Unit1A.

PBiologyStandards
Behavior
2.C.2:a
a.Organismsrespondtochangesintheirenvironmentthroughbehavioralandphysiological
ways.
Photoperiodismandphototropisminplants
Hibernationandmigrationinanimals
Taxisandkinesisinanimals
Chemotaxisinbacteria,sexualreproductioninfungi
Nocturnalanddiurnalactivity:circadianrhythms
Shiveringandsweatinginhumans
2.E.2:b
b.Inanimals,internalandexternalsignalsregulateavarietyofphysiologicalresponsesthat
synchronizewithenvironmentalcyclesandcues.
Circadianrhythms,orthephysiologicalcycleofabout24hoursthatispresentinalleukaryotes
andcontinueevenintheabsenceofexternalcues
Diurnal/nocturnalandsleep/awakecycles
Jetlaginhumans
Seasonalresponses,suchashibernation,estivationandmigration
Releaseandreactiontopheromones
Visualdisplaysinthereproductivecycle
2.E.3:a.1,a.2,b.3,b.4
a.Individualscanactoninformationandcommunicateittoothers.
1.Innatebehaviorsarebehaviorsthatareinherited.
2.Learningoccursthroughinteractionswiththeenvironmentandotherorganisms.
b.Responsestoinformationandcommunicationofinformationarevitaltonaturalselection.

3.E.1:a,b.2,c.1,c.2

Ecology
1.C.1:b
Extinctionratestendtoriseduringtimesofecologicalstress.Anexamplewouldbehuman
impactonecosystemsandspeciesextinctionrates
2.A.1:d.2,e,f
D.Organismsandtheusefreeenergytomaintainorganization,growandreproduce.
2.Reproductionandtheupbringingofoffspringrequirefreeenergybeyondthatisusedfor
maintenanceandgrowth.Organismswillusevaryingreproductivestrategies
dependingonenergyavailability.Examplesincludeseasonalreproductioninanimalsandplants
E.Whenchangesinfreeenergyavailabilityoccuritresultsinthechangesofpopulations.
F.Whenchangesinfreeenergyavailabilityoccuritresultsindisruptionsofecosystems.
2.A.2:a.1
A.Allformsofliferequireanorderedsystem

1.Therearevarioustypesofstrategiesusedwhenanorganismneedstoregulatetheirbody
temperatureandmetabolism.
Endothermywhenthebodyusesthermalenergymadebythemetabolismtomaintain
itstemperatures
Ectothermywhenthebodyuseexternalenergytoregulateitstemperature
Elevatedfloraltemperaturesarefoundinsomeplantlife.
2.A.3:a.1,a.2,a.3
A.1Carbonmovesfromtheenvironmenttoorganismswhereitisusedtobuildcarbohydrates,
proteins,lipidsornucleicacids.
A.2Nitrogenmovesfromtheenvironmenttoorganismsfromtheenvironmenttobuildproteins
andnucleicacids.Andphosphorusisusedinnucleicacidsandsomelipids.
A.3Watercharacteristicssuchaspolarityandhydrogenbondingarecrucialforlivingsystems,
2.D.1:a,b,c
A.BioticandAbioticfactorsaffectcellactivity.
B.Abioticandbioticfactorsaffectinteractionsamongorganisms.
Symbiosiscommensalism,parasitism,andmutualism
Predatorpreyrelationships
Waterandnutrientavailabilityaswellasphlevels.
C.BioticandAbioticfactorsaffectthestabilityofpopulations,communities,andecosystems.
Waterandnutrientavailability
Availabilityofnestingmaterials
Foodchainsandwebs
Populationdensity
Speciesdiversity
Algalblooms
2.D.3:b
B.Disruptionsinecosystemscanimpactdynamichomeostasisandtheoverallbalanceofthe
ecosystem
Eruptiveorinvasivespecies
Humanimpact
Hurricanes,floods,fires,earthquakes,andvolcanoes
Waterlimitation
Salination
3.E.1:b.1
B.1.Developmentalpatternsandsequencesaredevelopedbyhomeoticgenes.
4.A.5:allstandards
Communitiesarecomposedofpopulationsoforganismsthatinteractincomplexways
A.Thestructureofacommunityismeasuredanddescribedbyspeciescompositionand
diversity.
B.Mathematicalorcomputermodelsareusedtoillustrateandinvestigatepopulation
interactionswithinandenvironmentalimpactsonacommunity.
Predator/preyrelationshipsspreadsheetmodel.
Symbioticrelationship

 Graphicalrepresentationoffielddata
Introductionofspecies
Globalclimatechangemodels
C.Graphicalrepresentationsandmodelsareusedtorepresentpopulationgrowthpatternsand
interactions.
4.A.6:allstandards
a.Energyflows,butmatterisrecycled.
b.Changesinregionalandglobalclimatesandinatmospheric
compositioninfluencepatternsofprimaryproductivity.
c.Organismswithinfoodwebsandfoodchainsinteract.
d.Foodwebsandfoodchainsaredependentonprimaryproductivity.
e.Modelsallowthepredictionoftheimpactofchangeinbioticandabioticfactors.
Evidenceofstudentlearningisademonstratedunderstandingofeachofthefollowing:
1.Competitionforresourcesandotherfactorslimitsgrowthandcanbedescribedbythelogistic
model.
2.Competitionforresources,territoriality,health,predation,accumulationofwastesandother
factorscontributetodensitydependentpopulationregulation.
f.Humanactivitiesimpactecosystemsonlocal,regionalandglobalscales.Evidenceofstudent
learningisademonstratedunderstandingofeachofthefollowing:
1.Ashumanpopulationshaveincreasedinnumbers,theirimpactonhabitatsforotherspecies
havebeenmagnified.
2.Inturn,thishasoftenreducedthepopulationsizeoftheaffectedspeciesandresultedin
habitatdestructionand,insomecases,theextinctionofspecies.
g.Manyadaptationsoforganismsarerelatedtoobtainingandusingenergyandmatterina
particularenvironment.
4.B.2:a.3
3.Interactionsamongcellsofapopulationofunicellularorganismscanbesimilartothoseof
multicellularorganisms,andtheseinteractionsleadtoincreasedefficiencyandutilizationof
energyandmatter.
4.B.3:allstandards
a.
Interactionsbetweenpopulationsaffectthedistributionsandabundanceofpopulations.
Evidenceofstudentlearningisademonstratedunderstandingofeachofthefollowing:
1.Competition,parasitism,predation,mutualismandcommensalismcanaffectpopulation
dynamics.
2.Relationshipsamonginteractingpopulationscanbecharacterizedbypositiveandnegative
effects,andcanbemodeledmathematically(predator/prey,epidemiologicalmodels,invasive
species).
3.Manycomplexsymbioticrelationshipsexistinanecosystem,andfeedbackcontrolsystems
playaroleinthefunctioningoftheseecosystems.
Apopulationoforganismshaspropertiesthataredifferentfromthoseoftheindividualsthat
makeupthepopulation.Thecooperationandcompetitionbetweenindividualscontributesto
thesedifferentproperties.

Speciesspecificandenvironmentalcatastrophes,geologicalevents,thesuddeninflux/depletion
ofabioticresourcesorincreasedhumanactivitiesaffectspeciesdistributionandabundance.

4.B.4:allstandards
a.Humanimpactaccelerateschangeatlocalandgloballevels.
Logging,slashandburnagriculture,urbanization,monocropping,infrastructuredevelopment
(dams,transmissionlines,roads),andglobalclimatechangethreatenecosystemsandlifeon
Earth.
Anintroducedspeciescanexploitanewnichefreeofpredatorsorcompetitors,thusexploiting
newresources.
Introductionofnewdiseasescandevastatenativespecies.Illustrativeexamplesinclude:
Dutchelmdisease
Potatoblight
Smallpox[historicexampleforNativeAmericans]
b.Geologicalandmeteorologicaleventsimpactecosystemdistribution.
1.Biogeographicalstudiesillustratethesechanges.
ElNio
Continentaldrift
Meteorimpactondinosaurs
4.C.2:a,b
a.Environmentalfactorsinfluencemanytraitsbothdirectlyandindirectly.
Heightandweightinhumans
FlowercolorbasedonsoilpH
Seasonalfurcolorinarcticanimals
Sexdeterminationinreptiles
Densityofplanthairsasafunctionofherbivory
EffectofaddinglactosetoaLac+bacterialculture
EffectofincreasedUVonmelaninproductioninanimals
Presenceoftheoppositematingtypeonpheromonesproductioninyeastandotherfungi
b.Anorganismsadaptationtothelocalenvironmentreflectsaflexibleresponseofitsgenome.
Darkerfurincoolerregionsofthebodyincertainmammalspecies
Alterationsintimingoffloweringduetoclimatechanges
4.C.3:a,b
a.Populationabilitytorespondtochangesintheenvironmentisaffectedbygeneticdiversity.
Speciesandpopulationswithlittlegeneticdiversityareatriskforextinction.
1.
Californiacondors
Blackfootedferrets
Prairiechickens
Potatoblightcausingthepotatofamine
Cornrusteffectsonagriculturalcrops
Tasmaniandevilsandinfectiouscancer
b.Geneticdiversityallowsindividualsinapopulationtoresponddifferentlytothesamechanges

inenvironmentalconditions.
Tofosterstudentunderstandingofthisconcept,instructorscanchooseanillustrativeexample
suchas:
Notallanimalsinapopulationstampede.
Notallindividualsinapopulationinadiseaseoutbreakareequallyaffectedsomemaynot
showsymptoms,somemayhavemildsymptoms,orsomemaybenaturallyimmuneand
resistanttothedisease.
4.C.4:a,b
a.Naturalandartificialecosystemswithfewercomponentpartsandwithlittlediversityamong
thepartsareoftenlessresilienttochangesintheenvironment.
b.Keystonespecies,producers,andessentialabioticandbioticfactorscontributeto
maintainingthediversityofanecosystem.Theeffectsofkeystonespeciesontheecosystem
aredisproportionaterelativetotheirabundanceintheecosystem,andwhentheyareremoved
fromtheecosystem,theecosystemoftencollapses.