MTODOS DE INTEGRACIN

I. INTEGRACIN POR CAMBIO DE VARIABLE

Problema 1
dx

x(x 999 +1)

Haciendo: u =

1
1
du = dx
x
x2
dx
1

x( )
( )(du )
2
xdx
u
x
=
=
2
999
999
1
x (x
+1)
x
+1
( )999 +1

xdx
=
2
x (x 999 +1)

1
u

u999 ( )du
=

u998du
1+ u999

1+ u999
Haciendo: w = 1+ u999 dw = 999u998du
dw

= u998du
999
xdx
1 dw
1
=
=
ln w + C
999 w
999
x 2 (x 999 +1)

dx

999 + C

dx

1 999
+C

x(x 999 +1) = 999 ln 1+ u

x(x 999 +1) = 999 ln 1+ ( x )

dx

x(x 999 +1)

1
999

ln

x 999 +1
+C
x 999

Problema 2
x +1
x x 1 dx

x +1
x 1

dx =

x +1 dx
x 1 x

1+

dx

x 1 x

Haciendo:

u2 = 1+

x 1 =

2
u2 1

x 1
Tambin:
2
2
u2 = 1+
2 udu =
dx
x 1
(x 1)2

(x 1)2 udu = dx (

2
)2 udu = dx
2
u 1
2

x +1
x 1

dx =

2
(
udu)
2 1
u

2
u
2
+1
2
u 1

x +1
x 1

dx = (u)

4
udu
2
(u 1)2

u2 +1
u2 1

x +1

x +1

x 1

x 1

dx = 4 (u2 )

dx = 4

du
2
(u +1)(u2 1)

u2 du

u4 1

Por fracciones parciales:

u2
u4

A
B
Cu+D
+
+
u+1 u 1 u2 +1

u2 = A(u 1)(u2 +1)+B(u+1)(u2 +1) +(Cu+D)(u 1)(u+1)

Si: u = 1 1 = 4B B =

1
4

Si: u = 1 1 = 4A A =
Si: u = 0 0 = (

1
4

1
1
1
)+
D D=
4
4
2

Si: u=2

4=(

1
1
1
)(1)(5)+( )(3)(5)+(2C+ )(1)(3)
4
4
2

C=0

1
1
1
= 4 + 4 + 2
u4 1 u+1 u 1 u2 +1
u2

x +1

x +1

x +1

x +1

x +1

x 1
x 1

x 1
x 1
x 1

dx = 4

u2 du

u4 1

dx =

1 du 1 du 1
du
+
+

2
4 u+1 4 u 1 2 u +1

dx =

1 d(u+1) 1 d(u 1) 1
du
+
+

4 u+1
4 u 1
2 u2 +1

dx =

1
1
1
ln u+1 + ln u 1 + arctan(u) + C
4
4
2

dx =

1 u 1 1
ln
+ arctan(u) + C
4 u+1 2
x +1

1
x x 1 dx = 4 ln
x +1

x 1
x +1
x 1

x +1
x 1

dx =

1
ln
4

1
+1

1
x +1
+ arctan(
)+ C
2
x 1

1
x +1
+ arctan(
)+ C
x 1
x +1 + x 1 2

x +1 x 1

Problema 3

1+ ax dx

Haciendo: u2 = 1+ ax = 1+ e x ln a

 2udu = e x ln a ln a dx
ax

dx =

2udu
ax

u2 1
1+ ax dx =

1+ ax dx =

ln a

u2

2udu
(u2 1)ln a
2udu
(u2 1)ln a

u2du

ln a u2 1

2
ln a

u2 1+1du
u2 1

2
du
du + 2

ln a
u 1
2
1 ua
1+ ax dx =
u+ ln
+C
ln a
2 u+ a
1+ a x dx =

1+ a x dx =

1+ ax a
2
1
1+ ax + ln
+C
x +a
ln a
2
1+
a

Problema 4

3 x +1dx

Haciendo: u3 = x + 1 3u2du = dx
3
x 3 x +1dx = (u3 1) u3 (3u2du)

3 3
3
x x +1dx = 3 u (u 1) du
6
3
3
x x +1dx = 3 u du 3 u du

3 x +1dx = 3 u7 3 u4 + C
7
4
3
3
x 3 x +1dx = (x +1)7/3 (x +1) 4/3 + C
7
4

Problema 5

ex

dx

1+ 1 + e x
Haciendo: u2 =1+ e x 2udu = e x dx
ex
2udu

1+ 1 + e x
ex

dx =

dx = 2

1 + u2

udu

1+ u
1+ 1+ e x
Haciendo: t 2 =1+ u 2tdt = du

ex
1 + 1+ e x
ex

1+ 1+ e x
ex
1+ 1+ e x

dx = 2

(t 2 1)(2tdt)
t2

dx = 4 (t 2 1)dt
dx =

4 3
t 4t + C
3

ex
1+ 1+ e x

dx =

4
( 1+ u)3 4 1+ u + C
3

4
( 1+ 1+ e x )3 4 1+ 1 + e x + C
3
II. INTEGRACIN DE FUNCIONES QUE
CUADRADO PERFECTO
=

CONTIENEN

UN

TRINOMIO

Problema 1
(6 2x)

8 4x 4x 2

dx

d(8 4x 4x 2 ) = ( 4 8x)dx

=
=

(28 4 8x)

8 4x 4x 2
28

8 4x 4x 2

dx
dx +

(4 8x)
8 4x 4x 2

dx

1 d(8 4x 4x 2 )

1 1
dx + 8 4x 4x 2
4 2
1 1
1
8 4x 4x 2
8 4(x 2 + x + )
9 4(x + )2
4 4
2
1
x+
7
1
1
2 ) + 1 8 4x 4x 2 + C
=7
dx +
8 4x 4x 2 = arcsen(
3
8
2
8
3
1
2 ( )2 (x + )2
2
2
2

=7

dx +

2x +1

=7

8 4x 4x 2 + C
= arcsen(
)+
8
2
3

Problema 2
2x + 7

x2 + 2x + 5dx
d(x 2 + 2x + 5) = (2x + 2)dx

d(x 2 + 2x +5)
1
2x + 2 + 5
2x + 2
5
dx =
dx +
dx =
+5
dx
2
2
2
2
x + 2x + 5
(x +1)2 + 22
x + 2x +5
x + 2x + 5
x + 2x + 5

x +1
1
= ln (x 2 + 2x +5) +5 arctan(
)+ C
2
2
5
x +1
= ln (x 2 + 2x +5) + arctan(
)+ C
2
2

Problema 3
cos x

sen2 x 6sen x +5dx

d(sen2 x 6sen x + 5) = (2sen x cosx 6cos x)dx
1 2sen x cos x 6cos x 2sen x cos x
=
dx
6
sen2 x 6sen x + 5

1 2sen x cos x 6cos x

1
2sen x cos x
dx
dx

2
6 sen x 6sen x +5
6 sen2 x 6sen x + 5

Haciendo: u = sen x du = cos x dx

u du
1 d(sen2 x 6sen x + 5) 2
+
=
2
2
6 sen x 6sen x + 5
6 u 6u + 5
1
1
u du
= ln sen2 x 6sen x +5 +
+C
2
6
3 u 6u + 5

Por fracciones parciales:

u
u
A
B
=
=
+
u2 6u + 5 (u 5)(u 1) u 5 u 1
u = A(u 1) + B(u 5)
Si: u = 1 1 = 4B B =
Si: u = 5 5 = 4A A =

1
4

5
4

1
1 5 du 1 du
= ln sen2 x 6sen x +5 +

+C
6
3 4 u 5 4 u 1
1
5
1
= ln sen2 x 6sen x +5 + ln u 5 ln u 1 + C
6
12
4
1
5
1
= ln sen2 x 6sen x + 5 + ln sen x 5 ln sen x 1 + C
6
12
4
III. INTEGRACIN POR PARTES

Problema 1

cos (ln x) dx
1.
e dx
x arcsenx
2.
1 x dx
2

x 1

dx
arctan

4x

DE
III. INTEGRACIN
TRIGONOMTRICAS
3.

1.
2.

FUNCIONES

x
dx
6
5
cos (2 x 1) dx

csc

4.

tan x sec
tan x dx

I.

INTEGRACIN POR SUSTITUCIN TRIGONOMTRICA

1.

3.

2.
3.
4.
5.

II.

xdx

2x 5

dx
4x x2
dx
( x 2 2 x + 5)2

(16 9 x 2 )3/ 2
dx
x6
dx
( x 2 2 x + 1)( x 2 2 x)1/2
dx
Calcule
mediante la sustitucin x = 2 arctan u
senx + cos x
INTEGRACIN POR FRACCIONES PARCIALES

1.
2.
3.
4.

x
dx
1)( x 2 + 4)
sec2 x
tan 3 x + tan 2 x dx
( x 3 + x 1)
( x 2 + 2)2 dx
( x 7 + x3 )
x12 2 x 4 + 1 dx

(x