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TolerancingSystem
Inanassemblyprocessthedegreeof"clearance"or"tightness"desiredbetweenmatingpartsisimportant.
Inamanufactureofamachine,qualityisaprimaryconsideration.Manufacturingprecisiontakenintotheproductdeterminesitsquality,itscostand
sellingprice.
Partsofamachinearedesignedinordertomakeafunction.Theworkingpartshaveadefiniterelationshipwitheachother:freerotation,free
longitudinalmovement,clampingaction,permanentfixedposition.Precisionisthedegreeofaccuracynecessarytoensurethefunctioningofapartas
intended.
Therearetwotypesofsurfaces:
1)Nonmatingpartsleftintheiroriginalroughcastform
2)Matingpartsaremachinedtopropersmoothnessandmustbeatcorrectdistancefromeachother.Sogreatermanufacturingprecisionisrequired
forthesesurfaces.Howeverbecauseofimpossiblitytomakeadistancetoanabsolutesizesomevariationmustbeallowed.
TOLERANCEistheallowablevariationforanygivensizeinordertoachiveaproperfunction.

Basicsize:1.500in
Toleranceontheshaft:0.002in
Toleranceontheslot:0.001in
Allowance:0.004(tightestpossiblefitmaximummateriallimit)

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Cumulativetoleranceeffect:Dimensionswillvaryinpositionbythesumofthetolerances.Thisdifficultycanbeeliminatedbydimensioningfrom
oneposition(baselinedimensioning)

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Typicaltolerancesavailablewithspecificmachiningoperations
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Aclearancefit(theshaftisalwayssmallerthanthehole)
Toleranceonshaft:0.002
Toleranceonhole:0.002
minimumclearance:1.5001.495=0.005in
maximumclearance:1.5021.493=0.009in
clearance0.005inforthetightestpossiblefit

Aninterference(force)fit(whentheshaftisalwayslargerindiameterthan
theholepartsmustbeassembledbypressureorheatexpansion)
Toleranceonshaft:0.001
Toleranceonhole:0.001
minimumclearance:2.0002.003=0.003in(thetightestfit0.003in
interference)
maximumclearance:2.0012.002=0.001in(theloosestfit0.001in
interference)
Maximumclearance=Minimuminterference
Minimumclearance=Maximuminterference

Atransitionfitexistwhenthemaximumclearanceispositiveandthe
minimumclearanceisnegative
Toleranceonshaft:0.005
Toleranceonhole:0.005
minimumclearance:1.0001.007=0.007in(thetightestfit0.007in
interference)
maximumclearance:1.0051.002=0.003in(theloosestfit0.003in
clearance)
Transitionfitsareusedonlyforlocatingashaftrelativetoahole,where
accuracyisimportantbuteitheraclearanceoraninterferenceispermitted.

StandardizedTolerances
Weusestandardizedtolerancesforfitsofparts.
CylindricalFits:
Decimalinchsystem,basedonANSIStandard(B4.11967(1979))
Millimetersystem(ISO),basedonANSIStandard(B4.21978)
ANSIAmericanNationalStandardsInstitute
ISOInternationalOrganizationforStandardization
BasicHoleSystem:(Nominal)sizeisgiventoHole
BasicShaftSystem:(Nominal)sizeisgiventoshaft
Basic(orNormal)HoleSystem:Holedia.constant,shaftdia.changingeithersmallerorlargertosatisfytherequiredfit(minholedia.alwaysnominal
size)
Basic(Normal)ShaftSystem:Shaftdia.constant,holedia.canbesmallerorlargertosatisfytherequiredfit(maxshaftalwaysnominalsize)
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NormalHoleSystemispreferedbecauseofavailabilityofdrillsandreamersinmachineshop.Butforatransmissionsystembearingsmustfitthe
shaftsoshaftsystemisused.
Decimalinchsystem,basedonANSIStandard(B4.11967(1979))
ThelettersymbolsareusedinANSIStandard
RC,runningorslidingfit
LC,locationalclearancefit
LT,locationatransitionfit
LN,locationalinterferencefit
FN,forceorshrinkfit
RC#(Thelettersymbolsareusedinconjunctionwithnumbers)
thelowerRCnumbersarethetighterfits
thehighernumbersarethelooserfits
FN4Representsacompletefit(class4forcefit)

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Appendix8A:RunningandSlidingFits

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Appendix8B:LocationalClearanceFits
Appendix8C:LocationalTransitionalFits
Appendix8D:LocationalInterferenceFits

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Appendix8E:ForceFits

EXAMPLE

RC6fit

Nominalsize:1in.
NominalSizeRange
0.711.19
(NominalSize:1in)

Limitsof StandardLimits
Clearance HoleH9 Shafte8
1.6
+2.0
1.6
4.8
0
2.8

1.00000.9984=0.0016(clearance)
1.00200.9972=0.0048(clearance)
Appendix8A,page661

FN4fit

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Nominalsize:2in.
Standard
Nominal
Limitsof Limits
Size
Clearance Hole Shaft
Range
H9 e8
(Nominal 2.3
+1.2 +4.2
Size:
4.2
0
+3.5
2in)
2.00002.0042=0.0042(interferance)
2.00122.0035=0.0023(interferance)
Appendix8E,page666

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ANSIStandart(b4.21978)relatedtoISOstandarts
InISOSystemlettersareusedtoshowdifferenttypesoffitsaccordingtodeviationfrom0line.
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HoletolerancesareshownwithcapitalletterAZ
Shafttolerancesareshownwithsmalllettersaz
Qualityoftolerancesisgivenwitha#(H7,g6,m6,k8)

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Quality15(measuringinstruments)
Quality511(mechanicalparts)
Quality1118(coarsework)

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Appendix9A:BasicHoleClearanceFits
Appendix9B:BasicHoleTransitionandInterferenceFits
Appendix9C:BasicShaftClearanceFits
Appendix9D:BasicShaftTransitionandInterferenceFits

EXAMPLE

H7s6fit

Basic Tolerance

dia. pos&#
60.030
H7
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60.000

60

60.072
60.053

s6

Interferencefit
60.03060.053=0.023(maxfit)
60.00060.072=0.072(minfit)
Appendix9B,page671

h9D9fit
Basic Tolerance

dia. pos&#
h9

25.000
24.948

D9

25.117
25.065

25

Clearancefit
25.06525.000=0.065(maxfit)
25.11724.948=0.169(minfit)
Appendix9C,page672
Copyright2003,MiddleEastTechnicalUniversity

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