INDUSTRIAL TRAINING

FROM

DOORDARSHAN KENDRA, JAMMU

ON TOPIC

TELEVISION BROADCAST SYSTEM

Submitted in the partial fulfilment of requirement for the award of degree of

Bachelor Engineering
In

Electronics and Communication

Mahant Bachittar Singh College of Engineering and

Technology, Jammu

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

FUNDAMENTALS OF COLOUR
TELEVISION

TV TRANSMITTER
SETUP

TV STUDIO

DOORDARSHAN

LARGEST BOARDCASTING ORGANISATION

DOORDARSHAN = DISTANT + SHOW.
DOORDARSHAN IS AN INDIAN PUBLIC SERVICE BROADCASTER.
1st T.V STATION WAS ESTABLISHED IN DELHI IN 1959.
DOORDARSHAN MAKE USE OF BOTH TERRESTRIAL &
SATELLITE.
66 KENDRAS AT PRESENT
IN 1982 COLOUR TV WAS INTRODUCED IN THE INDIAN MARKET.

JAMMU KENDRA
LOCATED AT JANIPUR.
TWO STUDIOS.
TRANSMITTER SECTION LOCATED
SATELLITE USED INSAT-4B

UPLINKING FREQUENCY 5.999GHz

DOWNLINKING FREQUENCY 3.774GHz
TRANSPONDER C24
Transponder C24

AT BARNAI

TELEVISION
MEDIUM USED FOR RECEIVING MOVING IMAGES AND
SOUND
CLASSIFICATION

MONOCHROME

COLOUR

TELEVISION STANDARDS

NTSC

FUNDAMENTALS OF TELEVISION SYSTEM

PICTURE FORMATION

PICTURE FORMATION

SCANNING

RESOLUTION

CAPABILITY TO RESOLVE MAX. PIXELS ALONG SCANNING LINES

VERTICAL RESOLUTION DEPENDS ON NO. OF SCANNING LINES

GREYSCALE AND BRIGHTNESS

MIXING OF BLACK AND WHITE AT A CONTRAST RATIO OF 20:1

BRIGHTNESS = ILLUMINATION OF REPRODUCED IMAGE
CAN BE CONTROLLED BY ADJUSTING VOLTAGE BETWEEN GRID AND
CATHODE

CONTRAST
RELATIVE

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BLACK AND WHITE

CONTROLLED BY ADJUSTING SIGNAL FED TO PICTURE TUBE

COLOUR COMPOSITE VIDEO

SIGNAL(CCVS)
SCANNING
SIGNAL

CCV
S
ADDITIONA
L SIGNALS

COLOUR COMPOSITE VIDEO SIGNAL

Front porch is to crate horizontal blanking. Also contain sync pulse

Back porch is the portion of each scan line between end of horizontal sync
pulse and start of active video signal
Colour burst is absent in the black and white transmission of video signal

ADDITIVE COLOUR MIXING

Y = 0.3 R + 0.59 G + 0.11 B

TELEVISION STUDIO

AN
INSTALLATION
WHERE
THE
PROGRAMMES ARE RECORDED FOR LIVE
TRANSMISSION AS WELL AS FOR LATER
TRANSMISSION

STUDIO CENTRE

ACTION AREA

CENTRAL APPARATUS ROOM

PRODUCTION CONTROL ROOM

ACTION AREA
LIGHTNING
CAMERA
MICROPHONE

LIGHTING
BASIC POINTING LIGHTS

KEY LIGHT : SHAPE AND MODELLING

FILL LIGHT : LIGHTING CONTRAST
BACK LIGHT : REVEALS TEXTURE

INTENSITY OF LIGHT
TYPE

INTENSITY OF LIGHTING

KEY LIGHT

100%

FILL LIGHT

80%

BACK LIGHT

110%

CAMERA

CCD (CHARGE COUPLED DEVICES)

CCD CAMERA

MICROPHONE
ACCOUSTIC TO ELECTRIC TRANSDUCER

TYPES OF MICROPHONE USED:

CONDENSER MICROPHONE
DYNAMIC MICROPHONE
RIBBON MICROPHONE
PIEZOELECTRIC MICROPHONE

CENTRAL APPARATUS ROOM

SYNC-PULSE GENERATOR
CONSISTS OF CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR. PROVIDES SYNCHRONISM
BETWEEN VIDEO RECOURCES

CAMERA CONTROL UNIT

CAMERA

LIGHTNING CONTROL UNIT

CCU

DISTRIBUTION
AMPLIFIER

TRANSMISSION SETUP
VESTIGIAL SIDE BAND
EXCITER
POWER AMPLIFIER

TRANSMISSION

VESTIGIAL SIDE BAND TRANSMISSION

POWER AMPLIFIER

VIDEO AMPLIFIER

AUDIO AMPLIFIER

MODULATED VIDEO(AM-VSB) IS AMPLIFIED

10 POWER AMPLIFIERS OF 1KW EACH

MODULATED AUDIO(FM) IS AMPLIFIED

2 POWER AMPLIFIERS OF 1KW EACH

MODES OF TRANSMISSION FROM

STUDIO TO TV TRANSMITTER
SATELLITE

SATELLITE COMMUNICATION

DEFINITION
LINE OF SIGHT
SPECIFICATIONS

MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION

PRINCIPLE
MULTIPLE TOWERS WITH AMPLIFIERS

TV TRANSMITTER

Aid of antenna

Produces radio wave

Connect earth station to satellites
Also connect television

ANTENNAS
Isotropic antenna (idealized)
o

Radiates power equally in all directions.

Dipole antennaso
o

Half-wave dipole antenna (or Hertz antenna)

Quarter-wave vertical antenna (or Marconi
antenna)

Parabolic Dish / Reflective Antenna

EXCITER
THER ARE TWO SEPARATE I/Ps FOR AUDIO AND VIDEO SIGNAL

VIDEO SIGNAL APPLIED TO A/D => D/A

OUTPUT OF MODULATOR IS MIXED WITH SYNTHESIZERS

FREQUENCY

OUTPUT OF MIXER IS AGAIN AMPLITUDE MODULATED WITH

HIGHER FREQUENCY

VIDEO IS AM AND SOUND IS FM

DEVICES USED

INTEGRATED RECEIVER DECODER (IRD)

VIDEO TAPE RECORDER (VTR)

FRAME SYNCHRONISER

SYNC PULSE GENERATOR

CONCLUSION
ANTENNA

POWER
AMPLIFIER

RF
AMPLIFIER

CRYSTAL
OSCILLATOR

COMBINING
NETWORK

SCANNING
CIRCUIT

CAMER
A

MIC.

VIDEO
AMPLIFIER
AUDIO
AMPLIFIER

AM
MODULATIO
N
AMPLIFIER

FM
MODULATO
R

FM SOUND
TRANSMITTE
R

BROADCAST SYSTEM

BIBLIOGRAPHY

http://inventors.about.com/od/tstartinventions/a/Television.ht
m
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcast_television_systems
http://www.althos.com/tutorial/TV-advertising-tutorial-broadca
st-television-system.html
http://www.scribd.com/doc/44694977/Modern-Communication
-Systems-PART-1-TELEVISION
http://www.danalee.ca/ttt/transmission.htm

Submitted By

Pratiq Koul
07/11

Parshant Mahajan
80/11

THANK YOU