, 2008...............................................


.
. . .
. .
.

...
,
...
(Fayet R. 2003, 102)

...


...
Taeke de Jong
(Ed van Hinte, 2007, 78)

...


...
(Ed Van Hinte 2007, 14)

...
,
,
....
Rem oolhas
( el croquis OMA/Rem Koolhaas 1987-1993 xos 53,19)

...........................................................................................................9
1. ........................................................................................................11
2. ....................................................................................15
3. ...............................................................27
3.1. ..........................................................................28
3.1.1 , , .........................................................30
3.1.2 , , ................................................................................34
3.1.3 -, , ...........................................................38
3.1.4 , ......................................................44
3.1.5
............................................................................................. 48
3.2. ........................................................................50
3.2.1 ...............................................................................52
3.2.1.1..............................................................................................53
3.2.1.2 ....................................................62
3.2.1.3 .....................................................................................68
..........................................................................................70
...............................................................................71
().......................................................72
..........................................................................................73
- ........................................................74
Scrap House....................................................................................78
Villa we lpe lo....................................................................................81
3.2.2 ....................................................................................82
3.2.2.1 Containe r........................................................................................82
3.2.2.2 ......................................................................90
3.2.2.3 , .........................................................94

4. ........................................................................97
4.1
4.2
,
.......................................................................................97
4.3 .......................................................................99
5. H ......................................................................100
5.1. .................................100
5.2. . .................................................................................102
5.3.
...............................................................................105
5.4. ...........................................................106
5.5. .......................................................112
6. ..............................................................................................118
7. .....................................................................................................126
...........................................................................................................137
...................................................................................................138

,
, .
,
.
.

.
, ,
,
.
,
,
.(Sustainable London, 2007)
( ) ,
(ene rgy from waste).

. ,
, ,

.
, ,
, (.
).
,
, ,
,
.
...

10

1.

,
.
,
, ,
,
.
1. ( )
,
.
,
. (..

), (..
), (..
).
, ,
.

Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC)

:
,


. ,
, ,
, , , ,
. ( ., . 2003, 419)

11

12

.
, ,
.
,

. (http://www.oikologio.gr)
,
,
, ,
, .
.

.
.
,
, . O
:
, , , ,
,
, , , , .
, ,
,
.
,
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, .


, .
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),

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,

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.

, ,
.
, -
.

,

.

13

14

, A

2.

.
,
, .
.
,
. O spolia
2.

.
. spolia 4
,
.

, ,
.
, .
( 12. )
spolia, ,
,
(1011-1012)
: , ,
(. 2001, 250) .

(10601070), . ,

,


( 1431..) ,

.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spolia)

2

, .(
2005,15)

15

, ,
.
Kairouan 414

. (www.wikipedia.com) Cordoba
. (Ettinghausen,Grabar1994,132) .
(14 -16 )
. Santa Maria degli Angeli e de i
Martiri .
, Miche lange lo
Buonarroti 16 .


() ( ). ,

, ,
.
,
. ,
.

Santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri

16

Kairuan, ,
, 9

-spolia

 ,
. (,
)
.
.
.
1851 Hyde Park C rystal Palace ,
Joseph Pax ton,
1851
. (564 ,
124 ) Syde nham Hill,
1854 1936, .

,
,
,
. (Kenneth Frampton1999, 41) .
.
,
,
.
,
,
.

Cordoba, , ,
al-Mansur,987

T Crystal Palace

17

18

.
,
,
. (http://www.wasteonline.org.uk/resources/InformationSheets/HistoryofWaste.htm)


.


.


. .
,
,
-
.
.

1970. ( hippies)


.
Duchamp
.


(Nouveau Ralisme)
Tableau-Piges Daniel Spoe rri,
Raimond Hains,
Poubelles () Arman, 1960

Plein Gale rie Iris Cle rt , Cesar

Jean Tingue ly
() ()
. 50 60 Ettore
Colla o Pino Pascali . 1961
Pie tro Manzoni Me rde d artiste.
Joseph Beuys
. (Ponte A. 2006, 11)
1967 Arte Pove ra ( )
, Giovanni Anse lmo, Alighie ro
Boe tti, Paolo Calzolari, Luciano Fabro, Pie ro Gilardi, Jannis Koune llis, Giuse ppe
Penone, , (www.tate.org.uk/collections).

.
.

Marcel Duchamp
readymades.
Bicycle Wheel
.

21
readymades
1915

1923.

readymades

.
Fountain, 1917

Bicycle wheel

Pablo Picasso

Yannis Kounnelis, Untitled.2006

Courtesy Cheim & Read, New York.

19

 60

,
.
60 Alfred Heineken
3 , ,
, Bidonvilles
.
, ,

, WO rld B ttles
,
, - . John Habraken 1962
Heineken Te chnisch Behee r 1965
.

, .

,

(Pawley Martin, 1973, 769).
,
,
. (Pawley 1975,29)

100 W 8 .
http://www.kathimerini.gr/4dcgi/_w_articles_kathcommon_100001_06/11/2007_1287046

20

 1965 , , Drop
C ity,
Gene Be rnofsk y JoAnn Be rnofsk y, R ichard Kallwe it
C la rk R iche rt. ,
, drop
art4
. Buckminste r
Fulle r Ste ve Bae r
(domes)
.
(domes
zomes5) . (Kahn

Drop City

1970,9).

Drop Art ( " droppings ") " happenings " Allan Kaprow
performances, , John Cage, Robert Rauschenberg Buckminste r
Fuller Black Mountain College.
5
dome .
domes , . zomes
( ) .

21

 70

70

. hippies


.

.

(Martin Pawley, 1976)

. (Fuhrmann Ernst 1979,Futures)

6 , ,
,
.

.. , , .

1,

25 2 1700

, .
,
.
80.000.000.000 , 10.000
1402 (

) 8.000.00 0

.
8.000.000.000 , 800.000 .

22

(Martin Pawley,1976)

 Fourgonette .
1972 Unidad
- ,
,

.
2C V Fourgone tte, C itroe n Chile na SA,
Santiago,
.

.


(. WO BO-Proje ct)
.

.

Fourgonette
project

23

 ,
,

. , ,

. , ,

( )
, ,
( ) .
,
.
,
(Sinclair 2006, 138) .
, ,
.
, , ,
, ( Fave las),
(Jamaica, Trinidad, Haiti).

24

25

26

3.

:
-
- -
. (Asam,Claus 2005, 2-1)

,
.
,
,
.
(Demontage Bauteilrecycling)
.
,

.

: ,
(.
).

. (Ed Van Hinte 2007, 112)
(Baustoffrecycling)
. .

27

3.1.

28

(), .


, , , .
( 2000, 147) .
.
,
.( . 2006, 18) . ,

.

, .
( 2001/117/)
:
1. ,
2. ,
3. ,
4. , (, ,
, , , , , , ,
)
5. ,

.

29

3.1.1,

30

 , ,

,

. 1000 C.

.
,
.
,
.
,
,
.(http://www.ecoconstruction.org/env_impact.html).
( Gaudi)

To 53% , 26 % , 14%
7%.
,
.

2000C,

.
(http://www.ecoconstruction.org/env_impact.html) .
.

31

Plattenbau

. , ,
PFA (Pulve rised Fue l Ash / Fly-Ash)- - ,
.
,
( be ton 3-4
). be ton
,
. ,
, .
,
,
,
.

,
, (Plattenbau)
.
, 1/3

.
,
(e lemental re cycling), , Claus Asam
, ,
,.
Me throw He rve Bie le,
. ,
.

.

32

Plattenbau

(Asam,Claus 2005, 2-1),

30-40%
,
.

.. , (5
) . (Fischer, Jan Otakar, 2006, 76)

.
( ) . ,
, 20%
.
, .

33

3.1.2

34

.
,
, ,
-pane l ,
, . i


MDF (Me dium Density
Fibreboard) O SB (O riented Strand Board,

)

( ).

.


,

.
, ,
,
.
( http://www.ecoconstruction.org/env_impact.html)

, , (
).

. ,
.
, .

.
( )
.

(. 2000,http://haris.jappee.com+/diplomatiki/5k1_1b.html)

35

2004,
wood waste dive rsion Fort
O rd California
California .(www.lifecyclebuilding.org)

(mobile lead based Paint (LBP)
Removal System).

36

2012 Archite cts
worm ,
. 2012 Archite cts

,
.
2 .



. (www.superuse.org)
Y

96% (
2000 152)

( )

.
( )
Studio He t Obse rvatorium

Nieuw Te rbre gge
.(Ed van Hinte 2007, 24)

37

3.1.3. M

38

( , ,
)
( ) (
). ( 2005,16)

,
,
.
( 14 k wh/kg) 5%
, , (
).
, 60%
.
,
, 95%
( ). (http://www.elval.gr)
,
70 cm
2003 Jan korbes
2012-archite cts , . (www.superuse.com)

39

Big D ig H ouse

()
, , .
, , ,
.
30%
. (http,://www.ecoconstruction.org/env_impact.html)
100% .
, 25% (
).
.
1.114 , 635 , 55
. (http://www.steelframebuild.com/whysteel_gr.html.)

big dig house .
(Big dig house) Lex ington, 2006,
600,000 lbs ( )
,
, .
ng: ,
. ,
.
(http://www.boston.com/realestate/news/articles/2006/03/26/the_house_that_the_central_artery_bui lt/)

40

Archite cten C ie
bar - re staurant.
(http://www.architectenweb.nl/aweb/redactie/reda
ctie_detail.asp?iNID=10918)

41

,
.
2,6 , 0,31 (12%)

.
.
,
, 75%
, ,
. ( )
95%
.

. ,
,
. (http://diocles.civil.duth.gr/links/home/museum/mater/metal/copper.doc)

42

Nemo Museum
Amsterdam

Salzburg, Au stria

43

3.1.4 ,

44

Rubble House

,
,
. ,
, (
) .

1999, Mike Lawless Mark Whitby Rubble House

Transitional Housing Competition for Refugees Returning from Kosovo (Sinclair
2006, 117),
,
, .

.
, .

.
R ubble House .
.
,
. ,
, ,
.
.
.
To 2000, Essex ,
, , ,
Spacex Galle ry.

45

Dominus Wine ry, Sandbag Solutions

Dominus winery
California (1995-1998) Herzog de
euron.

,
,
-
,

,

.

(http://www.floornature.com/articoli/articolo.php?id=12&sez=3&lang=en

proje ct Sandbag Solutions Nader Khalili

, ,
.
,

,

,
. (Richardson P. 2007, 100)

proje ct Khalili NASA,
,
.

, Khalili
, .

,
,
.
.
. ,
( ,

46

Sandbag Solutions

).
,
.

.
,
,
,
.

,
Darfur, Khalili
Call
Earth,
.
.

, Aleppo
.

47

3.1.5

48

BR E, AAABIERTA

BRE (British Research

Establishment)
,
96% .

: . ,
.
. ( 200, 151)
80.000
100 .

To 2004 Santiago Cirugeda

( ESAYA-Esccue la Supe rior
de Arte y Archite ctura,
) Fine Arts and
Archite cture Granada unive rsity
AAABIERTA
,
.




.

2007
25 .( ed van Hilde 2007, 60)

49

3.2

50

, .
,
. , , ,

, ,
(
). ,
.
, , ,
.
,
.

51

3.2.1

3.2.1.1.

52

3.500
50.000 ,
4 . .
, 24.
,
10.000 . ( . 2003, www.enet.gr)
(1915)
5.000.000 . 40
, 200.000.000 .
,
.
,
, ,
.
:
, -
( - - ).
, ()

. (www.ecotec.gr)

53

Pape rcre te

papercrete. Portland,
-. (260 psi), ,
( R 2.8 )
(www.livinginpaper.com)

, . , ,
, ,
,
. ,
, .
.

15-25%. 50% Portland 50%
, 3 5%.
, ,
.
, .
pape rcre te (pane ls, ,
-).
.
Kaolinite .

,
. ,
,
pape rcre te.

(disposable archite cture),

54

Pape rcre te, Carriage House

, ..
,

,

.

ce llulose fibres
,


.
,
, ,

.
,
,
, . (www.livinginpaper.com)

60%
Portland
40%

portland

50% Portland
50%

To Carriage House ,
. ,
(earthbags)
papercrete ,
. 81 ..
,

.

55

Cardboard House

cardboard , ,
( , )
. , 3 mm, ,
, , .
, .

( ).
,
.
Houses of
the Future , , 19 31
2005, Cardboard House
Stutchbury and Pape.
85% - panels
(cardboard) Vizy, ,
(2
6 )
, .
39 30.000 .
(http://www.housesofthefuture.com.au/hof_houses04.html#whywould)

56

Warm ce l,

,
(WA RMCEL). , ,
20
.
0.036 W/m K,
- .
100%
,

. , C FCs, VOCs

.
timbe r-frame ,
.
(http://www.excelfibre.com/building/products3.html
http://www.naturalbuilding.co.uk/)

(pape r tubes) Shingeru Ban. Pompidou
Piano Roge rs , Shinge ru 2004
115 ..
. O SB
, PTFE PVC. (www.shigerubanarchitects.com)

57

Pape r Log Houses

1995,
, ,
, obe ,
. Shigeru Ban

.
52 2.000$.
(www.shigerubanarchitects.com)

Shigeru Ban
(PTS). ,
( )

. ,
.
.
paper log
, , ,
.

.
. Ban:
, ,
.
(www.designboom.com/history/ban_paper.html)

.
,
.
,
,
.
16 .

.

58

Pape r Log Houses

Kobe ,


.
3x 6m,
(18 16),



.

:

fibe rglass ,


. (www.designboom.com/history/ban_paper.html)
Pape r Log Houses
2001
,
.

, .

.

bamboo

bamboo .
:

bamboo,

.
,
.

,
.
(www.shigerubanarchitects.com)

59

Pape r Church

Shigeru Ban
Kobe ,
.

5 160 .
,

,
(
pape r logs)
proje ct.

, ,
.
:
80 (
58 , 5 , 330
. 15 .).



.
,
, ,
,
.
(www.designboom.com/history/ban_paper.html)

60

Cutting-Edge Cardboard

Cottrell & Vermeulen A rchitecture

2000 Essex ,
Cutting-Edge Cardboard

.

cardboard ,
,
origami. (Richardson P. 2007, 92)

,

origami ,
Simon Patte rson.
te trapack ,
,
,
BBC .
,
, ,
.
,
, , ,
. ,

, . ,
Shige ru Ban
,

(Richardson P. 2007, 92).

.

61

3.2.1.2.

62

,
, .
, ,
.
,
,
.
, , ,
.

: ,
,
. (http://www.ecotec.gr/article.php?ID=94)
,
,
, .

, .
.

. , ,
,
.


. (
) . (Ed Van Hinte
2007, 130)

.
,
. ,
15
. 15
,
, .
(Ed Van Hinte, 2007, 120)

63

Masons Be nd Community Cente r

, Masons
Bend Community Center Alabama Rural Studio. 80
GMC 1980.
.
, .
( , )
,

, .
, .

, . (Ed Van Hinte 2007, 120)

64

 Duchi

2012
A rchitects Duchi ,
130 Audi 100, .
,
.
, , 40
.

Duchi

90% .
.
(Ed Van Hinte 2007, 120)

65

Earthship

1970, Michael Reynolds ,

, Earthship, .
: ,
, . 7
,
, 8. ,
, .

. , ,
,
.
, ,
. (Ed Van Hinte 2007, 128) :

. , ,
. ,
9
.

.
, ,
. ,
. ,
, ,
.
,
, ,
. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthship) .
7

250 .

. ,
.
8

66

Maison Gomme

Maison Gomme
: , , ,
8x 2.5m
The Mille Gomme 2005
,
.
.
8 x 2,5 .
.
, ,
.
.
, .
. (www.millegomme.com)

67

3.2.1.3

68

, ,
, , ,
. ,
,

.

69

Lucy House

:
.

(VOC, volatile organic
compounds).

,
. (Ed Van

Hinte 2007, 34 )

R ural Studio, 2001

Lucy House (75
)
.
20.774 .
:
,
,
.
,
.

100
( ,
),
. ,

(Sinclair C. 2006, 147) .
:
,
.
. Lucy House
- , ,
.. (E d Van H inte 2007, 34 )

70

Wochenendhouse

.....
, ,
,

,
.

Albe rt
Fre y 1932 :
-,
.
,


.
15 cm.
3
1
.

,

.

.(Ludwig Matthias
1998, 95-97)

71

Mie le Space Station

,
, ,
. ,

. 2012 A rchitects
.
WasAutoMatiek bar
(Richardson P. 2007, 72-73) . 2003
Miele Space Station,
, espre sso bar
De lft.

, . (Ed
Van Hinte 2007, 124)
,
.
.

72

Palle t House

.

,
.

, I-Beam Design,
(Palle t House) 1999,
.
A zin Valy Suzan Wines , Pallet
House .

. ,
.
(http://www.treehugger.com)

.
(
5 ),
, , .


. , modular,
, ,

.

,
.
,

, , , ,
, .
,
.
. (Sinclair C. 2006, 114)

73

(te trapak) 77% , 18%

(www.kathimerini.gr/4dcgi/_w_articles_kathcommon_100001_06/11/2007_1287046) 5%
, , , ,
.
Smart She lte r Foundation
,
, .
(www.smartshelterfoundation.org/)
. (Annunziato L. 2002, 36-37)

74

400 - 500

.

,

,
,

(
) ..
- ( Zinco)

.

,

.

(http://www.kathimerini.gr/4dcgi/_w_articles_kathcomm
on_100001_06/11/2007_1287046)

Nicolas Buckley,
Kenny Orellana Carlos A rgueda
R icardo Parma



.
(Cappelli L. 2006, 216)

75

Casa Pollo

Casa Pollo (C hicke n

House ) 34

Santiago Cirugeda


,

.

,

,



Mara
Antonia
Trujillo
. (Bohigas,
Arenas 2006, 263)

76

10 Casa Pollo
,
Construmat 2005,
. C irugeda
,
.

, Poble Nou
. 2005
30 2 ,
.
11 12
, ,
, ,
osb (oriented strand board),
(
,
). ,
, ,
. $29.000.
,
.
Casa Pollo Lacorzana, Cirugeda

35.500
1,2
$240.

10

: balos & Herreros of Madrid, Lacaton and Vassal of Paris, Gustavo

Gili of Barcelona, and Cirugeda's Recetas Urbanas (Urban Prescriptions)
11
2005

77

Scrap House

, 2 2005,
, ,
- , Scrap
House, San Fransisco.
, .
(Cary J. 2006, 81-82)

,
(
), .

,
, .

,
.
- -
. (www.publicarchitecture.org)

78

Scrap House

.
(
.)
.

,
(
). (www.scraphouse.org)

79

Scrap House

SCRAP HOUSE

80

Villa Welpelo

V IL L A W EL P EL O , 2 0 1 2 a r ch it e ct s ,2 0 0 7
2012 A rchitects Villa Welpelo
nschede , ,
70%
.

. ( Ensche de
).
- .
,
, .

40 ,
.
(www.2012architecten.nl)

81

3.2.2.
3.2.2.1. CONTAINER

82

CO NTAINER

container 1955

17
, .
containe r
,
. , , $900
, - .
( 6,5 13 )
, ,
ready-mades
,

. (www.archpaper.com/feature_articles//shipping_news.html)
containe r
, ,
hip studio
,
. (www.archpaper.com/feature_articles//shipping_news.html)
containe r
,
,

. containe r
, ,
,

. (Bohegas J. 2006, 210)
,
containe r . containe r
,
,
.
, containe r
,
. ,
.
, ,
.
containe r .
(www.archpaper.com/feature_articles//shipping_news.html)

83

CO NTAINER

Lot-ek Archite cts

M
containe r , Lot-ek
A rchitects. proje ct ,
CHK, Containe r Mall MDU.
CHK (Container Home Kit)
containe rs, 13 ,
90-270 ,
containe r.
Container Mall proje ct (
) , containe r .
MDU (Mobile Dwelling Unit) proje ct 1999
,
containe r
. MDU
,
. containe r, 13 ,
(, , , ...)
, .
, ,
MDU containe r .
(www.archpaper.com/feature_articles//shipping_news.html|)

84

Future Schack

CO NTAINER

Future Shack Godsell

containe r MDU,

. Godse ll containe r, ,
, 24 .
, ,
, containe r,
,
. (Richardson P. 2007, 150-151)
,
.
,
. Future Shack
.
(Richardson P. 2007, 150-151)

85

CO NTAINER

Containe r C ities

Container Cities
containe rs ,
. Containe r C ity
Trinity Buoy Wharf , 2001,
Nicholas Lacey and Buro Happold, . containe rs
, , 12
.
Containe r C itie s ,
, . 1 containe r = 1 ,

. ,
80%
. , .
containe r
. C onta ine r Cities
. ,
,
, , , ...
(www.containercity.com/container-city-one.html)

86

 Keetwonen, Fre itag

CO NTAINER

containe r

Keetwonen , .
TempoHousing containe r
1000 ,
. containe r, Kee twone n

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. Freitag
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87

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Dorsthor st, B.J.H.t. and T. Kowalczyk. Design for recycling. in Design for
Deconstruction and M aterials Reuse. 2002. Kar lsr uhe, Germany: CIB.
http://www.cce.ufl.edu/pdf/pr oceedings.pdf

106

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Life
Cycle
Building
C halle nge
2007
(http://www.life cyclebuilding.org/), Mark D. Webste r, Dirk M. Ke stne r, James
C . Parke r, Matthe w H. Johnson (Waltham, MAStructural Enginee rs at Simpson Gumpe rtz &
He ge r, Inc.) ,

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137

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Rubble House Sinclair 2006, 117

Dominus winery http://www.floornature .com/articoli/articolo.php?id=12&sez=3&lang=e n
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3.1.5
RE 200, 151
Santiago Cirugeda Ed van Hilde 2007, 60

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Masons Bend Community Center Ed Van Hinte 2007, 120-1
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: http://www.hapag-lloyd.com/en/21896.htm l
Container ..www.lot-ek .com
Container Lok et A rchitects:
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Container Cities: www.containe rcity.com
Keetwonen: http://www.inhabitat.com/2007/08/24/pre fab-friday-keetwonencontaine r-student-housing/
Freitag: http://www.flick r.com/photos/fre dag/
Nomadic Museum: http://www.nyc-archite cture.com/CHE/C HE-037.htm
12-container house:
http://www.notcot.com/archive s/2007/10/shipping_contai.php
3.2.2.2
: www.e dwards.af.mil
Little Trump: http://www.airportjournals.com/Photos/0305/X/0305005_3.jpg
Lot-ek A rchitects: http://www.inhabitat.com/2006/04/19/lo-teks-re cycled-airplanelibrary/, http://www.inhabitat.com /2007/05/30/boe ing-747-stude nts-pavillion-by-lotek/
3.2.2.3 ,
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