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Cells in Science
An Introduction: Chapter 2 (Lesson 1 and 2)
A summary of the chapter

Vocab Word
Chroma- (color)
Multi- (many)
organism
lens
magnification
microscope
Cell
Cell theory

Cell wall
Cell Membrane

Nucleus (control center)

Organelles
Chromatin
Nucleolus
Ribosomes
Cytoplasm

Mitochondria (powerhouses)

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Definition
Prefix that means color: chromatin, n. the genetic material in
the nucleus of a cell, that can be colored with dyes
Prefix that means many: multicellular: having many cells
Is a living thing.
Is a curved piece of glass or other transparent material that is
used to bend light.
This is the condition of things appearing larger than they are.
Is an instrument that makes small objects look larger.
Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living
things.
Is the widely accepted explanation of the relationship between
cells and living things:
All living things are composed of cells.
Cells are the basic units of structure and function in
living things.
All cells are produced from other cells.
The ridgid layer that surrounds the cells of plants and some other
organisms.
Controls which substances pass into and out of a cell.
Everything a cell needs, such as food particles, water, and
oxygen enters here. Wastes leave the same way.
Acts as a cells control center, directing all of the cells
activities.
Cell structures that carry out specific functions within a cell.
Thin strands of material that fill the nucleus and contain
information for directing a cells functions.
Small round structure in the nucleus. The ribosomes are made
here.
Small grain-shaped organelles that produce proteins (important
to cells).
Thick, clear, gel-like fluid. Fills the region between the cell
membrane and the nucleus. It moves constantly within a cell,
carrying along the nucleus and other organelles that have
specific jobs.
Rod-shaped structures powerhouses that float in the cytoplasm
of the cell. They convert energy stored in food to energy in the
cell can use to live and function.
Looks like a maze of passageways. Helps the attached
ribosomes make proteins. The proteins leave the ER and move
to another organelle.

Proteins move here from the ER. The cells warehouse.

Receives proteins and other newly formed materials from the
ER, packages them, and distributes them to other parts of the
cell or to the outside of the cell.
Vacuoles (water-filled sacs)
Water-filled sacs that float in the cytoplasm. They store water,
food, or other materials needed by the cell. Vacuoles can also
store waste products until they are removed. Some animal cells
have them, and some do not.
Chloroplasts (capture energy)
Found in a plant cells cytoplasm. They capture energy from
sunlight and change it to a form of energy cells can use in
making food. Animal cells do not have these, but plant cells and
some other organisms do. They make leaves green because leaf
cells contain many chloroplasts.
Lysomsomes (Recycling center)
Sack-like organelles which contain substances that break down
large food particles into smaller ones. They also break down old
cell parts and release the substances so they can be used again.
Multicellular (many cells)
Plants and animals are made of many cells.
Unicellular (single cell)
Single-celled organisms
Specialized Cells (division of labor)
Perform specific functions that benefit the entire organism. One
type of cell does one kind of job, while other types of cells do
other jobs.
Cells that work together: A division of labor occurs in multicellular organisms.
tissue
Is a group of similar cells that work together to perform a
specific function.
organ
Contains different kinds of tissues that function together.
Organ system
A group of organs that work together to perform a major
function.
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Was the first to see living cells through the microscopes.
Golgi Apparatus (warehouse)

Be able to label a Plant cell

Be able to label an Animal cell