Q#1 Derive and plot the magnification factor for a column under compressive

force p under the following three cases (L, EI).

(a) Small initial crookedness v0 at the center of column axis
Assume that initial out-of-straightness is in the form of half sine curve described by

x
yo v0 sin
1.1

L
v0 amplitude of crookedness at mid height
M int p ( y yo )
M int EIy "
EIy " py pyo
EIy " py pyo 0
put yo from 1.1
x
EIy " py p (v0 sin
)
L
x
EIy " py pv0 sin

L
p
p
x
y "
y v0 sin

EI
EI
L
p
Let
k2
EI
x
y " k 2 y k 2v0 sin
1.2
L
1.2 is differential equation and general solution is;

y yc y p
yc =Asin(kx)+Bcos(kx)
x
x
y p =Csin
+Dcos

L
L
solving for C and D we get

(complimentry part)
(particular part)

2 2 2
C k 2 k vo 0
L

Zahid Ullah

ID: 2013750695

k 2 vo
k2

L2
p

vo

pe
C

pe

2 2
D k 2
L

D0
or
k2

2
L2

2 2
D k 2 0
L

D0
or
k2

2
L2

k 2 can not be equal to

2
L2

(as euler load = pe

2 EI
L2

),So D=0

Genral Solution is
y yc y p
p
pe
x
y A sin kx B cos kx +
sin

p
L
1
pe
vo

Boundry condition
y 0 @ x=0
0=B
y 0 @ x=L
A sin(kL) 0
sin(kL) 0
so A=0
put A=0 and B=0

Zahid Ullah

ID: 2013750695

p
pe

x
vo sin

p
L
1
pe

Now
ytotal yo y
p
pe

x
x
ytotal vo sin
vo sin
+

L 1 p
L
pe

ytotal

ytotal

1 p

pe

1 p

pe

x
vo sin

yo

ytotal yo Af
Af

1
1

p
pe

Amplification factor oR Af

Cm
Where Cm =1
p
1
pe

M p ( y yo ) = pytotal

1
M
1 p

pe

1
M
1 p

pe

x
pv osin

x
M 0 , , where M 0 = pvosin

M Af . M 0
M 0 First order moment

Zahid Ullah

ID: 2013750695