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Level 3
The QR Codes
The QR codes found throughout this series can only be read by using a smart mobile device which has a QR code reader app
installed. If you dont have a QR code reader and dont know where to get one, just follow these directions:
Step 1
With your mobile device, open your App Store (Apple), Market (Android), Marketplace (Windows Mobile), or App World
(Blackberry).
Step 2
Search for QR reader and download and install any one of the apps available. There are free or paid versions. Read the reviews
and star ratings to decide which is best for you. Once installed, its ready to go.
Step 3
To scan a QR code, activate the app and center the QR code in the viewfinder as if you are going to take a picture of it. Adjust
the distance if necessary. Some code readers will scan the code automatically when its in view.
Step 4
The app should load in a few seconds. If you want to bookmark the app in your web browser for later use, follow the instructions
on your particular code reader on how to switch to your web browser.
If you are still unsure what to do, dont give up! Just go to www.primotheory.com for help or email info@primopublishing.com
Online Resources
Throughout the text of this series you will find directions given as follows:
PrimoTheory.com
Resources
Level 7
Page 10
This means to go to the website primotheory.com where you will be taken to a page containing a Resources link. From there
just follow the linksclick on Resources, which will take you to a menu with all the volume levels; click on Level 7, which
will take you to a page listing Level 7 resources by page number; finally, click on Page 10 to find the desired resource.
Be sure to visit www.primotheory.com to find links to an ever-growing list of supplemental materials for each level.
Contents
page 4
Section 1
Notation
Section 2
Section 3
Time Signatures
17
Section 4
Rests
23
Section 5
Intervals
26
Section 6
28
Section 7
Accidentals
29
Section 8
Ear Training
34
Section 9
38
Section 10
41
Level 3
Review
44
Section 1
Notation
445 445
LINE notes
SPACE notes
44544445
1
1.
4446444444444444445
S or L
S or L
S or L
S or L
S or L
S or L
S or L
S or L
445444
2.
3.
4446444444444444445
4446444444444444445
Spaces
4.
5.
note head
stem
wrong
7.
correct
wrong
8.
9.
MEMORY AID:
Replace the lowercase d and p in doctor pepper with half notes:
octor epper
Stem Direction
Notes above the middle
line have down stems:
4444
middle line
4444
46 64
h
h h h h
h h h h
or
4444444444444454
44564444564445556644566
Stem Length
The stem should extend three more
lines or spaces from the note head.
4555664
455566444444444445
455566444444444445
h
11.
Add an up stem to each note head. Make sure the stem length is correct.
12.
h.
6444
6444
h.
Placement of Dots
dot
4444444444444454
444444444444454566
Section 2
The Treble and Bass Clef
The Treble Clef
The treble clef, also called the G clef,
marks the G line on the staff.
Treble G
line 2
w
w
w
w
w
The names of the line and space notes of the treble staff:
Space Notes
Line Notes
w
w
w w
`444444 `444466
E
1.
G B D
F A C E
`44444444444444554446
`4444444444444444446
`44444444444444554446
`44444444444444554446
`44444444444444554446
w
3.
2.
4.
`466-46 6 -46 6 -46 6 -46 6 -46 6 -46 6 `466-46 6 -46 6 -46 6 -46 6 -46 6 -46 6 line G
5.
space F
space C
line F
line D
space A
line E
line F
space C
line E
line B
line G
space E
space A
bass F
w
w
w
w
w
The names of the line and space notes of the bass clef:
Space Notes
Line Notes
w
w
w w
1444444 144446
6.
7.
8.
A C E G
G B D
144444444444444554446
14444444444444444446
144444444444444554446
w
10
144444444444444554446
144444444444444554446
w
9.
1466-46 6 -46 6 -46 6 -46 6 -46 6 -46 6 1466-46 6 -46 6 -46 6 -46 6 -46 6 -46 6 `466-46 6 -46 6 -46 6 -46 6 -46 6 -46 6 `466-46 6 -46 6 -46 6 -46 6 -46 6 -46 6 1466-46 6 -46 6 -46 6 -46 6 -46 6 -46 6 1466-46 6 -46 6 -46 6 -46 6 -46 6 -46 6 line G
space C
line F
space A
line D
space G
line A
space C
line A
line B
space E
line D
space A
line G
11
brace
`44544444444
144544444444
4444
4444
double bar line
Middle C is written on a ledger line between the bass and treble staves.
`445
1445
ledger line
`44
144
`44
144
12
Drawing Middle C
When drawing middle C on the treble clef, the distance between the ledger line and
line 1 should be the same as the distance between the other lines of the staff.
`45
w
12.
13.
Practice drawing middle Cs on this staff. Place the ledger line along the dotted line.
14.
`4444444444444
`4444444444444
15.
`44
144
13
When drawing middle C on the bass clef, the distance between the ledger line and
line 5 should be the same as the distance between the other lines of the staff.
145
16.
Practice drawing middle Cs on this staff. Place the ledger line along the dotted line.
18.
14444444444444
14444444444444
19.
`44
144
14
`4444
20.
w
D
`4444444444444444445`4444444444444444445w
14444
B
21.
1444444444444444444514444444444444444445-
15
REVIEW: Section 2
1. Name the notes.
`4444444444444455444514444444444444444445`4444444444444444445144444444444444554445w
2.
Draw dotted half notes on the lines and spaces indicated. Notice the clef signs.
`466-46 6 -46 6 -46 6 -46 6 -46 6 -46 6 1466-46 6 -46 6 -46 6 -46 6 -46 6 -46 6 `466-46 6 -46 6 -46 6 -46 6 -46 6 -46 6 line E
space F
line B
space E
line G
space C
line B
space A
Middle C
space G
line A
space E
line D
space D
line G
space C
Middle C space A
line F
line F
line E
16
3.
space B
space C
Middle C
line D
space G
line B
`44544444
144544444
Name the notes.
4.
`445664444444444444446
1445664444444444444446
`445664444444444444446
1445664444444444444446
h
17
Section 3
Time Signatures
Bar lines are used to separate measures.
A double bar line is used mark the end of a piece or section.
`5444-444-444-=
measure
measure
bar line
measure
bar line
4
4
44
`54
44
Examples:
`55
`55
34
1.
43
Bar Line
64-= 6-45
Bass Clef
Treble Clef
Double
Bar Line
Time Signature
4
4
4
4
Measure
43
6-46 6-45-6
64-= 6-45-6
18
2.
3.
4
4
________________________________
___________________
Write the number of beats per measure according to each time signature.
44
43
45
46
42
Here are the note values for time signatures with 4as the bottom number:
Whole Note
4 beats
4.
5.
3 beats
Half Note
Quarter Note
2 beats
1 beat
Write the correct number of beats each note or group of notes gets.
=
beat(s).
beat(s).
beat(s).
beat(s).
beat(s).
beat(s).
beat(s).
beat(s).
note equals
notes.
One
note equals
notes.
One
note equals
notes.
One
note equals
notes.
19
44
44 h
1
h
3
q
2
4
4
144455-44455-44455-44456-=
144455-44455-44455-44456-=
144455-44455-44455-44456-=
144455-44455-44455-44456-=
144455-44455-44455-44456-=
144455-44455-44455-44456-=
B)
C)
D)
E)
F)
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4 .
4
4 .
.
.
20
43 h
1
2
4 h
1
q
3
3
4
144455-44455-44455-44456-=
144455-44455-44455-44456-=
144455-44455-44455-44456-=
B)
C)
3
4
3
4
2
4
144455-44455-44455-44456-=
144455-44455-44455-44456-=
144455-44455-44455-44456-=
B)
C)
2
4
2
4
21
9.
44
154444-4444-4444-4444-=
154444-4444-4444-4444-=
154444-4444-4444-4444-=
154444-4444-4444-4444-=
144444444444444544-=
144444444444444445-=
144444444444444445-=
144444444444444445-=
h
44
h
q q
34
h.
q q q
43 h
10.
h.
q q q q
q q h
q h
q h.
q h
q q q
h.
4
4
Add bar lines where they are needed. Check the time signatures.
4
4
3
4
3
4
11.
4h
4 h. q
4q h
4 h.
`4445-=44665-=4444-=545446-=
`444-=444-=445-=44444566 -=
h
4q q
4 h.
4q q h
q q
q q
22
The act of writing on the staff the notes of a rhythm that is performed is called rhythmic dictation.
As you complete these or any rhythmic dictation drills, always keep in mind the following tips:
At first, just listen carefully and count the beats of the measure as you hear the rhythm.
Always write lightly at first (because you may need to erase a bit!).
Check your answer by playing along quietly as you read your own writing.
12.
`5444-455555-=
`5444-455555-=
`5444-455555-=
`5444-455555-=
`5444-455555-=
1.
1.
1.
1.
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
2.
3
4
`54456-45564-=
`54456-45564-=
`54456-45564-=
`54456-45564-=
`54456-45564-=
2.
2.
2.
2.
3
4
3
4
3
4
3
4
The student/teacher exercises should be repeated regularly until they are easily done.
You can find more practice sheets at the following website:
PrimoTheory.com
Resources
Level 3
Page 22
23
Section 4
Rests
A rest is a symbol used to indicate silence for a certain length of time.
line 4
3
2
1
44
145-45-45-45-45-45-45-45-=
line 3
2
1
4566
Half
Rest
2.
145-45-45-45-45-45-45-45-=
24
454444546
Q
Start with a
Z shape,
then add a
little curve.
finished
144-44-44-44-44-44-=
3.
In time signatures with 4as the bottom number, each rest receives the
following beats:
Half Rest
Quarter Rest
4 beats
2 beats
1 beat
34
24
`455- 1455-
Write the correct number of beats each rest or group of rests gets in $4time.
Q
5.
Whole Rest
beat(s).
beat(s).
beat(s).
Q Q=
Q Q =
Q=
beat(s).
beat(s).
beat(s).
14454-44546-44564-=
Draw the rest named in each measure.
Half Rest
Whole Rest
Quarter Rest
25
64-=
Double
Bar Line
2.
3.
4
4
Measure
64-= 6-45-6
43
Bar Line
6-46
Write the correct number of beats the notes and rests get in time signatures with 4as
the bottom number.
=
beat(s).
beat(s).
beat(s).
beat(s).
beat(s).
beat(s).
4 q
4 h
4 h.
`445-=4445656-=4446-=4464446-=
`544446-44446-44446-44446-=
4.
5.
44
w
Write the counts of each measure under the notes and rests.
h.
q q h
Draw a line connecting each group of notes and rests to the correct time signature.
2
4
3
4
4
4
Q Q
26
Section 5
Intervals
2nd
`444-444w w
line to space
space to line
Draw a 2nd up from each given note. Use whole notes. Name the notes.
1.
w w
`455-4556-4556-4556-4556-4556-=
1455-4556-4556-4556-4556-4556-=
Draw a 2nd down from each given note. Use half notes. Name the notes.
2.
E D
3rd
w w
`444-444w w
line to line
space to space
Draw a 3rd up from each note. Use dotted half notes. Name the notes.
3.
A B
`455-4556-4556-4556-4556-4556-=
1455-4556-4556-4556-4556-4556-=
h
Draw a 3rd down from each note. Use quarter notes. Name the notes.
4.
27
4th
5.
Draw a 4th up from each note. Use whole notes. Name the notes.
w w
w w
`455-4556-4556-4556-4556-4556-=
1455-4556-4556-4556-4556-4556-=
h
Draw a 4th down from each note. Use half notes. Name the notes.
skip + skip
5th
7.
6.
54556- `445-444w
line to line
space to space
Draw a 5th up from each note. Use dotted half notes. Name the notes.
`455-4556-4556-4556-4556-4556-=
1455-4556-4556-4556-4556-4556-=
h
Draw a 5th down from each note. Use quarter notes. Name the notes.
REVIEW
9. Name the interval in each measure. Example: 2nd, 3rd, 4th or 5th.
8.
`4556-4556-4556-4556-4556-4556-4556-=
3rd
28
Section 6
Half Steps and Whole Steps
Half Steps
On the keyboard, a half step is the distance from one key to the very next key.
white to black
black to white
white to white
1.
2.
Whole Steps
A whole step is made up of two half steps.
On the keyboard, count two half steps from the starting note.
black to black
white to white
3.
4.
29
Section 7
Accidentals
Sharp, flat and natural signs are called accidentals.
An accidental is always placed on the left side of the note that is affected.
Sharp Sign
A sharp sign before a note raises the pitch one half step.
D#
D
E E#
`445-6445w
#w
`445#w
C#
A#
G#
E#
2.
D#
F#
B#
30
3.
`5646-44-44-44-44-44-44-44-=
15646-44-44-44-44-44-44-44-=
w
Flat Sign
A flat sign before a note lowers the pitch one half step.
On the keyboard, a flatted note is played on the very next key to the left.
Fb F
`44-6445- `445w
Db
Notes which have been flatted are called D-flat (written as Db).
4.
Write a
Eb
Ab
Bb
Fb
Db
Gb
Cb
31
6.
5.
15646-44-44-44-44-44-44-44-=
`5646-44-44-44-44-44-44-44-=
q
Natural Sign
Db
Write a
`444445w
A
G
C
B
32
Draw a 2nd down from each given note. Use whole notes. Name the notes.
`455-4556-4556-4556-4556-4556-=
1455-4556-4556-4556-4556-4556-=
`455-4556-4556-4556-4556-4556-=
1455-4556-4556-4556-4556-4556-=
h
Draw a 4th down from each note. Use dotted half notes. Name the notes.
Draw a 5th up from each note. Use dotted half notes. Name the notes.
5.
4.
3.
Draw a 3rd up from each note. Use half notes. Name the notes.
2.
Name the interval in each measure. Example: 2nd, 3rd, 4th or 5th.
`4556-4556-4556-4556-4556-4556-4556-=
2nd
6.
Circle the term which correctly completes each statement or fill in the blank:
A sharp sign (#) RAISES or LOWERS the pitch a half step.
A flat sign (b) RAISES or LOWERS the pitch a half step.
The sign which cancels a sharp or flat is called a
sign.
33
D#
A#
E#
Db
Gb
Cb
8.
9.
10.
7.
`5646-44-44-44-44-44-44-44-=
15646-44-44-44-44-44-44-44-=
w
11.
34
Section 8
Ear Training
Start on middle C.
a) Play C. Sing C using the syllable do.
(Do not move to the next step until you can match the pitch.)
b) Play D (the interval of a 2nd above C). Sing and match D using re.
c) Sing C to D as you play.
d) Repeat steps a), b) and c) using another interval above C.
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
C to D (sing) do - re
C to E
do - mi
C to F
do - fa
C to G
do - sol
Start on middle C.
a) Play four keys going up by steps C, D, E and F.
Go back down by steps to C. (F, E, D, C)
Listen to the sound.
b) Play four keys going up by skips C, E, G and B.
Go back down by skips to C.
Listen to the sound.
c) Repeat a) and b) using different starting tones.
35
44 q q
q q
44
q
qq q
`44456-44555-5 `44456-44555-5
144456-44466-6 144456- 144456or
44
q
qq q
qqqq
qqqq
qqqq
or
or
44
qqqq
44
steps
qqqq
36
3
4
$4time
4
4
4
4
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
37
2.
w w
w w
6.
w w w w
w w
w w
w w w w
4.
3.
w w
w w
w w w w
w w w w
w w
w w
w w w w
w w
w w
Your teacher will play groups of pitches which move by 2nds and 3rds.
In each measure, there will be three pitches played.
The third note is missing on the staff.
After you hear each group, draw the missing note in each measure.
The third note will repeat the second note or move by 2nd or 3rd.
2.
3.
4.
5.
`4456-4456-4456-4456-4456-=
`4456-4456-4456-4456-4456-=
ww
1.
w w
w w
2.
w w w w
1.
w w
w w
w w w w
1.
4.
3.
ww
ww
2.
ww
ww
3.
ww
ww
ww
5.
4.
ww
ww
The student/teacher exercises should be repeated regularly until they are easily done.
You can find more practice sheets at the following website:
PrimoTheory.com
Resources
Level 3
Page 37
38
Section 9
Major Scales and Keys
W W H W W W H
These intervals are the distance between the scale tones.
The tone that begins the scale is called the tonic or keynote.
The tonic names the scale.
This is the
C Major scale
`44444444444645-=
1
Tonic
8(1)
The half steps in the major scale occur between scale tones 3 - 4 and 7 - 8.
You can easily remember the whole/half step sequence by using the following:
We Were Happy When We Went Home
1.
Write the whole step and half step pattern for the major scale:
2.
- .
The half steps in the major scale occur between scale tones - and
The tone that begins and names the scale is called the __________________ .
For the following major scale:
a) Print the whole step and half step pattern on the lines between the letters.
Use W (whole step) and H (half step).
3.
4.
_______
Major
39
5.
6.
7.
`44444444444645-445-=
`44444444444645-445-=
`44444444444645-445-=
G Major
F Major
40
Key Signatures
When the C major scale is used as the main scale of a piece, the piece is said to be in
the key of C major. When the G major scale is the main scale, the key is G major, and
so on.
The key signature is formed by placing sharps or flats to the right of the clef sign.
A key signature identifies the key in which a piece is written.
This is the G Major key signature.
This is the F Major key signature.
or
qqqq
44
q q q
#3
4
`4444466-6
9.
`4 14
`4 14
`4 14
or
or
8.
`4444456-6
Below are key signatures written in the bass and treble clefs.
Draw a line connecting the key names (in the boxes) to the correct key signatures.
Each box should connect to a key signature on the right and left.
`4
`4
14
F Major
G Major
C Major
14
`4
14
#
Section 10
Musical Symbols and Terms
Dynamic signs tell how loud or soft the music is to be played.
TERM
MEANING
Pianissimo
very soft
Piano
soft
Mezzo piano
moderately soft
Mezzo forte
moderately loud
Forte
loud
Fortissimo
very loud
1.
List the dynamic signs in order from the softest to the loudest.
(softest)
2.
p f
p pp
(loudest)
3.
pp
p
P
F
f
ff
SIGN
f)
f F
P F
c)
g)
P p
ff f
Draw a line from each dynamic sign in the center column to the appropriate term in
the left column and description in the right column.
p
Pianissimo
loud
F
Piano
moderately soft
Mezzo piano
soft
f
Mezzo forte
P
very loud
pp
Forte
very soft
moderately loud
Fortissimo
ff
41
42
The Tie
4
4w
A tie is a curved line that connects two adjacent notes of the same pitch.
1445-5456-=
w
4
4
4
4
4 beats
3 beats
`4446-4545-= `4446-4545-=
4.
2 + 2
beats
beats
2
4
2
4
1 + 2
beat beats
Write the total number of beats each pair of tied notes receives.
2
4
beats
beats
The Slur
44
A slur is a curved line that connects two or more notes of different pitches.
43
Staccato
The term staccato is used to describe notes performed in a disconnected manner.
The sign used for staccato is a dot placed above or below a note head.
445 444
The dots will always appear above or below the note head, on the opposite side
from the stem.
Correct
Wrong
A staccato dot should not be confused with the dot of a dotted note.
Staccato notes
5.
6.
Some of the staccato signs on the staff below are placed incorrectly.
Draw an X through the notes with the incorrectly placed staccato signs.
4444444444444444455
4444444444444444455
Dotted Dotted
Staccato Staccato
7.
Dotted
Staccato
Dotted
Staccato
Dotted
Staccato
Dotted
Staccato
Dotted Dotted
Staccato Staccato
Slurred
Tied
Slurred
Tied
Slurred
Tied
Slurred
Tied
44
LEVEL 3 REVIEW
1.
2.
3.
line B
space A
line G
space E
line F
space F
Middle C
line G
space E
Middle C
space A
line F
space G
line D
On the staves below, draw whole notes as named. Use lines or spaces of your choice.
145-45-45-45-45-45-45-45-=
Quarter
rest
4.
Whole
rest
Quarter
rest
Half
rest
Whole
rest
Quarter
rest
`44544444
144544444
Whole
rest
Half
rest
45
5.
`445664444444444444446
1445664444444444444446
q
6.
Name the interval in each measure. Example: 2nd, 3rd, 4th or 5th.
7.
8.
9.
`4556-4556-4556-4556-4556-4556-4556-=
46
12.
Write a
C#
G#
B#
Eb
Bb
Fb
Name the sharped notes. Circle the notes that are played on the white keys.
11.
`5646-44-44-44-44-44-44-44-=
w
Name the flatted notes. Circle the notes that are played on the white keys.
13.
15646-44-44-44-44-44-44-44-=
w
14.
On the lines below, print the whole and half step pattern for the major scale.
Use W for whole steps and H for half steps.
F _______ G _______ A _______ Bb _______ C _______ D _______ E _______ F
G _______ A _______ B _______ C _______ D _______ E _______ F# _______ G
15.
G Major
`444444444446455-455-=
47
16.
Below are key signatures written in the bass and treble clefs.
Draw a line connecting the key names (in the boxes) to the correct key signatures.
Each box should connect to a key signature on the right and left.
14
`4
`4
14
14
`4
G Major
C Major
F Major
17. Write the top number of the time signature in each measure.
4h
4 q h
4 q
144454-=4446-=444455-=56446-=
14454-=444656-=4465-=46445465-=
4 q
44
h.
4 h.
h.
4 q q
4 h
18. Write the counts of each measure below the notes and rests.
h.
15445556-45456-44556-45456-45456-=
15445556-45456-44556-45456-45456-=
43 h .
19.
4
4
q q
q q
Add bar lines where they are needed. Check the time signatures.
q h
1444444444444445444-=
1444444444444444445-=
3
4
48
20.
List the dynamic signs in order from the softest to the loudest.
(softest)
21.
P f
ff F
22.
(loudest)
e)
c)
f)
P p
p F
Draw a line from each dynamic sign in the center column to the appropriate term on
the left column and description on the right column.
ff
pp
P
p
F
f
Forte
Mezzo piano
Piano
Fortissimo
Pianissimo
Mezzo forte
23.
f p
pp f
moderately soft
very loud
loud
soft
very soft
moderately loud
4444444444444444455
Dotted Dotted
Staccato Staccato
24.
Dotted
Staccato
Dotted
Staccato
Dotted
Staccato
Dotted
Staccato
Dotted Dotted
Staccato Staccato
Slurred
Tied
Slurred
Tied
Slurred
Tied
Slurred
Tied
49
25.
For each term there are two possible answers. Circle the correct answer.
2nd
Flat
Treble Clef
Measure
6-45-6 64-=
Sharp
Half Note
Key Signature
G Clef
Half Rest
Natural Sign
Middle C
Whole Note
Brace
5th
Quarter Rest
4
4
14
-56565- -56565-
Time Signature
Whole Rest
Middle C
-56565- -565654
4
`45 145
`
64-= 1
Quarter Note
Bass Clef
Bar Line
6-45-6 64-=
`45 145
14
3rd
64-= 6-45-6
-56565- -56565-