UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

DIVISION OF CHEMISTRY
GROUPS:
DN-1, MT-1, EH-1, AS-1, B-ENG, OHS, SE
MODULE: GENERAL CHEMISTRY 1 (CHY2021)
TUTORIAL # 4 (Chemical Bonding)

DATE: Oct 19-30, 2015

1. Describe and illustrate the occurrence of dipole-dipole and ion-dipole interactions in

solutions. What properties do these impart on the substances?
2. *Explain with the aid of sketches how intermolecular interactions develop between a polar
molecule like Br-Cl and a non-polar one like Br2.
3. *Explain the occurrence of intermolecular hydrogen-bonding in an ethanoic acid- water
solution. How does such interaction affect solubility and boiling point of ethanoic acid?
Use the structure of both molecules to assist your answer.
4. *Rationalize the difference in boiling points for the following pairs of substances.
N-pentane

CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3

36.2 oC

Neopentane

C(CH3)4

9.5 oC

Dimethylether

CH3-O-CH3

-25 oC

Ethanol

CH3-CH2-OH

79 oC

Hydrofluoric acid

H-F

25 oC

Hydrochloric acid

H-Cl

-85 oC

5. *Derive the Lewis structures for the following species: NO+, NO2-, ClO3-, HCN, I3-, SF4,
SbF5, IF4+, and N2H4.
6. *What is/are the main ideas(s) of the VSEPR Theory? What are its weaknesses? Predict the
VSEPR geometry as well as their Molecular geometry for the compounds in question 5.
7. What geometric arrangement (shape) of charge clouds do you expect for atoms that have
the following number of charge clouds?
(a) 3
(b) 5
(c) 2
(d) 6
8. How many charge clouds are there around the central atom in molecules that have the
following geometry?
(a) Tetrahedral
(b) Octahedral
(c) Bent
(d) Linear
(e) Square pyramidal
(f) Trigonal pyramidal

9. Describe the relationship between the various VSEPR geometries and the type of
hybridization that will develop in the molecule.

10. *Ethene, and ammonia have the following structures:

Describe how the bonds in ethene and ammonia are formed in terms of overlap of
appropriate hybridized and unhybridized orbitals. Make a rough sketch of the orbital
overlaps within the molecule.
11. Use appropriate sketches to explain how s and p atomic orbitals overlap to form molecular
orbitals.
12. What are the main ideas of the MO Theory? Draw the MO Diagram for the carbon
monoxide, CO, NO, OF+, O2+, and Ne2 molecules. Calculate the bond order in each.
Predict the type of magnetism found, if any.
13. *Using your knowledge of the MO theory, deduce which of the two species, NO or NO+ is
more stable.