Flight AND Performance Planning: Private Pilot Licence

FLIGHT PERFORMANCE
AND
PLANNING
PRIVATE PILOT LICENCE
AEROPLANE MANUAL
SACAA-01
FOR EXAMINATION PURPOSES ONLY
PLEASE DO NOT MARK ON OR DAMAGE THIS MANUAL IN ANY WAY
OCTOBER 2008
SOUTH AFRICAN
CIVIL AVIATION
AUTHORITY
CONTENTS
Page (i)
CONTENTS
SECTION 1 - PERFORMANCE GRAPHS
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1-1 .........Figure
1-2 .........Figure
1-3 .........Figure
1-4 .........Figure
1-5 .........Figure
1-6 .........Figure
1-7 .........Figure
1-8 .........Figure
1-9 .........Figure
1-10 .......Figure
1-11 .......Figure
1-12 .......Figure
1-13 .......Figure
1-14 .......Figure
1-15 .......Figure
1-16 .......Figure
1-17 .......Figure
1-18 .......Figure
1-19 .......Figure
1-20 .......Figure
1-21 .......Figure
1-22 .......Figure
1-23 .......Figure
1-24 .......Figure
1-1..............Airspeed System Calibration

1-2..............Stall Speeds
1-3..............Flaps Up Take-off Ground Roll
1-4..............Flaps Up Take-off Performance
1-5..............25 Flaps Take-off Ground Roll
1-6..............25 Flaps Take-off Performance
1-7..............Climb Performance
1-8..............Time, Distance and Fuel to Climb
1-9..............Engine Performance
1-10............Speed Power - Performance Cruise
1-11............Speed Power - Economy Cruise
1-12............Range - Performance Cruise
1-13............Range - Economy Cruise
1-14............Endurance
1-15............Time, Fuel and Distance to Descend
1-16............Glide Range
1-17............Landing Performance
1-18............Landing Ground Roll
1-19............Airspeed Calibration Table
1-20............Climb Performance Table
1-21............Stall Speeds Table
1-22............Take-off Performance Table
1-23............Cruise Performance Table
1-24............Landing Performance Table
SECTION 2 - MASS AND BALANCE

Page 2-1 .........Figure 2-1..............Mass and Balance Loading Form
Page 2-2 .........Figure 2-2..............Loading Graph
Page 2-3 .........Figure 2-3..............CG Range and Weight
PPL Flight Planning Manual- Aeroplane
SACAA-01
PERFORMANCE GRAPHS
Page 1-1
AIRSPEED SYSTEM CALIBRATION
AIRSPEED SYSTEM CALIBRATION

2500 LBS GROSS WEIGHT
CALIBRATED AIRSPEED - KNOTS
170
PS
150
0
130
A
FL
AP
L
F
40
110
90
70
50
50
70
90
110
130
150
170
INDICATED AIRSPEED - KNOTS
Figure 1-1: Airspeed System Calibration
190
Figure 1-2: Stall Speeds

25
20
WEIGHT - 100 LBS
15
20
25
INDICATED AIRSPEED
CALIBRATED AIRSPEED
15
POWER OFF
0 FLAPS
25 FLAPS
40 FLAPS
STALL SPEEDS
20
40
40
60
ANGLE OF BANK - DEGREES
50
60
70
80
90
SACAA-01
PERFORMANCE GRAPHS
Page 1-2
STALL SPEEDS
SU
RE
Figure 1-3: Flaps Up Take-off Ground Roll
-40
FT
-20
0
20
EL
LE
00
10
20
00
00
30
00
40
0
50
SE
00 00
70 60
TEMP
OUTSIDE AIR TEMPERATURE - C
RE
S
STD.
AL
T-
40
REFERENCE LINE - 2500 LBS
2500
2100
WEIGHT - LBS
2300
1900
AD
WI
ND
WIND - KNOTS
10
HE
TAKE-OFF SPEEDS - KIAS

WT - LBS
LIFT OFF
2500
53
2400
50
2300
49
2100
47
FULL THROTTLE BEFORE BRAKE RELEASE

PAVED, LEVEL, DRY RUNWAY
REFERENCE LINE - WIND

TAI
LW
IN
FLAPS UP TAKE-OFF GROUND ROLL
20
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
SACAA-01
PERFORMANCE GRAPHS
Page 1-3
FLAPS UP TAKE-OFF GROUND ROLL
TAKE-OFF GROUND ROLL - FEET
SU
Figure 1-4: Flaps Up Take-off Performance
-40
600
STD. TEM
7000
A
SE
40
L
VE
LE
00
10
2500
2300
2100
WEIGHT - LBS
1900

WT - LBS
LIFT OFF 50 FT
2500
53
60
2400
50
57
2300
49
55
2100
47
53

0
-20
20
ES
PR
00
FT
LT
-
500
00
00
40
30
20
RE
A
FLAPS UP TAKE-OFF PERFORMANCE
TAILW
IND
WI
ND
10
WIND - KNOTS
HE
AD
20
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
SACAA-01
PERFORMANCE GRAPHS
Page 1-4
FLAPS UP TAKE-OFF PERFORMANCE
TAKE-OFF DISTANCE OVER 50 FT BARRIER - FEET
70
00
Figure 1-5: 25 Flaps Take-off Ground Roll
-F
T
0
00
SE
00
60
00
00
00
V
LE
40
EL
10
20
30
00
40
2500
2300
2100
WEIGHT - LBS
1900
WI
HE
AD
10
WIND - KNOTS

0
-20
20
TEMP
PR
-40
UR
ES
S

STD.
AL
T
ND

WT - LBS
LIFT OFF
2500
50
2400
48
2300
45
2100
43
TAI
LW
IN
25 FLAPS TAKE-OFF GROUND ROLL
20
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
SACAA-01
PERFORMANCE GRAPHS
Page 1-5
25 FLAPS TAKE-OFF GROUND ROLL
TAKE-OFF GROUND ROLL - FEET
60
MP
Figure 1-6: 25 Flaps Take-off Performance

00
EL
V
LE
10
0
-20
20
A
SE
0
00
40
2500
2300
2100
WEIGHT - LBS
1900

WT - LBS
LIFT OFF 50 FT
2500
50
55
2400
48
53
2300
46
51
2100
45
50

00
00
70
STD. TE
PR
-40
UR
ES
S
FT
AL
T-
50
00
40
30
00
00
25 FLAPS TAKE-OFF PERFORMANCE
TAIL
W
IND
10
WIND - KNOTS
HE
AD
W
IN
D
20
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
SACAA-01
PERFORMANCE GRAPHS
Page 1-6
25 FLAPS TAKE-OFF PERFORMANCE
TAKE-OFF DISTANCE OVER 50 FT BARRIER - FEET
-40
00
0
EE
13
00
12
RE
SU
90
STD TE
00
MP
200
CLIMB PERFORMANCE
0
-20
20
40
RE
S
00
10
00
11
0
UD
AL
TIT
00
10
A
EF
00
00
80
70
00
00
60
50
00
40
00
30
20
00
L
VE

LE
Figure 1-7: Climb Performance

SE
800
600
400
RATE OF CLIMB - FPM
1000
FULL THROTTLE, FLAPS UP,

75 KIAS
SACAA-01
PERFORMANCE GRAPHS
Page 1-7
CLIMB PERFORMANCE
-40

MP
Figure 1-8: Time, Distance and Fuel to Climb

E
UD
T
TI
AL
EE
-F
0
-20
20
40
UR
S
ES
PR
STD TE
SEA LEVEL
1000
2000
3000
4000
0
500
600
00
80
90
00
700
10
00
0
11
12
00
00
FUEL
TI
-M
IN
C
TAN
DIS
E-
NM
CLIMB AT FULL THROTTLE

75 KIAS, FLAPS UP, 2500 LBS
GROSS WEIGHT
GRAPH INCLUDES FUEL FOR
START, TAXI AND TAKE-OFF
ME
10
30
20
50
40
TIME, DISTANCE AND FUEL TO CLIMB
- GAL
60
SACAA-01
PERFORMANCE GRAPHS
Page 1-8
-40
00
0
40
00
T
L
VE
12
00
11
0
00
10
00
90
80
00
00
70
60
00
00
50
00
00
0
-20
20
40
Figure 1-9: Engine Performance

30
PR
MP
00
UD
AL
TIT
UR
ES
S
STD TE
10
EE
EF
SE

AL
E
60
65
70
75
2000
2400
2200
2600
ENGINE SPEED - RPM
PERCENT POWER 55
FUEL FLOW - GALLONS PER HOUR

BEST POWER
BEST ECONOMY
7.5
6.0
55%
8.5
7.0
65%
8.5
75%
10.0
BEST POWER MIXTURE
ENGINE PERFORMANCE
SACAA-01
PERFORMANCE GRAPHS
Page 1-9
ENGINE PERFORMANCE
SACAA-01
PERFORMANCE GRAPHS
Page 1-10
140
SPEED POWER - PERFORMANCE CRUISE
110
100
120
130
TRUE AIRSPEED - KNOTS
TTLE
L THRO
75
65
90
UD
20
0
00
30
00
40
00
50
00
60
00
70
00
80
SU
00
90
EA
LT
IT
RE
S
P
0
00
10
00
11
0
00
12
-40
10
00
BEST POWER MIXTURE
2500 LBS MAX GROSS WEIGHT
PERCENT POWER 55
SE
EE
EF
SPEED POWER - PERFORMANCE CRUISE
EL
LE
V
MP
STD TE
0
-20
20
40
OR FUL
M
2650 RP
Figure 1-10: Speed Power - Performance Cruise
-40
00
12
00
11
0
00
10
00
90
80
00
00
70
60
00
00
50
40
00
00
90
65
110
100
120
130
TRUE AIRSPEED - KNOTS
PERCENT POWER 55

SUBTRACT 5 KTS IF WHEEL
FAIRINGS REMOVED
BEST ECONOMY MIXTURE
SPEED POWER - ECONOMY CRUISE
TTL
Figure 1-11: Speed Power - Economy Cruise
0
-20
20
40
30
PR
E
UR
ES
S
MP
20
0
UD
AL
TIT
SE

STD TE
00
EE
EF
OR
VE
RPM
HRO
AL
E
2650
LT
FUL
10
140
SACAA-01
PERFORMANCE GRAPHS
Page 1-11
SPEED POWER - ECONOMY CRUISE
-40
20
00
100
800
U
SS
PR
E
MP
Figure 1-12: Range - Performance Cruise

L
400
600
1200
0
-20
20
40
00
U
LT
IT
STD TE
SE
RE
A
ET
VE
LE

DE
-
FE
BEST POWER MIXTURE
400
75%
65%
75%
700
55%
65%
RANGE WITH
NO RESERVE
55% POWER
500
600
500
600
RANGE - NAUTICAL MILES
RANGE WITH 45 MIN RESERVE

AT 55% POWER
RANGE REDUCED BY 5% IF
WHEEL FAIRINGS REMOVED
RANGE - PERFORMANCE CRUISE
SACAA-01
PERFORMANCE GRAPHS
Page 1-12
RANGE - PERFORMANCE CRUISE
-40
6000
10000
8000
E
MP
Figure 1-13: Range - Economy Cruise
12000
500
65%
75%
RANGE WITH
NO RESERVE
55% POWER
600
600
700
700
RANGE - NAUTICAL MILES
RANGE WITH 45 MIN RESERVE

AT 55% POWER
75%
RANGE REDUCED BY 5% IF
WHEEL FAIRINGS REMOVED
0
-20
20
40
400
LTI
EA
SSU
R
PR
- FE
S
TUD
E
ET
EV
EA
L

STD TE
200
0
EL
RANGE - ECONOMY CRUISE
65%
800
55%
SACAA-01
PERFORMANCE GRAPHS
Page 1-13
RANGE - ECONOMY CRUISE
Figure 1-14: Endurance
SL
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
75%
55% POWER
ENDURANCE WITH
45 MIN RESERVE
AT 55% POWER
65%
65%
5
4
6
ENDURANCE - HOURS
75%
ENDURANCE
55%
ENDURANCE
WITH NO
RESERVE
SACAA-01
PERFORMANCE GRAPHS
Page 1-14
ENDURANCE
PRESSURE ALTITUDE - FT
-40

STD TE
MP
ET
E - FE
0
-20
20
40
LTITU
D
URE A
PRES
S
SEA LEVEL
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
1000
1100
0
FUEL - GAL
10
20
30
40
50
TIME, DISTANCE AND FUEL
DESCEND AT 115 KIAS, 2400 RPM

TI
1200
0
IN
ME
-M
TIME, FUEL AND DISTANCE TO DESCEND
60
AN
ST
I
D
CE
M
-N
70
SACAA-01
PERFORMANCE GRAPHS
Page 1-15
TIME, FUEL AND DISTANCE TO DESCEND
Figure 1-15: Time, Fuel and Distance to Descend
Figure 1-16: Glide range
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
20
10
30
40
GLIDE RANGE - NAUTICAL MILES
POWER OFF, 0 FLAP, 75 KIAS

2500 LBS, ZERO WIND
GLIDE RANGE
SACAA-01
PERFORMANCE GRAPHS
Page 1-16
GLIDE RANGE
PRESSURE ALTITUDE - FEET
-40
00
LEV
EL
STD. TEM
P
Figure 1-17: Landing Performance

FT
0
-20
20
SEA
0
200
0
400
60
80
00
UR
SS
RE
LT
EA
40
2500
2300
2100
WEIGHT - LBS
POWER OFF, 65 KIAS APPROACH SPEED

40 FLAPS, FULL STALL TOUCHDOWN
MAXIMUM SAFE BRAKING
LANDING PERFORMANCE
1900
TAILWIN
D
WI
N
AD
10
WIND - KNOTS
HE
20
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
SACAA-01
PERFORMANCE GRAPHS
Page 1-17
LANDING PERFORMANCE
LANDING DISTANCE OVER 50 FT BARRIER - FEET
-40
60
00
EL
LEV
. TEM
P
Figure 1-18: Landing Ground Roll

FT
0
-20
20
SEA
200
STD
0
400
0
00
R
SU
ES
PR
TAL
40
2500
2300
2100
WEIGHT - LBS
POWER OFF, 65 KIAS APPROACH SPEED

40 FLAPS, FULL STALL TOUCHDOWN
MAXIMUM SAFE BRAKING
LANDING GROUND ROLL
1900
TAILWIN
D
10
WIND - KNOTS
HE
AD
WI
ND
20
500
600
700
800
900
1000
SACAA-01
PERFORMANCE GRAPHS
Page 1-18
LANDING GROUND ROLL
LANDING GROUND ROLL - FEET
SACAA-01
PERFORMANCE GRAPHS
Page 1-19
AIRSPEED CALIBRATION TABLE
AIRSPEED CORRECTION TABLE

FLAPS UP
KIAS
KCAS
40
47
50
56
60
63
70
71
80
80
90
90
100
98
110
107
120
117
130
128
140
138
150
149
40
47
50
56
60
63
70
72
80
82
90
91
100
99
110
110
120
120
-----
-----
-----
40
45
50
54
60
62
70
71
80
81
90
91
100
101
110
111
120
122
-----
-----
-----
FLAPS 10
KIAS
KCAS
FLAPS 40
KIAS
KCAS
Figure 1-19: Airspeed Calibration Table
SACAA-01
PERFORMANCE GRAPHS
Page 1-20
CLIMB PERFORMANCE TABLE
CLIMB PERFORMANCE
WEIGHT PRESS
ALT
LBS
FT
2300
SL
2000
4000
6000
8000
10,000
12,000
CLIMB
SPEED
KIAS
-20C
0C
20C
40C
75
73
71
69
67
65
63
750
650
550
455
360
260
170
690
590
495
400
305
210
120
625
530
435
325
250
160
---
560
475
375
270
195
-----
RATE OF CLIMB - FPM
CONDITIONS: Full Power, Flaps retracted and mixture leaned

for maximum RPM during the climb
Figure 1-20: Climb Performance Table
SACAA-01
PERFORMANCE GRAPHS
Page 1-21
STALL SPEEDS TABLE
STALL SPEEDS
ANGLE OF BANK
WEIGHT
(LBS)
FLAP
SETTING
30
45
60
KIAS KCAS KIAS KCAS KIAS KCAS KIAS KCAS
2400
2200
UP
48
54
52
58
58
64
68
76
10
45
52
48
56
54
60
64
74
40
42
48
46
52
50
56
60
68
UP
44
52
48
54
52
58
60
68
10
42
48
46
52
50
56
56
64
40
40
46
44
50
48
54
54
62
CONDITIONS: Power Off.

NOTE: Indicated airspeed figures are approximate values
Figure 1-21: Stall Speeds Table

NOTES:
Decrease all distances by 10% for each 5 knots headwind.
Increase all distances by 10% for each 2 knots tailwind.
For operation on a dry, grass runway increase all distances by 10%
of the "Ground Roll" figure.
2400
54
60
SEA LEVEL
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
785
860
940
1030
1135
1245
1375
1515
1675
1420
1550
1690
1955
2040
2250
2490
2770
3105
845
925
1010
1110
1220
1340
1480
1635
1810
1515
1655
1810
1985
2185
2415
2680
3035
3360
905
990
1085
1190
1310
1440
1590
1760
1935
1615
1765
1935
2125
2345
2595
2890
3230
3560
970
1060
1165
1280
1405
1550
1710
1880
----
1725
1905
2070
2275
2515
2790
3110
3330
----
1040
1135
1245
1370
1505
1660
----------
1835
2010
2210
2335
2695
3000
----------
TAKE-OFF
0C
10C
20C
30C
40C
SPEED
PRESSURE
WEIGHT
(KIAS)
TOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL
ALTITUDE
(LBS)
GND
GND
GND
TO
CLEAR
GND
TO
CLEAR
TO
CLEAR
TO
CLEAR
GND
TO
CLEAR
(FT)
LIFT AT
ROLL
ROLL
ROLL
50
FT
ROLL
50
FT
50
FT
50
FT
ROLL
50
FT
OFF 50 FT
CONDITIONS:
Flaps up,
Full power before brake release,
Paved, level, dry runway,
Zero wind
TAKE-OFF DISTANCE REQUIRED
SACAA-01
PERFORMANCE GRAPHS
Page 1-22
TAKE-OFF PERFORMANCE TABLE
Figure 1-22: Take-off Performance Table
SACAA-01
PERFORMANCE GRAPHS
Page 1-23
CRUISE PERFORMANCE TABLE
CRUISE PERFORMANCE
Gross Weight 2300 Lbs, Mixture Leaned For Cruise, Zero Wind
RPM
% BHP
KTAS
GPH
Endurance
(hours)
Range
(nm)
2600
2500
2400
2300
2200
85
78
71
64
58
124
119
113
107
101
9.6
8.5
7.7
7.1
6.6
4.7
5.4
6.0
6.5
7.0
650
730
750
760
785
4000
2600
2500
2400
2300
2200
81
74
67
60
53
124
118
112
106
98
8.9
8.0
7.3
6.8
6.4
5.1
5.7
6.2
6.7
7.2
690
750
780
795
795
6000
2600
2500
2400
2300
2200
77
70
63
57
51
123
117
111
103
95
8.3
7.6
7.0
6.6
6.1
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
745
780
790
810
800
8000
2600
2500
2400
2300
2200
69
66
60
54
48
119
115
108
100
90
7.5
7.2
6.8
6.3
5.9
6.1
6.3
6.8
7.3
7.8
800
810
820
815
790
10, 000
2600
2500
2400
62
56
50
113
105
95
6.9
6.5
6.1
6.6
7.1
7.6
830
825
805
PRESSURE
ALTITUDE
2000
Figures are based on 48 Gallons of usable fuel (No Reserve)
Figure 1-23: Cruise Performance Table

NOTES:
Decrease all distances by 10% for each 10 knots of headwind.
Increase all distances by 10% for each 10 knots of tailwind.
For operation on a dry, grass runway increase all distances by 25%
of the "Ground Roll" figure.
2400
65
SEA LEVEL
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
500
515
535
555
575
595
620
645
670
1220
1250
1280
1315
1350
1385
1440
1480
1525
515
535
555
575
595
620
645
665
695
1250
1280
1315
1350
1385
1440
1470
1510
1555
535
555
575
595
620
640
705
730
755
1280
1315
1350
1385
1425
1465
1505
1550
1595
550
570
595
615
640
660
690
715
740
1310
1345
1385
1420
1460
1500
1550
1590
1635
570
590
615
635
660
685
710
735
765
1345
1380
1420
1455
1495
1540
1625
1670
1720
0C
10C
20C
30C
40C
PRESSURE
WEIGHT KIAS AT
TOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL
ALTITUDE
50 FT
LBS
GND
TO
CLEAR
GND
GND
TO
CLEAR
GND
GND
TO
CLEAR
TO
CLEAR
TO
CLEAR
FEET
ROLL
50 FT
ROLL
ROLL
50 FT
ROLL
ROLL
50 FT
50 FT
50 FT
CONDITIONS:
Flaps 40
Power off
Maximum braking
Paved, level, dry runway
Zero wind
LANDING DISTANCE REQUIRED
SACAA-01
PERFORMANCE GRAPHS
Page 1-24
LANDING PERFORMANCE TABLE
Figure 1-24: Landing Performance Table
SACAA-01
MASS AND BALANCE

Page 2-1
MASS AND BALANCE LOADING FORM
Weight
(lbs)
Basic Empty Weight
Pilot and Passenger
Passengers (Aft)
Fuel
1490
Arm Aft Datum

(inches)
Moment
(inch-pounds)
84.7
126203
77.8
116.6
93.0
Baggage
140.5
Total Loaded Aeroplane
NOTE: The Maximum All Up Weight of this aeroplane is 2500 lb.
Figure 2-1: Mass and Balance Loading Form
SACAA-01
MASS AND BALANCE

Page 2-2
LOADING GRAPH
FR
ON
TP
AS
S
EN
GE
500
AN
S
PA
FT
OT
EL
(6L
B/
US
G)
PIL
G
EN
FU
LOAD WEIGHT (POUNDS)
ER
400
300
AG
G
AG
200
100
10
20
30
MOMENT/1000 (POUNDS - INCHES)
Figure 2-2: Loading Graph
40
50
SACAA-01
MASS AND BALANCE

Page 2-3
CG RANGE AND WEIGHT
2500
NORMAL CATEGORY
2100
1900
UTILITY CATEGORY
1700
1500
1300
81
83
85
87
89
91
CG LOCATION - INCHES AFT OF DATUM
Figure 2-3: CG Range and Weight
93
1100
AEROPLANE WEIGHT IN POUNDS
2300

Flight AND Performance Planning: Private Pilot Licence

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Flight AND Performance Planning: Private Pilot Licence

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FLIGHT PERFORMANCE

1-1..............Airspeed System Calibration

SECTION 2 - MASS AND BALANCE

PPL Flight Planning Manual- Aeroplane

AIRSPEED SYSTEM CALIBRATION

AIRSPEED SYSTEM CALIBRATION

CALIBRATED AIRSPEED - KNOTS

INDICATED AIRSPEED - KNOTS

Figure 1-1: Airspeed System Calibration

PPL Flight Planning Manual- Aeroplane

PPL Flight Planning Manual- Aeroplane

Figure 1-2: Stall Speeds

WEIGHT - 100 LBS

2500 LBS GROSS WEIGHT

Figure 1-3: Flaps Up Take-off Ground Roll

OUTSIDE AIR TEMPERATURE - C

PPL Flight Planning Manual- Aeroplane

REFERENCE LINE - 2500 LBS

TAKE-OFF SPEEDS - KIAS

FULL THROTTLE BEFORE BRAKE RELEASE

REFERENCE LINE - WIND

FLAPS UP TAKE-OFF GROUND ROLL

FLAPS UP TAKE-OFF GROUND ROLL

TAKE-OFF GROUND ROLL - FEET

Figure 1-4: Flaps Up Take-off Performance

REFERENCE LINE - 2500 LBS

TAKE-OFF SPEEDS - KIAS

FULL THROTTLE BEFORE BRAKE RELEASE

PPL Flight Planning Manual- Aeroplane

FLAPS UP TAKE-OFF PERFORMANCE

REFERENCE LINE - WIND

FLAPS UP TAKE-OFF PERFORMANCE

TAKE-OFF DISTANCE OVER 50 FT BARRIER - FEET

Figure 1-5: 25 Flaps Take-off Ground Roll

REFERENCE LINE - 2500 LBS

REFERENCE LINE - WIND

FULL THROTTLE BEFORE BRAKE RELEASE

PPL Flight Planning Manual- Aeroplane

TAKE-OFF SPEEDS - KIAS

25 FLAPS TAKE-OFF GROUND ROLL

25 FLAPS TAKE-OFF GROUND ROLL

TAKE-OFF GROUND ROLL - FEET

Figure 1-6: 25 Flaps Take-off Performance

REFERENCE LINE - 2500 LBS

TAKE-OFF SPEEDS - KIAS

FULL THROTTLE BEFORE BRAKE RELEASE

PPL Flight Planning Manual- Aeroplane

REFERENCE LINE - WIND

25 FLAPS TAKE-OFF PERFORMANCE

25 FLAPS TAKE-OFF PERFORMANCE

TAKE-OFF DISTANCE OVER 50 FT BARRIER - FEET

PPL Flight Planning Manual- Aeroplane

Figure 1-7: Climb Performance

FULL THROTTLE, FLAPS UP,

PPL Flight Planning Manual- Aeroplane

Figure 1-8: Time, Distance and Fuel to Climb

CLIMB AT FULL THROTTLE

TIME, DISTANCE AND FUEL TO CLIMB

TIME, DISTANCE AND FUEL TO CLIMB

Figure 1-9: Engine Performance

PPL Flight Planning Manual- Aeroplane

FUEL FLOW - GALLONS PER HOUR