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AneasypacedapproachtolearnSanskrit

Lesson1

SimpleSanskritLesson1
PostedonApril11,2012May8,2012byslabhyankar

SimpleSanskritLesson1

SimplestwaytostartlearningSanskritistolearntomakesimplesentences.Belowaresome
simplesentences.
Table11
1

Igo

Wego

You(Singular)go

You(plural)go

Hegoes

Shegoes

Itgoes

They(masculine)go

They(feminine)go

10

They(neuter)go

FollowingglossaryinTable2isclearfromtheabove.
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Table12
No.

English

Sanskrit

Whatthisis

PronounFirstperson,singular

We

PronounFirstperson,plural

You(Singular)

PronounSecondperson,singular

You(plural)

PronounSecondperson,plural

He

PronounThirdperson,masculine,singular

She

PronounThirdperson,feminine,singular

It

PronounThirdperson,neuter,singular

They(masculine)

PronounThirdperson,masculine,plural

They(feminine)

PronounThirdperson,feminine,plural

10

They(neuter)

PronounThirdperson,neuter,plural

Asisknownthepronounsofthethirdperson,singular,viz.He,She,It,aredifferentaccordingto
thegender.ThisissoinSanskritalso.
InEnglish,thepronounofthirdpersonpluralisthey.Itiscommonforallthreegenders.In
Sanskrititisnotcommon.
Comingtotheverb,inEnglishtheverbhasonlytwoformsgoandgoes.
InSanskrit,theyaredifferentaccordingtotheperson(first,secondorthird)andnumber(singular
orplural)
Table13
No.

Person

Number

Verb

First

Singular

First

Plural

Second

Singular

Second

Plural

Third

Singular

Third

Plural

Ascanbeseen,inSanskritthereisagood,verydistinctcorrespondencebetweenthepronounand
theverb.Whenwewouldsayitisclearthatthesubjectispronounofrstperson,
singular,i.e.
So,inSanskritifwesayitisnotatallnecessarytosay
!!Theverb
formisstructuredtobetheformforrstpersonsingularandhencestructuredforthe
subjecttobe
.ThatiswhySanskritiscalledasastructuredlanguage.Onecanreadily
appreciatetheusefulnessofsuchstructurednessofthelanguage.Itlendsbrevityandcrispness.2/7

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appreciatetheusefulnessofsuchstructurednessofthelanguage.Itlendsbrevityandcrispness.
Ifitisnotnecessarytosay
andifitisadequatetosayjustsayingonlyone
wordinsteadoftwoisftypercentshorter!
Butinthestructuringprocess,theRishisthoughtitgoodandimportanttohavethenumber
concepttobenotjustsingularandplural,butsingular,dualandplural.Thatappliesbothto
pronounsandtheverbforms.
Table14Pronouns
Person

Gender

Singular

Dual

Plural

First

All

Second

All

Third

Masculine

Third

Feminine

Third

Neuter

Table15Verbforms
Person

Singular

Dual

Plural

First

Second

Third

ByusingappropriateverbformfromTable5withthe15pronounformsinTable4,itisnow
possibletomake15sentences.
Table16
15sentences
1

Igo

Wetwogo

Wego

Yougo

Youtwogo

Yougo

Hegoes

Theytwogo

Theygo

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10

Shegoes

11

Theytwogo

12

Theygo

13

Itgoes

14

Theytwogo

15

Theygo

Giventhisbasicstructureof15sentences,wecantake9verbformsofanyverbalrootandmake
15sentencesforeachverbalroot.
FortheVerbalroot(=tosay,tospeak)theverbalformsare
Table17
Verbalformsfor
Person

Singular

Dual

Plural

First

Second

Third

Bytheway,onewouldnotfindindictionarythewords

Theseareallderivedforms,derivedfromrootwords.Forexample,
arederivedfromtheverbalroot.Wecan
ndinthedictionary.ThisisahugedierencebetweendictionaryofSanskritfromdictionary
ofotherlanguages.OfcourseinEnglishalsowedonotlookforwordslikeme,my,us,our,your,
him,his,her,its,them,their,etc.Yetthereisadierenceandthedierenceishuge,because
numberofwordswhichcanbederivedfromarootwordisverylarge.Wehavejustseen9words
derivedfromtheverbalroot.Thisisnoteventhetipofaniceberg.These9wordsareof
presenttense.Therewillbemorewordsinpastandfuturetensesandinimperativemoodandin
othermoodsasobtainedinEnglishbyusingauxiliariessuchasshall,will,should,would,can,
could,may,might,must.InSanskrittheemphasisisonderivingawordsothatitcanstandby
itself.Thatisthebasiclogicofstructuring.
Bytheway,theverbalforms
arederivedfromtheverbalroot(=togo).Technicaltermforverbalrootis

Itisalsotobenotedthatthewords

arebeerwrienas

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Itisalsotobenotedthatthewords

arebeerwrienas

clearlyvisible,whenthewordsarestandaloneorattheendof

withtheending
alineofapoemorattheendofasentence.Thisinfactistherule.
Compiledbelowareverbalformsofsomecommonplaceverbalroots
s.
Table18
verbalformsofsomecommonplaceverbalroots
s
No.

Verbalroot Meaning

Verbalforms

togo

tosay,to
speak

tocome

togo
towards,to
gounto

++ toreturn

todo

toeat

todrink

tobe

10

tobe,to
become,tobe
present

11

tosit

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11

tosit

12

tostand,to
halt,tostop

13

tostandup

14

togive

15

or

totake,to
receive,to
accommodate

16

toknow,to
become
aware

Alltheaboveverbalformsareof
swhichareofatypeorclassknownas
.
Othertypeorclassof
sis
.
Therearealso
swhichcanhaveverbalformsbothof
and
types.Such
sarecalledas.
InaboveTable8,itcanbeseenthattheverbalroot
fortogois.Theverbalroot

forto

comeis+andthatfortoreturnis++
.Wecansaythatthebasicverbalrootis

.Thenverbalroots+
and++
aresecondaryortertiaryverbalroots,derived

usingprexessuchasand+.Theprexesarecalledas
.Prexesarecommonin
Englishalso,e.g.inscribe,describe,subscribe,prescribe,circumscribe.Interestinglytheprexes
causethemeaningtoundergoaradicalchange.Thereisagoodversewhichsummarisessuch
radicalchangeinmeaningcausedby
s.Willitbegoodtoknowthatverse!Theverse,
is

||

Prexescausethemeaningoftheverbalroottoundergoaradicalchangeasithappensin

.
Itshouldbealsonotedthatthoughall
sinTable8areof
typeandhavesome
similarityinthepaernofformationofverbforms,forsome
s,intheformationofverb
forms,therearepeculiaritiese.g.
takestheform,

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takestheform,

takestheforms

takestheforms
takestheforms

takestheforms
takestheforms

or
takestheforms

takestheforms

ThesepeculiaritiesalsohaverulesandquiteoftenExceptionsprovetheruleisalsoanaccepted
rule!Itisgoodtobecuriousbutnotgoodtobeoverinquisitive.Forthebeginning,itwouldbe
goodtoacceptthethingsasgivenandpracticewiththem.Morethepractice,eventhe
peculiaritieswillbecomenatural.
Whenachildlearnsitsmothertongue,itacquiresthetonguebybeingengulfedinthat
environment247.Ifsuch247environmentisnotavailableforlearningalanguagesuchas
Sanskrit,theoptionthenistomakedevotedintenseexercise.Luckily,Thereisabeautifuleasy
rhythmwitheverythinginSanskrit.InTable8,allthenineformsofeachverbaresetinthreelines
ofthreeformsineachline.Theycanbememorizedandshouldbememorized,sointenselythat
theywouldcomenaturalwhenonehastousethemandmakesentences.With15sentences
illustratedfortheverb,itispossibletopracticemaking240sentencesfromthe16verbs!!!

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