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This document provides definitions for various literary elements and terms that students will need to know for reading, studying, and discussing short stories, including: plot elements (exposition, inciting incident, complication, climax, resolution), types of conflict (internal and external), theme, types of characters (protagonist and antagonist), symbol, setting, irony (situational and dramatic), figurative language (simile, metaphor, personification, hyperbole, imagery), foreshadowing, suspense, point of view (third person limited and omniscient, first person, second person), inference, and how to make inferences about characters. Students will be expected to know these terms for quizzes, worksheets, questions
This document provides definitions for various literary elements and terms that students will need to know for reading, studying, and discussing short stories, including: plot elements (exposition, inciting incident, complication, climax, resolution), types of conflict (internal and external), theme, types of characters (protagonist and antagonist), symbol, setting, irony (situational and dramatic), figurative language (simile, metaphor, personification, hyperbole, imagery), foreshadowing, suspense, point of view (third person limited and omniscient, first person, second person), inference, and how to make inferences about characters. Students will be expected to know these terms for quizzes, worksheets, questions
This document provides definitions for various literary elements and terms that students will need to know for reading, studying, and discussing short stories, including: plot elements (exposition, inciting incident, complication, climax, resolution), types of conflict (internal and external), theme, types of characters (protagonist and antagonist), symbol, setting, irony (situational and dramatic), figurative language (simile, metaphor, personification, hyperbole, imagery), foreshadowing, suspense, point of view (third person limited and omniscient, first person, second person), inference, and how to make inferences about characters. Students will be expected to know these terms for quizzes, worksheets, questions
You are required to know the definitions of each literary term listed below as we read, study, and discuss short stories. You should expect them to appear on quizzes, worksheets, questions, and tests. Plot is made up of these parts: Exposition: The first part of a story; introduces characters, setting, and conflict by providing pertinent background information Inciting Incident: Precise moment in the story where the conflict begins Complication(s): Events that further develop and complicate the conflict Climax: The point in the story where the nature of the conflict changes in some profound way -- often referred to as the turning point Resolution: The point in the story where the conflict(s) is/are resolved, and the story is brought to a close. Conflict: a struggle or clash between opposing characters, forces, or emotions Internal conflict: A struggle between opposing needs, desires, or emotions within a single character. External conflict: When a character struggles against an outside force: another character, society as a whole, or something in nature. Theme: An insight or truth revealed by a work of literature. The theme is different than the subject or topic, which can usually be expressed in a word or two: old age, ambition, love. The theme is the message the writer wishes us to discover about that subject. Two clues to consider when uncovering theme: 1. The way the main character changes throughout the story. 2. The way in which the conflict is resolved. Two types of characters: Protagonist: The main character that moves the action of the story forward. The protagonist is often, but not always, the hero. Antagonist: The character or force that blocks the protagonist. The antagonist is often, but not always, the villain. Symbol: A person, place, thing, or event that stands both for itself and for something beyond itself. Setting: The time, place, and environment of a story or play. Situational Irony: When what actually happens is the opposite of what is expected or appropriate. Dramatic Irony: When the audience knows information that the characters in the story/play do not. Figurative Language includes: Simile: An indirect comparison between two seemingly unlike things by using a
Lit/LA 7 & 8
Matis
connective word such as like, as, than, or resembles.
Metaphor: A direct comparison between two unlike things without using a connective word such as like, as, than, or resembles. Personification: A type of metaphor in which a nonhuman thing or quality is given human characteristics, qualities, or traits.
Hyperbole: Extreme exaggeration
Imagery: Language that appeals to the five senses: sight, smell, sound, touch, taste. Think of imagery as, painting a picture with words. Imagery is another words for sensory details. Foreshadowing: The authors use of clues to hint at events that will occur later in the plot. Foreshadowing is primarily used to arouse the readers curiosity and increase suspense. Suspense: The uncertainty or anxiety the reader feels about what is going to happen next in a story. Point-of-view: the narrators position in relation to a story being told Third-person limited point of view: The narrator, who plays no part in the story, zooms in on the thoughts and feelings of one character. Uses pronouns like he, she, they Third-person omniscient point of view: When the narrator plays no part in the story but is able to tell the reader what all of the characters are thinking and feeling as well as what is happening in other places. Uses pronouns like he, she they First person: The narrator, using the first person pronoun I, is a character in the story. The readers hear and see only what the narrator hears and sees. Second person: The narrator tells the story to another character or talks directly to the audience; uses the pronoun you Inference: a conclusion based on evidence and reasoning I like to think of an inference in this way: Even though the author doesnt directly tell me, I can infer that . . . because . . . How
do you make inferences about characters?
A characters appearance A characters speech or inner thoughts A characters actions A characters interactions with others or reaction to others