CHEMICAL

REACTIONS
MIMI Wilkes

State
Standar
d
S8P1.e Distinguish
between changes in
matter as physical (i.e.,
physical change) or
chemical (development
of a gas, formation of
precipitate, and color
change).

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Objectives:
Students will be able to identify a chemical reaction and
how it is identified.
Students will be able to explain what takes place during
a chemical reaction.
Student will be able to demonstrate chemical reactions.
Students will be able to describe energys involvement in
chemical reactions.

What is a Chemical
Reaction?
Atoms in the reactants are
rearranged to form one or
more different substances
Old bonds are broken; new
bonds form

All chemical
reactions
Have 2 parts:
Reactant - the substances you start
with
Product - the substances you end up with

Reactants turn into products.

Reactant + Reactant Product

Indicators of chemical
reactions
Emission of light or heat

Formation of a gas
Formation of a precipitant
Color change
Emission of odor

What are physical

changes?
Changes affecting the form of a
chemical substance, but not its
chemical composition.
Used to separate mixtures into
their component compounds, but
can not be used to separate
compounds into chemical
elements or simpler compounds.

Chang
es
Physical Properties

Changes in physical
properties
melting
boiling
condensation
No change occurs in the
identity of the
substance
Example:
Ice , rain, and steam
are all water

Types of Chemical
Reactions

Reaction

Definition

Synthesis

two or more simple

compounds combine to form
a more complicated one.

Combining iron and sulfur.

a complex molecule breaks

down to make simpler ones

the electrolysis of water to make oxygen

and hydrogen gas

Decomposition

Example

A + B ---> AB

AB ---> A + B

Single
Displacement

one element trades places

with another element in a
compound

when magnesium replaces hydrogen in

water to make magnesium hydroxide
and hydrogen gas
A + BC ---> AC + B

Double
Displacement

the anions and cations of

two different molecules
switch places, forming two
entirely different compounds

lead (II) nitrate with potassium iodide to

form lead (II) iodide and potassium
nitrate
AB + CD ---> AD + CB

Chemical reactions
are shown using
chemical
equations

A chemical equation is the symbolic representation of a

chemical reaction
Reactants on the left-hand side
Product on the right-hand side

Reactants

Product

Representing
Compounds
We can represent a compound with chemical formula.

Examples:

ETHANOL
WATER

Acetic Acid

the primary
ingredient in vinegar

Naming
Compounds

- ide = only 2
elements
- ate = contains
oxygen and 2 or
more elements
Same pair of
elements use a
prefix
Use roman numerals
for metal
nonmetal compounds

Heres a helpful
tool

Balancing
Equations
1. Identify each element in the equation.
2. Start with an element that is present on each side of the
equation. If needed change the coefficients so that the
number of atoms of the element are the same on each side
of the equation.
3. Do the same thing for the other elements. Proceed until
all elements have been balanced.
4. Check your work to make certain that both sides of
the equation are balanced. Count your elements.

Lets Practice!
1. ____ CH4 + ____ O2 ____ CO2 + ____ H2O
Identify the elements in the equation: C, H, O

2. H is found in CH4 and H2O, so it's a good starting element.

3. You have 4 H in CH4 yet only 2 H in H2O, so you need to double the
coeffient of H2O to balance H.
1 CH4 + ? O2 ? CO2 + 2 H2O

4. Looking at carbon, you can see that CH4 and CO2 must have the
same coefficient.
1 CH4 + ? O2 1 CO2 + 2 H2O

5. Finally, determine the O coefficient. You can see you need to double
the O2 coefficient in order to get 4 O seen on the product side of the
reaction.
1 CH4 + 2 O2 1 CO2 + 2 H2O

6. Check your work. It's standard to drop a coefficient of 1, so the final

balanced equation would be written:
CH4 + 2 O2 CO2 + 2 H2O

Energy & Chemical

Reactions
Endothermic

Exothermic

Give off energy

In Greek exo means
outside
Ex: the burning of coal

Take place only when heat or some other kind of

energy is absorbed.

In greek endo means inside

Ex: decomposition of water into hydrogen and

oxygen requires heating to very high temperatures
of electrical energy

Stop For Safety

Only mix chemicals in the order described within

the lab.

When smelling any chemical or substance, do so

by wafting.

All chemicals and/or any lab supplies must be

accounted for at the completion of the lab. No
chemical, item, or specimen should ever leave
the lab room.

Chemicals splashed on the skin or eyes should be

flushed with water for a minimum of 20 minutes.

Read the entire lab before you begin and follow

all lab instructions exactly as explained by your
teacher.

There is a Zero Tolerance policy for any form of

horseplay during a lab.

If you are unclear about a certain portion of the

lab, ask your teacher.

Any accident, regardless of the severity, must be

reported to the teacher immediately.

Report any damaged or broken equipment to

your instructor immediately.