Bibliography

Primary Sources
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Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Its Microadaption for the Serodiagnosis of
Toxoplasmosis." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 5, no. 3 (1976): 273-77.
This journal provides an in-depth description of ELISA and how it works for testing. It
also tells how to useELSA in experiments to find a certain disease. The main study in the
journal is the reproduction of ELSA.
Chaudoir, Stephenie, Michael Copenhaver, Valerie Earnshaw, I-Ching Lee, Laramie Smith.
"STEREOTYPES ABOUT PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV: IMPLICATIONS FOR
PERCEPTIONS OF HIV RISK AND TESTING FREQUENCY AMONG AT-RISK
POPULATIONS." AIDS Education and Prevention : Official Publication of the
International Society for AIDS Education.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3641644/. Accessed October 21, 2015.
This article is about the stereotypes that homosexuals get about HIV. It explains the
importance of getting tested, and who is at risk of the disease. It also talks about the
stereotype of being tested, and how many homosexuals actually have HIV.
Interviews with AIDS Patients and Staff at SF General. Performed by Art Agnos, Robin Kaiser,
Diane Jones. United States: KPIX, 1988. Film.
In this film the mayor of San Francisco talks to AIDS patients about what it is like having
AIDS. He also talks with nurses at the hospital about the disease. The main reason for the
film is for World AIDS Day. The mayor wants to show what it is like having it, and how
well the hospital is.
Interviews with AIDS Patients. Performed by Otis R. Bowen. United States: C-Span, 1988. Film.
A meeting was held in Washing D.C. about AIDS, and it had many speakers that came to
talk to the nation. Ryan White can be seen talking about AIDS, and promoting the
funding for it. Many doctors can also be seen talking about how to get AIDS, and how it
effects people.
Landau, Elizabeth. "HIV in the '80s: 'People Didn't Want to Kiss You on the Cheek'" CNN. May
25, 2011. http://www.cnn.com/2011/HEALTH/05/25/edmund.white.hiv.aids/. Accessed
October 16, 2015.
This article talks about living with AIDS in the 1980s. It was so bad no one would
kiss you on your cheek because everyone was scared. It also talks about Edmund Whites
books that he has written about AIDS.
"Native Stories of HIV and AIDS in Honor of Those Living and Passed." Native Stories of HIV
and AIDS in Honor of Those Living and Passed
http://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/aids/Documents/NNHAADStories.pdf. Accessed
September 10, 2015.
The quotes from this website are from family members of those infected with AIDS or
actual people infected with AIDS. Most of the stories deal with coming to terms of

having AIDS, and how their family treated them. The people in the quotes are Native
Americans as well.
"Quotes from Church Documents about Issues of Human Life, Justice and Peace." Quotes from
Church Documents about Issues of Human Life, Justice and Peace.
http://www.usccb.org/beliefs-and-teachings/what-we-believe/quotes-issues-human
life-justice-and-peace.cfm. Accessed October 16, 2015.
This website has many quotes from Catholic Bishops about many different topics. Some
include abortion, HIV, and cloning. It shows the view point from many different Catholic
Bishops on where they stand on certain topics.
Secondary Sources
"A Timeline of AIDS." A Timeline of AIDS. https://www.aids.gov/hiv-aids-basics/hiv-aids
101/aids-timeline/. Accessed September 10, 2015.
This article goes through every year from 1981 to 2000, and it talks about significant
events that happened around AIDS. Things include the FDA allowing tests, and to Bill
Clinton declaring AIDS a national issue. Every year had many important events that
occurred during it.
Barnhart, Gwendolyn. "The Stigma of HIV/AIDS." APA. December 1, 2014.
http://www.apa.org/pi/about/newsletter/2014/12/hiv-aids.aspx. Accessed October 3,
2015.This article talks about what stereotypes actually are. It goes on to say how they
can hurt people and will affect them. It also talks about what it was like growing up in the
1980s and having AIDS. People were called many names if they were positive with
AIDS.
Brodie, Mollyann, Elizabeth Hamel, Lee Ann Brady, Jennifer Kates, and Drew E. Altman. AIDS
at 21: Media Coverage of the HIV Epidemic 1981-2002, 2004, 8.
This journal talks about how the nation is starting to loose coverage of AIDS in
America.
It is said to be disappearing from the public. There is a decline in how many
people know about AIDS.
Carmichael, Mary. "How It Began: Hiv before the Age of Aids." PBS. May 30, 2006.
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/aids/virus/origins.html. AccessedOctober 3,
2015.
This article
talks about the history of AIDS and where it started. AIDS started in humans
after one ate a
chimpanzee that was infected with AIDS. There are many theories on how it got into humans.
Geshekter, Charles L. "AIDS in Africa." AIDS in Africa. October 30, 1994.
http://www.africa.upenn.edu/Articles_Gen/aids_afr.html. Accessed October 1, 2015.
This article talks about Africa having the most people infected with AIDS. It says that
Africa has no education on how to prevent AIDS. In Africa the term AIDS can mean
many different things.
"History of HIV & AIDS in Africa." History of HIV & AIDS in Africa.
http://www.avert.org/history-hiv-aids-africa.htm. Accessed September 10, 2015.
This article talks about the people in the Congo could be infected with AIDS after

a test was taken from one person. The first epidemic occurred in Kinshasa in the 1970s.
Uganda was hit very hard in the 1980s.
"HIV & AIDS Symptoms." HIV & AIDS Symptoms. http://www.avert.org/hiv-aids
symptoms.htm. Accessed September 10, 2015.
This article talks about the possible symptoms of AIDS. They are similar to any
other illness. You can only get AIDS if exposed to the virus.
"HIV, Ageing and Comorbidities." HIV, Ageing and Comorbidities. http://www.avert.org/hiv
ageing-and-comorbidities.htm. Accessed September 10, 2015.
This article talks about the areas affected by AIDS including the brain and bones.
There are some cancers that are specific to AIDS. They are usually connected with the
progression of AIDS.
"HIV and AIDS United States, 19812000." Morbidity and Morality Weekly Report 50, no.
21 (2001): 456.
This article talks about the people that are most at risked for getting AIDS. The
greatest
impact is on the LGBT community which has the highest numbers. It also talks
about getting AIDS through needle injection.
"HIV-related Pain." HIV-related Pain. http://www.avert.org/hiv-related-pain.htm. . Accessed
September 13, 2015.
This article talks about the pain that comes with AIDS. Pain can be felt
throughout the whole body. Morphine is recommended to help with the pain.
Lane, Nancy. "Comprehensive, Up-to-date Information on HIV/AIDS Treatment, Prevention,
and Policy from the University of California San Francisco." HIV InSite Knowledge
Base. October 1, 1998. http://hivinsite.ucsf.edu/InSite?page=kb-00&doc=kb-04-01-15.
Accessed October 21, 2015. This article goes in-depth of the different pain someone with
AIDS might experience. It talks about the pain in bones and other parts of the body.
Many people infected have muscle pain.
"Learning You Are HIV Positive." Learning You Are HIV Positive.
http://www.avert.org/learning-you-are-hiv-positive.htm. Accessed September 10, 2015.
This article talks about what is like learning that you are positive for HIV. There
will be stress when you find out. It can bring many anxieties. It can cause drama with friends and
family.
Meyer, Debra. "HIV/AIDS and Education in Africa." SENCER BACKGROUNDER FOR
DISCUSSION AT SSI 2002 WITH 2003 UPDATE INCLUDED, 2003, 44.
http://d32ogoqmya1dw8.cloudfront.net/files/sencer/backgrounders/hivaids_education_afr
ica.pdf. Accessed October 1, 2015.
This article talks about the AIDS epidemic still going on in Africa. African
doctors are
finally doing testing on people to see if they are positive. It is very complex to
learn about
everything need to fully educate someone.