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  • AASHTO STANDARD 16th Apoyos Elastomericos

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    César Alvarado
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    Diseño de aparatos elastomericos AASHTO

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    Diseño de aparatos elastomericos AASHTO

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    10 просмотров6 страниц

    AASHTO STANDARD 16th Apoyos Elastomericos

    Загружено:

    César Alvarado
    Diseño de aparatos elastomericos AASHTO

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Section 14 ELASTOMERIC BEARINGS 14.1 GENERAL Be ‘Yield strength of the steel girder (psi) "= ShearnodlisoelaRone (ps 73°F s = =k 1 = Toa elastomer thickness ofthe bearing Gn.) ‘ween abridge and its supporting strc. Tis section Zh Sribespecieaton cover iedergnof plén pede con. gma ase fT Sieg cham garcia etsideoreearesh = and elastomer, bonded together). Tapered elastomer lay- k = Constant dependent on elastomer hardness ere in einfoveed bearings are not permite In adtion to Eerie ee any intemal reinforcement, bearings may have external Gee eee belongs hae be wpe lower cloner ‘eam layers or both P= Compressive load on the bearing (Ib) <<. ° — ‘the procedure defined in 14.4.1 orthe one in 14.42. Bea -_ = ings wi fabrereinforeementoruneiaforced pads shall ceded A EL trent ens ite (GGACHTOWEIEIOEA The maces, favcatin, ad in- out oles stallion of te bearings shall be in accordance withthe PD re te ele ite er requirements of Section 18.2 of Division I of the Speci- Abe fenton Tilman arr amar all tothe wansverse axis 142. DEFINITIONS Gi Longio = The axis ofthe Bearing paral tothe nd 18 for pain pads Isp diol” iomgludianl ais of te bridge get) evened ota ong al Ue sb ok ast Pinpetvor cob inpar atelier er Let =A group of bearings made from the same Ings under all eecumsiance, B factors ihe ners Smaller han those defined above may be used Teme = The axis ofthe bearing perpendicn atthe discretion ofthe Enginer B shall eet Soe eavectaniotillos Tess ps ze 4. i ei GENER Bm Wishot Ranger tel per Gn) 4 ‘etheteat nmenepeits D Gross diameter of a circular bearing (in.) EB ‘modulus of the elas- ‘eformed Cin.) I ting accorn of res a * = 3G(1 + 2 KS") (psi) 5 field strength of the stel reinforcement (pi) ‘ing for support Rexibllity (in) 343 <= 5SESAETCSRISREETRATR tase ‘tomer layer number i(change in thickness di- ‘Sided bv the unswessed thickvess) © = Relaive rotation of top and bottom surfaces (GEESE cadians) Subseries: TL ‘total load LL ive load XS bout rmnsverse acs 2 = about ongitadinal axis © = BIA = average compressive stess on the ‘bearing caused by the dead and live load, x- lung irmpact 143 MATERIAL PROPERTIES (GGRIUESIEH IF the moterial is specified explicitly by its shear modulus, that value shall be used in design and the ‘other properties shall be obtained from Table 14.3.1. 1Fthe raterial is specified by its hardness, the shear modulus shall be taken as the value from the range for that hardness given in Table 14.3.1, which is most conservative foreach prof the design. Intermediate values shall ia all cases be ‘obtained by interpolation Material with a shear modulus greater than 200 psi or ‘a nominal hardness greater than 60 shall not be used [or reinforced bearings. Under no conditions shall the norii= nal hardness exceed 70 or the shear modulus exceed 300 psi For the purposes of bearing design, all bridge sites, shall be classified as being in temperature zone A. B, C, D. or E. The zones are defined by their extreme low tem- peratures or the largest qumber of consecutive days for Which the temperature has ever remained below 32°F, whichever gives the more severe condition. Values are ven in Table 14.3.2. In the absence of more precise in- formation, Figure 14.3.1 may be used as a guide in se- lecting the zone required for a given region. agai CAM TABLE 14.3.1. Elastomer Properties at Different ‘Harnesses adoas ia AD os @ "Shear Modus (G)ips) 95-130 700-300 ABéegesF (MPa) 06-093 09-143 1-214 EG HH se ‘nvananeoes defen ons | 06 oss HIGHWAY BRIDGES / 142. TABLE 143.2. Low ‘Temperature Zones and Elastomer Grades ‘Low Temperate Zone Ai Soar Low Emperture 0 (degrees) ters Moxrmun Number at 3007 WA NA CConseeuine Days When he “Temperstce does aot Rie ‘Above 32 DegieesF Minimum Low Temperature Elstomer Grade Without Special Provisions racceelesevisvey Minimum Low Temperate 00 Elastomer Grae With Special Provisions Bearings shall be made from AASHTO low temper ture grades of elastomer as defined in Section 18.2 of Di- vision TI. The minimum grade of elastomer required for each low temperature zone is specified in Table 14.3.2. ‘The special provisions required in Table 14.3.2 are that ei- ther a positive slip apparatus be installed and the bridge components shall be able to withstand forces arising from. 1g force equal to twice the design shear force or components of the bridge be able to resist the ToFees arising fom a bearing force four times the design shear force as defined in Section 14.6. 144 BEARING DESIGN METHODS 1 Compressive Stress Unless shear deformation is prevented, the average compressive stress in any layer shall satisfy on 5 GSIB and ex. 1,000 psi for stel-reinforced bearings or Gen = 800 psi, for plain pads or fabric rein- forced bearings ‘These stress limits may be inereased by 10 percent where shear deformation is prevented, In bearings containing layers of different thickness, the value of S used shall be that which produces the smallest /B. In bearings in which the elastomer is specified by its hardness, the value of G used shall be the lowest value of the range given in Table 143.1. 144.12 DIVISION DESIGN 345 UNE ‘ 1600 [Shape factor 12 7 a 1400 si 50 durometer BY sexe Lt | sexe OF 1200} feinforced fee \ = bearings = oe Lars £ e00 poem SO z ee so M #900) FIGURE 143.1 Map of Law Temperature Zones ge 200 144.12 Compressive Deflection o o 123 4 5 67 ‘The compressive deflection, &., of the bearing shall be so limited as to ensure the serviceability of the bridge and joint system. Deflections due to total load and to live load alone shall be considered separately Instantaneous deflection shall be calculated as A= Leis Value for ¢q shall be obtained from design aids based on tests such as presented in Figures 144.1.2A and 144.1.2B, by testing or by an approved analysis method, Figures 14.4.1.2A and 144.1.2B are for internal layers of reinforced bearings. They may be used for plain pads or cover layers of reinforced bearings if Sis replaced by S/B. ‘When long-term deflections are to be considered, the total deflection shall be computed by adding deflections due to the effects of creep of the elastomer to the instan- taneous deflection. Long-term deflections may affect the serviceability ofthe join system, and shall be considered at joints between sections of bridges resting on bearings of different design and for other conditions where signif- icant large or differential deflection is expected inthe joint system. They also should be accounted for when estimat- ing redistribution of forees in continuous bridges caused by support settlement. Deflections due to creep shall be computed from information relevant to the elastomeric compound used if itis available. If not, the values given in Anicle 14.3 shall be used 1441.3. Shear ‘The horizontal bridge movernent shall be taken as the ‘maximum possible deformation caused by creep, shrink- age, and post-tensioning, combined with thermal effects Compressive strain (%) FIGURE 14.4.1.2A Compressive Stress vs. Strain for 50, Durometer Stecl-Reinforeed Bearings ‘computed in accordance with Article 3.16. The maximum shear deformation of the bearing, A,, shall be taken as the horizontal bridge movement, modified to account for the pier flexibifity and construction procedures. If positive slip apparatus is installed, 4, need not be taken larger than the deformation corresponding to first sfip-——_—_— ‘The bearing shall be designed so hy =24, 144.14 Rotation ‘The rotational deformations about each axis shall be taken as the maximum possible rotation between the top and bottom of the bearing caused by initial lack of parallelism and girder end rotation. They shall be limited by On. 528M auf Ons SMA for retnguar teags © (Fae F Oa.) 5 24D, for crear bearings. W4ALS Stability LS, WIS, oF DIS for pi at 36 HIGHWAY BRIDGES: {0 aroma f, reinforced / Compressive stress (psi) 144.16 Reinforcement ‘The reinforcement shall be fabric or steel and its resis tance in pounds per linear inch at working stress levels in ‘each direction shall aot be less than: for fabric for seel 1,400 hy, 1,700, For these purposes hg shall be taken as she mean thick ness of the wo layers of the {forcement if they are of aiterent thisknest ofthe reinforcement andthe allowable sess ‘The allowable stress shall be calculated taking into ac- count fatigue loading but ignoring holes in the reinforce ‘ment. Holes shall be prohibited in fabric reinforcement. “They are not recommended in steel reinforcement: but if they exist, the steel thickness shall be increased by a fac~ toe (2 X gross widthy/(net width), 4.1.6 1442.1 Compressive Stress In any bearing ayer, the average compressive stress shall satisfy: for bearings subject to shear deformations en 1,600 pst Gon = 1.66 GSIB nu, 50.66 GS/B for bearings fixed against shear deformations or = 1,600 psi o.n. 52.00 GSI, ou. 5 L00 GSB where B = 1.0 for interval layers and 14 for cover ‘layers. Inbearings containing layers of different thickness, the value of $ used shall be that which produces the smallest S/B. In bearings in which the elastomer is specified by its hardness, the value of G used shall be the lowest value of the range given in Table 14.3.1 1442.2 Compressive Deflection ‘The compressive deflection, &,, ofthe bearing shall be so limited as to ensure the serviceability of te bridge and {it system. DtSHOnS gue T otal T6AB GO UNOR Zane Vales for. shall be obtained from design aids based on ‘(esisisuch as presentediin Figure | 4.4.1.2 anc Iaae2B) by esting o by an approved anal mato ‘Figures: (Goreedibeatings They may be used for cover layers of inforced bearings if Sis replaced by S/B. ‘inSRaNLAREOUSTAEMECHION) Long-term deflections may affect the serviceability of the joint system, and shall be considered at joints between sections of bridges rest- ing on bearings of diffecent design and for other con- ditions where significant large or differential deflection is expected in the joint system. They also should be accounted for when estimating redistribution of fore continuous bridges caused by support settlement. DES 14423 DIVISION J—DESIGN 347 14423 Shear The horizontal movement of the bridge superstructure, ‘Ss, shall be taken as the maximum possible deforma- “thermal effects computed in accor~ combined ‘GanceIWHTATICIEBIG The maximum shear deforma- tion of the bearing, 4,, shall be taken as A,, modified to account for the pier flexibility and constriction proce- dures. Ifa positive slip apparatus is installed, need not be taken larger than the deformation corresponding to first slip. ‘parallelism and Birderend\totation) They shat! be limited by: Ons 2AdL fimo, = 280W, for rectangular bearings 0: 2) = 20D, for circular bearings. ‘deformations: < 1.66G8/B ns Tne” wT aae or, for bearings fixed against shear deformations: 20G8/B On Sg yon be where Oxi. is the total rotation about the transverse axis ‘Reduced stress levels for rotations about the longitudi- nal axis of the bearing shall be computed by a rational method, ‘The bearings shall be proportioned to prevent stability failure. The average compressive stress due to total dead and live load on rectangular bearings shall satisfy: If the bridge deck is free to translate horizontally oon

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