Canan AYTEN

18/10/2004

9914185

Monday 15.30

EEE 321
ELECTROMECHANICAL ENERGY CONVERSION 1
EXPERIMENT #1
VOLTAGE AND CURRENT WAVEFORMS,HYSTERESIS LOOP AND
PARAMETER DETERMINATION OF A SINGLE-PHASE POWER
TRANSFORMER
A. OBJECT OF THE EXPERIMENT:
The main object of this experiment is to investigate the properties of a single-phase
transformer. The first step is to observe the primary voltage and current waveforms at various
levels of applied voltages. Also the core losses are to be determined by the use of hysteresis
loop. The second step is to calculate the parameters of the equivalent of the transformer from
results of the open-circuit, short-circuit tests. The equivalent circuit is then used to calculate
the primary current for a resistive load and a comparision is made between the calculated and
the measured values.
B. RESULTS OF THE EXPERIMENT:
1. Open-Circuit Test Results,
V (Primary)
220
200
180
150
100
50
P.F. = CosX =

I (A)
0,75
0,52
0,37
0,24
0,1
0,05

V (Secondary)
22
20
18,5
16
12
8

P (W)
45
35
25
17,5
7,5
2,5

Poc
45
=
= 0.272 Lagging ;
VocIoc 220 * 0.75

Where X is the angle teta between voltage and current

X = Cos-1(0.272) = 74.17
|YE|=

Ioc 0,75
=
= 3.4*10-3
Voc
220

YE = GC jBM = (0.9 j3.27) mOhms

1

RC =

XM =

1
1
=
= 1111.1 Ohms
Gc 0.0009

1
1
= 0.00327 = 305.8 Ohms

Bm

2.Short-Circuit test results,

I (Primary)
2,2
1,7
1,31
1,1
0,15

P.F. = Cos X =

I (Secondary)
20
15
12,5
7,5
5

P(W)
20
12,5
7,5
5
2,5

Psc
20
=
VscIsc 10 * 2.2

= 0.9 Lagging

X = Cos -1( 0.9) = 25

|ZSE| =

Vsc 10
=
Isc 2.2

= 4.5

ZSE = REQ + jXEQ

ZSE = 4.05 +j1.9 Ohms
3.

+2

-2

Capacitor Voltage Waveform

+0,2

-0,2
Transformer's Current Waveform

+2

+0,4

Hysteresis Loop

A
W
220 V
50 Hz

Pri.

Sec.

Fig.1. Short-Circuit Test

W
220 V
50 Hz

Pri.

Sec.

Resistive
or
Inductive
Load

Fig.2. Load Test

220 V
50 Hz

120K
Y
0-275 AutoTransformer

B
0,39F

W
V

2,2 Ohms

Pri.

Sec.

E
C
Fig.3. Hysteresis Loop and Open-Circuit test Test

EQUIPMENT
Single-phase Variac
Voltmeter, 0-130V
Ammeter, 0-6A
Wattmeter,0-5A, 0-60V