Igneous Rock Chart

Rock Name

Texture

Cooling Rate

Where Cooled

Rock Color

Basalt

Fine

Quickly

Extrusive

Dark Grey

Gabbro

Coarse

Slowly

Intrusive

Shiny Grey

Diorite

Coarse

Slowly

Intrusive

Black and White

Granite

Coarse

Slowly

Intrusive

Pink, Black and

White

Obsidian

Glassy

Super-Fast

Extrusive

Black

Rhyolite

Fine

Quickly

Extrusive

Pink-red

Scoria

Vesicular

Quickly

Extrusive

Brown-red

Pumice

Fine/Vesicular

Quickly

Extrusive

White (really
lightweight)

Andesite
(Porphyry)

Porphyritic

Both

Both

Grey With Black

Spots

Peridotite

Coarse

Slowly

Intrusive

Dark Grey/Black

Igneous Texture Chart

Textures

How Formed

Where Formed Crystal Size

Plutonic or
Volcanic

Coarse

Cools slowly

Intrusive (deep
down)

Large

Plutonic

G
(5
p

Fine

Cools Quickly

Extrusive (at or
near the
surface)

Small (Barely
Visible)

Volcanic

P
B

Porphyritic

Part cooled
Deep Down and A Few large crystals
slowly, then the near the surface within a rock with
rests cooled
small crystals
quickly

Both

Vesicular

Cooled quickly
with gassy air
bubbles

Small

Volcanic

P
(v

Glassy

Cools super-fast Extrusive (at

surface)

Microscopic

Volcanic

Extrusive (at
surface)

Igneous Rock Mineral Classification

Mineral Composition

Color

Composition

Examples

Felsic

Light

Silicates: Feldspar, Quartz

Granite, Rhyolite, Obsidian

Intermediate

50%/50%

Both

Diorite

Mafic

Dark

Iron and Magnesium

Basalt, Gabbro, Scoria

Ultramafic

Very Dark

Very rich in Iron and

Magnesium

Peridotite, some Basalts