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Lesson10|

AneasypacedapproachtolearnSanskrit

Lesson10

SimpleSanskritLesson10
PostedonJune26,2012May19,2013byslabhyankar

SimpleSanskritLesson10

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TowardstheendofpreviousLesson9,threeaspectswerementionedforproceedingfurther.I
proposetoproceedwith

s.
Asmentionedinpreviouslesson,
sinSanskritare
,
or.Actually
thesenamesofclassesof
shavesomemeaning.Themeaningcanbedecipheredasfollows

smeansuch
s,wherebyeectoftheactionisseentoinuencesomeoneor
somethingelse.
Intheword
therearetwoparts
and.
meansuntoanother.can
beinterpretedtomeanhavinginuence.So
wouldmeanhavinginuence
untoanother.
Forexamplewhensaying

(Igotoschool),theschoolisgoingtohavea
newelementthere,i.e.myself.
Evenwhensaying
(Isay)mysayingisgoingtocausenewreverberationsinthe
environmentaroundme.

smeansuch
s,wherebyeectoftheactionisseentoinuencethedoer,
thesubject.
Theword
alsohastwoparts
and.
meansuntooneselfand
asabovecanbeinterpretedtomeanhavinginuence.So
wouldmeanhaving
inuenceuntooneself.

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inuenceuntooneself.
Whensaying

(moonwaxesandwanes)theactionsofwaxingand
waninginuencethemoon,thesubjectitself.
Inturn
smeansuch
s,wherebyeectoftheactionisseentoinuence
eitherthedoer,(i.e.thesubject)orsomeone(orsomething)else.
Eminentexampleof
is

(todo).Anactionofdoingsomethinghasan
inuencebothondoerandonsomething,thatisdone.
Thisbringstomindalinefromwhereitissaid,

()meaning,thetools,theactionitselfandthedoerarethreetypesofrepositoriesof
action.
Theideaincitingthequotefrom,issimplytodetailthattheconsiderationofwhich
is

,
orseemstobevery,verysubtle.Thenomenclatures
,

,dohavespecicmeaning.Butitisdicult,atleastformetoexplainthe
conceptveryclearly.Butthereisnoproblemonceoneacceptswhatevertheofaparticular

is.Practisewillmakeiteasier.Coupleofexamplesgivenabovearemyownaemptto
understandtheconcept.Admiedlytheexamplesprovidesomehelptounderstandthe
concept,butdonotmakeitentirelyclear.
Forexampleitisdiculttoexplainhowtheverbalrootinoris

.
Wehavestudiedinectionsofsome25

sinsimplepresent,imperativeandand
pasttenses.Hereareinectionsofacommonlyused

Table101
Inectionsof

No.

()

Meaning

()

Toget,to
obtain,to
gain

Actuallyathttp://tdildc.in/san/skt_gen/generators.html#(http://tdil
dc.in/san/skt_gen/generators.html#)theyhavefacilitatedobtaininginexionsforalargenumber
of
sintentypesof/
options,knownass.Ofthesetensfourarenoted
aboveunderthecolumn/
.
ThetensaredescribedinTable102.

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ThetensaredescribedinTable102.

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Table102
Thetens
No.

Tenseormood

SimplePresent

SimplePast

Pastunseenbythespeaker

Aorist(orImperfect)Past

also
knownas

Simplefutureorfuturewith
certaintyofaction

also
knownas

Futureindicatinglikelihoodof
action

Imperative

Potentialmoodshould

10

Benedictivemoodi.e.mayasin
MayGodblessyou

Conditionalmoodmight

IcouldnotndanaptSanskritexplanationforitem7
.Actuallyvarioustensesandmoods
detailedaboveindicateonlytheirgeneralusages.Therearealsooptionalusages.
ForexampleSimplepresenthasoptionalusage
1. forImmediatepast,e.g.
Whendidyoucome?

HereIam
2. andalsoforimmediatefuturee.g.
Whenwillyougototown?
?
HereIgo
3. Boththeseoptionalusagesarenotjustcolloquial,butverymuchendorsedbySanskrit
grammarbyPaninisaphorism

(.

)meaningwhen
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presentisclosebyorwhentenseissimilartopresenttense.

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presentisclosebyorwhentenseissimilartopresenttense.
4. The
(chapteronmeaningsofs)in

by

discussesasmanyas49
sdetailingvarioususagesofdierents.I
wonderwhetherthereisareadilyavailabletranslationofsuchausefulandimportantchapter
asthis.
5. Actuallytheusageswillbeclearerwhenclariedbyexamples.Theexamplesunderpara(1)
arefromthisverybook

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oOo
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