Introduction to Electronic Communications

TABLE

1-2

Chap.

EMISSION CLASSIFICATIONS

Type of
Supplementary

modulation

Type of information

or emission

Amplitude

Frequency

Pulse

characters

None

Carrier on only

Double sideband,

on-off

Carrier on, keyed tone

Telephony, voice, or music

Facsimile,

scan

nonmoving or slow-

TV

Single sideband

Two

Vestigal sideband

Pulse amplitude modulation

TV
6

independent sidebands

(PAM)

Vestigal sideband, commercial

Pulse width modulation

(PWM)

Four-frequency diplex telephony

f

Pulse position modulation

Multiple sidebands

Unassigned

Digital video

General,

Single sideband,

all

full car-

rier

Carrier on-off

others

full carrier

Single sideband, no carrier

Classification of Transmitters

For licensing purposes

to their

classification
2.

in the

United States, radio transmitters are classified according

bandwidth, type of modulation, and type of intelligence information. The emission

is

identified

by combinations of

Emission designations include an uppercase

tion, a

number which

letters
letter

and numbers as shown

which

identifies the type of emission,

Table

in

identifies the type of

1-

modula-

and a lowercase subscript which

further defines the emission characteristics. For example, the designation

A3 a

describes

a single-sideband, reduced-carrier, amplitude-modulated signal carrying voice or music

information.

Bandwidth and Information Capacity

The two most significant limitations on system performance are noise and bandwidth.
The significance of noise is discussed later in this chapter. The bandwidth of a communications

system

is

the

minimum passband

required to propagate the source information

through the system. The bandwidth of a communications system must be sufficiently

large to pass all significant information frequencies.

The information capacity of a communications system

is

a measure of

how much

source information can be carried through the system in a given period of time. The

amount of information

that

tional to the product of the

ship

among bandwidth,

can be propagated through a transmission system

is

propor-

system bandwidth and the time of transmission. The relation-

transmission time, and information capacity was developed by

R. Hartley of Bell Telephone Laboratories in 1928. Simply stated. Hartley's law

oc

B x T

is

(1-2)