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LITERATURE

An Introduction

litera
Body of literary productions
oral or written
Contains imaginative language
that portrays thoughts,
emotions, and experiences of
the human condition

Provides insights and


intellectual stimulation to
the reader
Product of a particular
culture
Reflects the works of
imagination, aesthetics, and
creative writing

Literary Standards

Universality
Artistry
Intellectual Value
Suggestiveness
Spiritual Value
Permanence
Style

Literary Models
Cultural Model
Language Model
Personal Growth Model

Classification of Literature
Structure
Fiction
Non-Fiction

Form
Prose
Poetry

Genre
Fiction
Poetry
Essay
Drama

Literary Approaches

Formalist or Literary Approach


Moral or Humanistic Approach
Historical Approach
Sociological Approach
Cultural Approach
Psychological Approach
Impressionistic Approach
(readers response)

Literary Genres
Fiction
Poetry
Drama

Elements of Fiction

Setting
Characters
Plot
Point of View
Theme

Elements of Fiction
Characters
Characterization
Protagonist
Antagonist
Anti-hero

Elements of Fiction
Plot
Linear plot
Circular plot
En Medias Res
Parts
Exposition-ComplicationCrisis-ClimaxDenouement-Ending

Elements of Fiction
Literary devices
Flashback
Foreshadowing

Elements of Fiction
Plot
Conflict
Person vs. person
Person vs. society
Person vs. self
Person vs. nature
Person vs. fate

Elements of Fiction
Point of View
First person
Third-person omniscient
Third-person limited
Third-person central
Third-person editorial

Elements of Poetry
Sense of the Poem
Denotation vs. connotation
Imagery
Figurative language

Sound of the Poem


Tone
Rhythm
Meter

Structure of the Poem


Word and its order
Syntax
Ellipsis
Punctuation

Elements of Drama
Setting
Characters
Physical, social, psychological,
moral

Plot
Natural plot, episodic plot

Theme
Style

Types of Drama

Tragedy
Comedy
Melodrama
Farce

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