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Estimate OGIP
4000
Basic Concepts
(p/z)i
3500
3000
p/z, psia
Predict recovery
Identify drive
mechanism
Last measured
data point
2500
2000
extrapolate
1500
1000
(p/z)a
500
G=10 Bscf
Gpa=8.5 Bscf
0
0
10
11
12
GRM-Engler-09
Basic Concepts
Cumulative gas
Production @ P
p pi G p
1
z zi
G
4000
(p/z)i
3500
Last measured
data point
RFvol 1
Bga
pa zi
1
z a pi
p/z, psia
3000
2500
2000
extrapolate
1500
1000
(p/z)a
500
G=10 Bscf
Gpa=8.5 Bscf
0
0
10
11
12
GRM-Engler-09
Advanced Topics
GRM-Engler-09
Advanced Topics
Gas in solution
p
1 c e( p ) ( p i p )
z
5.615
p p / z i
Wp B w Winj B w We
G p G inj Wp R sw
G
Bg
z i
Gas injection
Water drive
component
GRM-Engler-09
G p Bg We 5.615B w Wp
G
Bg Bgi
Cumulative water
production, stb
strength
(p/z)i
(p/z)a
water drive
p/z
How to determine
We?
(p/z)a
Depletion drive
0
GRM-Engler-09
50
100
Gp/G
B gi S gr
RFwd 1
B S
ga gi
p z S gr
1 a i
z p S
a i gi
v
RFwd 1 Ev
B ga S gi
Ev
Volumetric sweep
efficiency
Gas saturation
aquifer
Original
Reservoir
boundary
ra
Invaded
zone
reservoir
ro
rt
Water
influx
Current
Reservoir
boundary
GRM-Engler-09
Given Gpn
Input data
Calculate
Calculate
Calculate
ro
pave
Guess
pok
pt
Update
Calculate
Pok+1
Gt
Calculate
Solve for
We 2
We1
Calculate
rt
We1-We2
< tol
Y
Gpn+1 = Gpn +DGp
GRM-Engler-09
GRM-Engler-09
We = 831 mstb
Sgr = 24%
4000
3500
measured
p/z,psia
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0
500
1000
1500
Gp, mscf
2000
2500
G=2.16 Bscf
GRM-Engler-09
W B
F
G e w
Et
Et
We too large
F/Et,stb
We correct
Intercept=G
E g Bg Bgi
pi p
E cf Bgi *
1 S wi
We Bw
Et
GRM-Engler-09
We = 831 mstb
4.8
4.6
y = 1.0602x + 2.1074
4.4
R2 = 0.9843
484mstb
F/Et
4.2
1,427mstb
4.0
3.8
3.6
3.4
3.2
3.0
1.0
G = 2.107 Bscf
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
We/Et
GRM-Engler-09
z
p p
1
e i
Gas expansion
+
Formation compaction
+
Water expansion
(p/z)i
p/z
Where,
c S c
w
wi
f
c
1 S
e
wi
Gas expansion
Overestimate of G
Gp
GRM-Engler-09
p w wi f i
Plotting function
1
vs G
z
(1 S )
p
wi
Volumetric (geopressured)
7000
y = -92.336x + 6532.2
R2 = 0.9979
6000
5000
Conventional
overestimates G
by > 25%!
4000
3000
G=70.7
2000
1000
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
Gp, Bcf
GRM-Engler-09
p z
S c c
p
z
1
p
i
1
f
i wi w
G
1 S
p p pz
p p pz i
i
wi
i
Revised material
Balance eq.
Geopressured
150
100
c bx10
f
-1
y, psi x10
-6
y = 13.199x - 17.511
R2 = 0.993
1
1000
75.8 Bscf
slope 13.199
50
12.5x10
0
0
x, Bscf/psi x 10
10
12
(1 S
psi
wi
1
) S
wi w
14
-3
GRM-Engler-09
Defines: c
e( p )
tw (p) wi
M[c
f ( p)
(1 S
Where,
Ctw, cumulative total water compressibility
wi
tw (p)
f ( p)
)
water expansion due to pressure depletion
the release of solution gas in the water
M M
NNP
aq
1 h / h h
nnp
n g
aq
h / h h r
r n g
r 2
aq
rr
GRM-Engler-09
p
/
z
1
p
c
i
1
1
G p p
e backcalculated p / z
ce, psi-1
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
pressure, psia
GRM-Engler-09
7000
6000
M = 2.25
p/z, psia
5000
Cf = 3.2x10-6 psi-1
4000
G = 72 Bscf
3000
2000
1000
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
Gp, Bscf
GRM-Engler-09
Expanding
Radius
p/z
Rebound
Effect
Gp
GRM-Engler-09
slope
m
D(p / z)
DG p
(p/z)i
Hydrocarbon volume
Estimate area
Vhc 43560Ah (1 Sw )
(p/z)int
p/z
TPsc 1
Vhc
*
Tsc m
m ?
2 =
m
Co
nv
e
m
nti
1
Tig
on
ht g
al
as r
res
esp
po
ons
ns
e
e
Gp
GRM-Engler-09
Gas-in-place
p 1
G i *
zi m
(p/z)i m2
CASE A
Hydrocarbon volume
TP
1
Vhc sc *
Tsc m
(p/z)
Estimate area
Vhc 43560 Ah (1 S w )
Gp
G1 G2
GRM-Engler-09
1 pi 1
p
G *
*
z int m1 z i m 2
(p/z)i m2
CASE B
Hydrocarbon volume
TP
1
Vhc sc *
Tsc m 2
(p/z)int
(p/z)
Gp
G1= G2
GRM-Engler-09
CASE C
(p/z)int
(p/z)
Gp
G1 G2
GRM-Engler-09
Example 1.8
11
0.0134
40
5.77
0.67
106
44
0.229
1131
1600
1400
Case B
1200
P/Z, psia
??
gi, cp
h, ft
cti, psi-1 x 10-4
gg
Tr , deg F
Sw, %
rw, ft.
Pi, psi
1000
800
600
400
y = -0.8367x + 552.88
R2 = 0.958
200
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
1 552.9
p
G *
660 mmscf
z int m1 .8367
m2 = 2.12 psia/mmscf
Vhc = 7.544 mmrcf
A = 70 acres
GRM-Engler-09
4500
RF = 75%
Gp = 526 mmscf
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
GRM-Engler-09
1000
measured
100
800
600
10
SIBHP, psi
Model area =
86 acres
1200
simulated
Pwf =
250 150 psia
1000
400
200
0
0
10
15
20
25
time, years
GRM-Engler-09
Problem 4
11
1400
0.0131
1200
6.22
1000
gg
0.67
Tr , deg F
103
Sw, %
44
rw, ft.
0.229
Pi, psi
1045
p/z, psia
67
h, ft
800
600
400
200
0
0
200
400
600
800
1000