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FOR CALCULATION
1 In the calculation only three phase symmetrical fault has been considered.
2 A simplified procedure for calculating the symmetrical short circuit current called the E/X method is used,
which disregards all resistance,all static load and all prefault current.
3 The PU system is adopted for fault calculations as it simplifies the calculations
4 Since X/R ratio of the effective impedance at the bus is unknown,It si considered that the calculated current
should not more than 80% of the allowed valve for the breaker at the existing bus voltage.
5 Motor Contribution has been considered as 2 times the rated current of HT motors and negligible in case of LT motors.
6 For claculation,the impedances of cables has been neglected.
7 The distribution transformers in different load centres of the plant shall operate in isolation and not in parallel.
8 The utility fault level has been considered as 600 MVA.
2 DESIGN DATA :
a Utility fault level at plant grid
600
MVA
25
MVA
c) Distribution Transformer
1 Rated capacity
3.15
2 Voltage at HT side
11
KV
0.380
KV
4 Percentage impedance
d) Rating of HT motors
1 HT motor rating
MVA
4150
Kw
0.85
red
3 Motor efficiency
0.95
200
% FLT
100
% FLT
240
Sqmm
Cable no of run
No.
0.23
ohm/km
150
ohm/km
e) Rating of LT motors
1 LT motor rating
350
Kw
0.85
red
3 Motor efficiency
0.90
200
% FLT
100
% FLT
1.5
Sqmm
0.020
70
No.
ohm/km
mtr
FAULT CURRENT CALCULATION FOR HT (UP TO NEAREST MOTOR TERMINAL FROM SOURCE)
1.1
33
500
ZO
1.2
IFO
KV
MVA
2
System KV
Short Circuit MVA
ohm
Square (33)
500
ohm
2.178
ohm
1.1 X KV
3 X ZO
kA
1.1 x 33
3 X 2.178
kA
9.62
kA
2.1
Main Incoming power supply through 33kV, 1R X 3C X 300Sq.mm. Aluminium armoured Cable from APTRANSCO Substation to Plant
Substation
Resistance of cable ( R ) (Resistance / Km)
=
0.130
ohm/Km
Length of Cable (L)
1500
R x L
(N x 1000)
ohm
0.195
ohm
0.100
ohm/Km
X x L
(N x 1000)
ohm
0.150
ohm
(Ra2 + Xa2)
ohm
0.2460
ohm
Za + Zo
2.425
Xa
2.3
2.4
Za
Z1
2.5
IF1
1.1 X KV
3 X Z1
Meter
No.
ohm
kA
( 1.1 X 33)
( 3 X 2.425)
kA
8.643
kA
3.1
0.130
25
Meter
No.
R x L
(N x 1000)
ohm
0.00325
ohm
0.100
X x L
(N x 1000)
ohm
0.0025
ohm
(Rb2 + Xb2)
ohm
Xb
3.3
ohm/km
ohm/Km
Zb
3.4
3.5
IF2
0.0041
ohm
Zb + Z1
ohm
2.430
ohm
1.1 X KV
kA
3 X Z2
( 1.1 X 0.15)
( 3 X 2.43)
kA
8.625
kA
4.1
4.2
Vp
33
KV
Vs
6.6
KV
Transformer Capacity
8000
KVA
% Impedance
8.35
Zc
(8.35/100) x 6.6)
(8000/1000)
Zc
Z3
4.3
IF3
0.455
ohm
ohm
{((Vs)/ (Vp))x Z2 }+ Zc
ohm
ohm
0.553
1.1 X KVs
3 X Z3
ohm
KA
( 1.1 X X x L)
( 3 X 0.553)
kA
7.580
KA
5.1
0.129
25
Meter
No.
R x L
(N x 1000)
Rd
5.2
Xd
5.3
5.4
5.5
IF4
ohm/km
ohm
0.001075
0.0830
X x L
(N x 1000)
ohm
0.000691667
ohm
ohm
ohm/Km
(Rd + Xd )
ohm
0.0013
ohm
Zd + Z3
0.555
1.1 X KV
3 X Z4
ohm
kA
( 1.1 X )
( 3 X 0.555)
kA
7.553
kA
6.1
0.264
180
Re
6.2
Xe
6.3
6.4
6.5
R x L
(N x 1000)
No.
ohm
0.04752
ohm
0.0890
ohm/Km
X x L
(N x 1000)
ohm
0.01602
ohm
(Re2 + Xe2)
ohm
0.0501
ohm
Ze + Z4
0.606
IF5
ohm/km
Meter
1.1 X KV
3 X Z5
ohm
kA
( 1.1 X X x L)
( 3 X 0.606)
kA
6.917
kA
25
MVA
(Base MVA)
(Utility MVA)
25
600
25
0.042
= 0.041667 Pu
3 PU Impedance of equipment
=
=
= 0.634921 Pu
0.041667 Pu
0.041667 Pu
(Base MVA)
Total Pu Impedance
=
=
600
MVA
(Total kW of HT motors x 2)
(1000 x pf x efficiency)
Contribution of HT motors
= 600 + 10.28
( 4150 x 2 )
(1000 x 0.85 x 0.95)
10.28
610
610
( 3 x 11)
MVA
MVA
= 32.03233 kA
The 11kv Switchgears with fault with stand capacity of up to 40kA is feasible
a) Conclusion:
Fault Level at 11 kv Bus is 32.0KA
=
=
25
Base MVA
Hight fault level at 11kV bus
25
610
0.041
pu
0.635
pu
Base MVA
(The pu imedance up to 11kV bus + inpedance of
distribution Transformer)
25
(0.041 + 0.635)
MVA
37
37
( 3 x 0.38)
MVA
56.19
MVA
37
MVA
b) Conclusion:
Hence , the fault level at 0.380kV bus
rounded of to the nearest integer Value
The per unit impedance of the system components are calculated as follows :
i) Per Unit impedance of the system Components:
System Component
Sr.No.
i) pu impedance of utility
P.U.Impedance
25
=
600
0.0417
Pu
0.0024
Pu
4150kW
2.4323
pu
4150kW
57.679
pu
(25 x ( 8/ 100)
3.15
0.635
pu
0.121
Pu
350kW
27.32
Pu
350kW
54.64
Pu
2.4764
Pu
Total Pu Impedance
100
% Voltage Drop
i) Utility System
0.0417
2.476
x 100%
1.68
0.0024
2.4764
x 100%
0.097
1.6839
1.68
1.78
98.22
193.15
11KV Bus
= 100 1.7809
(200 x 10.81 ^ 2 )
(11^2 )
Conclusion
Higher starting torque,however,can be achived by adjustment of electrolyte strength of LRS.
For starting of 4150 kw motor,the starting surrent have to be resticted to less than
assumption the voltage drop is
1.78
%
200
% Voltage Drop
i) Utility System
0.0417
2.476
x 100%
1.68
0.0024
2.4764
x 100%
0.097
1.6839
1.68
1.78
98.22
11KV Bus
= 100 1.7809
(100 x 10.81 ^ 2 )
(11^2 )
96.58
Conclusion
Higher starting torque,however,can be achived by adjustment of electrolyte strength of LRS.
For Running of 0.9 kw motor,the starting surrent have to be resticted to less than
assumption the voltage drop is
1.78
%
System Component
28.119
Pu
% Voltage Drop
i) Utility System
0.0417
28.119
x 100%
0.15
0.6350
28.119
x 100%
2.26
0.1212
28.119
x 100%
0.440
0.15
0.15
2.85
97.15
189
0.38 KV Bus
= 100 2.85
(200 x 369.17 ^ 2 )
((0.38 x 100 )^ 2)
368.6
System Component
54.81
Pu
% Voltage Drop
i) Utility System
MVA
0.0417
54.806
x 100%
0.08
0.6350
54.806
x 100%
1.16
0.1212
54.806
x 100%
0.230
0.08
0.08
1.47
98.53
94
KV Bus
= 100 1.47
(100 x 374.414 ^ 2 )
((0.38 x 100 )^ 2)
0.0417
0.0417 pu
0.6350
0.6350 pu
0.6767 pu
Base MVA
25
MVA
Motor Rating
350
kw
380
Power Factor
25 MVA
(350 x 1000)
( 3 x (380 x 1000) x 0.85 x 0.95)
695.13
Motor Efficiency
0.90
Cos
0.85
rad
Sin
0.53
rad
Al =
1.5
Sqmm
Z % =
0.020
Cable Length
(L) =
70
ohm/mtr
mtr
(N) =
No.
= 0.000107 /mtr
0.02317 /mtr
= ( Z% Ohm/km x 12.12)
Pu Impedance of the Cable
Voltage drop of the selected cable
242.40
pu
695.13
1
( x 0.02 x 70)
16.43
=
=
16.43
x 100
(380 / 3 )
2.50
Kw x 6
Efficiency x Power factor
(k W x 6)
(0.9 x 0.85)
kw X
7.84
= 2745.098 KVA
For Slip ring induction motors
Starting KVA
Kw x 2.5
Efficiency x Power factor
= (k W x 2.5)
(0.9 x 0.85)
=
kw X
3.27
= 1143.791 KVA
For squirrel cage induction motors
Running KVA
Kw x 1
Efficiency x Power factor
(k W x 1)
(0.9 x 0.85)
kw X
1.31
= 457.5163 KVA
12.12