16 (Anal Add Math CD)

Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 16
CHAPTER
16
1. (a)
Trigonometric Functions
2. (a)
370
x
30

(b)
Quadrant I

(b)
360 30 = 330
y
x
x
520
120

(c)
Quadrant III
4 =
4 180
(c)
3
3

= 240
x
420

(d)
360 120 = 240
180
7
7 =
3
3

= 420
Quadrant I
2
4 =
2
3
3
420
x
180
7
7 =

3
3

= 420

Quadrant IV
1
Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.
5.
5 180
5 =
(d)
3
3

= 300

60
30

3
(a) sin 120 = sin 60

AB3

=
2
x
5
(b) cos 210 = cos 30

AB3

=
2
1
5 =
2
3
3
3.
(c) cot (120) = cot 240

= cot 60
1

=
AB3
y
P(3, 4)
(d) tan (30) = tan 330

= tan 30
1

=
AB3
4
(a) sin q =
5
3
(b) cos q =
5
4
(c) tan q =
3
5
(d) sec q =
3
5
(e) cosec q =
4
3
(f) cot q =
4
(e)
45

2
45
1
4.
6.
y
6
8
sin 315 = sin 45

1

=
AB2
y
5
3
4
P(6, 8)
(a) cos A = cos a

4

=
5
6
(a) cot A =
8
3

=
4
(b) cot A = cot a

4

=
3
8
(b) sin A =
10
4

=
5
(c) sec A = sec a

5

=
4
10
(c) sec A =
6
5

=
3
10
7.
1
10. (a) sin q =
2
q = 30, 150
y
B

24
1
(b) cos q =
2
q = 120, 240
(c) 2 tan q = 5
5
tan q =
2
5

q = tan1
2

= 6812, 24812
(a) tan B = tan a

ABB
24

=
1 2
(b) sin B = sin a
=
5
(c) cosec B = cosec a
5
=
ABB
24
ABB
24
sin A
8. (a) tan A =
cos A
3

=
4
5
5
3

=
4
5
3

=
4
1 21
(d) 4 cot q = tan q

1

4 = tan q
tan q
tan2 q = 4
tan q = 2

q = 6326, 11634, 24326, 29634
(e) 3 sin q cos (90 q) = 1

3 sin q sin q = 1

2 sin q = 1

1
sin q =
2
q = 210, 330
(f) cot q + tan (90 q) = 4

cot q + cot q = 4

2 cot q = 4

cot q = 2
1

tan q =
2

q = 2634, 20634
1
(b) sec A =
cos A
1

=
4
5
5

=
4
(g) 3 sec (90 q) cosec q =

3 cosec q cosec q =

2 cosec q =

cosec q =
1
(c) cosec A =
sin A
1

=
3
5
5

=
3
9.
4
4
4
2
1
sin q =
2
q = 210, 330
(h) sin2 q + 3 sin q + 2 = 0

(sin q + 1)(sin q + 2) = 0
sin q = 1 , sin q = 2
q = 270
q undefined
0
1 t2
Therefore, q = 270
(i)
2 sec q + cos q = 1
2
+ cos q = 1
cos q

2 + cos2 q = cos q
cos2 q cos q 2 = 0
(cos q 2)(cos q + 1) = 0
cos q = 2 , cos q = 1
q undefined
q = 180
ABBBB
1 t2
(a) cot q =
t
(b) sec (90 q) = cosec q

1

=
t
(c) sin (q) = sin q

= t
Therefore, q = 180
11. (a)
(j) sin 2q = 1

2q = 270, 630

q = 135, 315
(b)
(c)
270
360
y
3
y = 2 sin x + 1
1
0
1
2
2
(d)
x
90
180 270
360
y
90
0
45
180
135
270
225
360
315
1
2
y = sin 2x 1
(e)
q
(o) 2 cosec 30 = 3
3
q
3
cosec 30 =
3
2
q
2
sin 30 =
3
3
q
30 = 4149

3
q = 7149

3

q = 21527
2
2
2
y
y = cos 2
(f)
(p) cos (q) + cos2 q 2 = 0

cos q + cos2 q 2 = 0
cos2 q + cos q 2 = 0
(cos q + 2)(cos q 1) = 0
cos q = 2
, cos q = 1
q undefined
q = 0, 360
0
2
y
y = 2 cos
Therefore, q = 0, 360
x
90 180
q
(n) sec + 10 = 2
2
q
1
cos + 10 =
2
2
q
+ 10 = 60
2
q = 50

2

q = 100
360
y = 2 sin x
1 2
1
1
1
270
y
2
2
2q 30 = tan1
3
= 3341, 21341, 39341,
57341
2q = 6341, 24341, 42341,
60341
q = 3151, 12151, 21151,
30151
1
1
90 180
(m) 2 cot (2q 30) = 3

3

cot (2q 30) =
2
2

tan (2q 30) =
3

(l) tan (q + 45) = 1

q + 45 = 135, 315

q = 90, 270
y = sin 2x
(k) 2 cos 2q + 1 = 0
1

cos 2q =
2

2q = 120, 240, 480, 600

q = 60, 120, 240, 300
(g)
(m)
y
1
0
y = |sin 2x | + 1
(h)
y = 2 cos 1
90
(n)
270
360
y = cos 2 + 1
0
0
(i)
180
45
180
135
270
225
360
180
270
360
y = |sin 2x |
(o)
y = tan 2x
90
0
90
y
3
y = sin x
2
1
x
315
60 120 180 240300 360
(j)
(p)
y = 2 tan x
y
3
y = cos x
2
240
90
180
270
360
60
120 180 300
x
360
(k)
(q)
y
y = |sin x |
(l)
90
180 270
y = |cos 2x |
270
240
360
y
3
x
180
120
360
(r)
90
y = 2 sin 3x
360
1
y = 3 sin x
2
x
180
360
12. (a)
15. y = 1 + cos x
y
x
y=
x
y
y = sin x
The number of solutions is 2.
1
0
1.5
2.5
3.0
y = 1 + cos x
3
y = x
4
3x
y=
2
y = 2 |sin 2x |
y
2
13. (a)
0.5
1.88 1.54 1.07 0.58 0.20 0.01
3x
y=
4
(b) sin x = x
x
sin x =
x
2
3x
(b) sin 2x = 1
2
3x 2

2 sin 2x =

There are 3 solutions.
14. y = 3 sin x
x
1.5
2.6
2.6
1.5
16. (a)
a2 + c2 =
a
c2

+
=
2
b
b2
c 2
a 2

+ =
b
b
sin2 q + cos2 q =
1 2 1 2
1.5
3
2
x
y=2
x
sin x + =
3
x
3 sin x +
=
3
2
17. (a) 1 + sin2 A

= 1 + (1 cos2 A)

= 2 cos2 A
(b) tan A(tan A cot A)

= tan2 A 1

= (sec2 A 1) 1

= sec2 A 2
x
3 sin x = 2
The solutions are 0.7 and 2.8.

(c) sin2 q + cos2 q = 1

1
sin2 q
cos2 q

+
=
2
sin2 q
sin q
sin2 q

1 + cot2 q = cosec2 q
y = 3 sin x
b2
b2
b2
(b) sin q + cos q = 1

1
sin2 q
cos2 q

+
=
2
cos2 q
cos q
cos2 q
tan2 q + 1 = sec2 q
2
4 cos x + 4 = 3x
3x
cos x + 1 =
4
The solution is 1.5.
x
y=2
1
,
sin q = 1
sin q =
4
q = 90
q = 19429, 34531
cos2 A sin2 A
(c) cot2 A sin2 A =
sin2 A

= cos2 A

= 1 sin2 A
(d) cosec A + cot A = cosec A + (cosec A 1)

= 2 cosec2 A 1
2
cos2 A + sin2 A
1
1 =
(e)
+
2
2
sin A
cos A
sin2 A cos2 A
1

=
sin2 A cos2 A
1
1

=
sin2 A cos2 A

= cosec2 A sec2 A
21

sin 2q 2 = 0
, sin 2q 1 = 0

sin 2q = 2

sin 2q = 1

q undefined
2q = 90, 450

q = 45, 225

Therefore, q = 45, 225
18. (a) sin2 q + cos q = 1

1 cos2 q + cos q = 1
cos2 q cos q = 0
cos q(cos q 1) = 0
cos q = 0
, cos q = 1
q = 90, 270
q = 0, 360

cos (2q 30) = 0

2q 30 = 90, 270, 450, 630

2q = 120, 300, 480, 660

q = 60, 150, 240, 330

sin (2q 30) 2 = 0

sin (2q 30) = 2
q undefined

Therefore, q = 60, 150, 240, 330
Therefore, q = 0, 90, 270, 360
(b)
tan q + cot q = 2
1
tan q + = 2
tan q

tan2 q + 1 = 2 tan q
2
tan q 2 tan q + 1 = 0
(tan q 1)(tan q 1) = 0

tan q = 1

q = 45, 225
19. (a) cos B(sin A cos A) + sin B(cos A + sin A)

= cos B sin A cos B cos A + sin B cos A
+ sin B sin A

= sin A cos B + sin B cos A cos B cos A
+ sin B sin A

= sin (A + B) (cos A cos B sin A sin B)

= sin (A + B) cos (A + B)

cos A cos B sin A sin B
cos (A + B)
(b) =
sin B cos A
sin B cos A
sin A sin B
cos
A
cos
B

=
sin B cos A
sin B cos A
sin A
cos B

=
cos A
sin B

= cot B tan A
(c) sec2 q + tan2 q = 4

1 + tan2 q + tan2 q = 4

2 tan2 q = 3
3

tan2 q =
2

2
tan (2q 30) =
cos (2q 30)
2
sin (2q 30)
=
cos (2q 30) cos (2q 30)
sin (2q 30) cos (2q 30) = 2 cos (2q 30)
sin (2q 30) cos (2q 30) 2 cos (2q 30) = 0
cos (2q 30) [sin (2q 30) 2] = 0
(f)

sin2 2A + sec2 2A = 3 tan2 2A + sec2 2A

(f) 3
cos2 2A

= 3(sec2 2A 1) + sec2 2A

= 3 sec2 2A 3 + sec2 2A

= 4 sec2 2A 3
Therefore, q = 90, 19429, 34531
(e) cos2 2q + 3 sin 2q = 3

1 sin2 2q + 3 sin 2q = 3
sin2 2q 3 sin 2q + 2 = 0

(sin 2q 2)(sin 2q 1) = 0
3
tan q =
2
q = 5046, 12914, 23046,
30914
ABB
(c) sec A sin (A + B) sec B

1
1
(sin A cos B + cos A sin B)

=
cos B
cos A
1
(sin A cos B + cos A sin B)

=
cos A cos B
cos A sin B
sin A cos B +

=
cos A cos B cos A cos B
sin B
sin A
+

=
cos A cos B

= tan A + tan B
1
3 cosec q 4 =
sin2 q
3
1
4 =

sin q
sin2 q

3 sin q 4 sin2 q = 1

4 sin2 q 3 sin q 1 = 0

(4 sin q + 1)(sin q 1) = 0
(d)
sin A sin B cos A cos B

(d) 1
cos A cos B sin (A + B)
43
cos A cos B sin A sin B

cos A cos B
=
cos A cos B
sin (A + B)
cos
(A
+
B)
=
sin (A + B)
= cot (A + B)
(d) cosec 2A tan A

1
sin A

=

sin 2A
cos A
sin A
1

=
cos A
2 sin A cos A
1 2 sin2 A

=
2 sin A cos A
cos
2A

=
sin 2A

= cot 2A
43
20. sin (A + B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B

Let B = A
sin 2A = sin A cos A + cos A sin A

= 2 sin A cos A
24. (a) 6 sin x cos x = 1

1

2 sin x cos x =
3
1

sin 2x =
3

2x = 1928, 16032, 37928, 52032

x = 944, 8016, 18944, 26016
21. cos (A + B) = cos A cos B sin A sin B

Let B = A
cos 2A = cos A cos A sin A sin A

= cos2 A sin2 A

= cos2 A (1 cos2 A)

= cos2 A 1 + cos2 A

= 2 cos2 A 1
(b) 2 sin 2x + sin2 x = cos2 x

2 sin 2x = cos2 x sin2 x

2 sin 2x = cos 2x
sin 2x
1

=
cos 2x
2
1

tan 2x =
2

2x = 2634, 20634, 38634,

56634

x = 1317, 10317, 19317,

28317
tan A + tan B
22. tan (A + B) =
1 tan A tan B
Let B = A
tan A + tan A
tan 2A =
1 tan A tan A
2 tan A

=
1 tan2 A

(c) sin (x + 30) = sin (x 30)

sin x cos 30 + cos x sin 30

= sin x cos 30 cos x sin 30
cos x sin 30 + cos x sin 30

= sin x cos 30 sin x cos 30

2 cos x sin 30 = 0

cos x = 0

x = 90, 270
cos2 A sin2 A
2 cos 2A
23. (a) =
2 sin A cos A
sin A cos A
2 cos 2A

=
sin 2A

= 2 cot 2A
(b) cos2 A 1 = cos2 A (sin2 A + cos2 A)

= cos2 A sin2 A cos2 A

= sin2 A

= cos 2A cos2 A
25. (a) cos x cos 60 sin x sin 60 = sin 30

cos (x + 60) = sin 30
1

=
2

x + 60 = 60, 300, 420

x = 0, 240, 360
(b) 2 sin2 x + 3 sin 2x = 1

3 sin 2x = 1 2 sin2 x

= cos 2x
sin 2x
1

=
cos 2x
3
1

tan 2x =
3

2x = 1826, 19826, 37826,

55826

x = 913, 9913, 18913,

27913
(c) (tan A tan B)(sin A sin B)

sin B
sin A
(sin A sin B)

=
cos B
cos A
sin A cos B sin B cos A
(sin A sin B)

=
cos A cos B
sin A sin B

= sin (A B)
cos A cos B

= sin (A B) tan A tan B
(c)
2 sin x cos 45 = 2 cos x sin 45 1

2 sin x cos 45 2 cos x sin 45 = 1
1
sin x cos 45 cos x sin 45 =
2
1

sin (x 45) =
2

x 45 = 210

x = 255
(b) sin (A + B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B

AB3
1 +
3
4

=
2
5
5 2
4AB
3
3 +

=
10
10
26. (a) sin (x + y) = sin x cos y + cos x sin y

1
2 +

=
5
5
3

=
5
1 21
(b) sin (x y) = sin x cos y cos x sin y

1
2

=
5
5
1

=
5
2
B
1 0
3 2
=12
5
=12 9
25
18
= 1
25
7
=
25
1 2
1 2
1
1 and sin B =
29. Given tan A =
3
2

y
1 21
3
3
4AB
=
10
(d) sin 2B = 2 sin B cos B

AB3
1

= 2
2
2
AB3

=
2
(b) cos (x y) = cos x cos y + sin x sin y

1
1 +

=
2
4
3

=
4

3
2 1 21 2
(c) cos 2A = 1 2 sin2 A
27. (a) cos (x + y) = cos x cos y sin x sin y

1
1

=
2
4
1

=
4
28. (a)
3
3 + 4AB
=
3
4 3AB
4
3
3 + 4AB
=
3
4 3AB

5
A
0
3
B

8
\ A and B are in 2nd quadrant,

where 90 , A , 180 and 90 , B , 180.
tan (A B)
tan A tan B
=
1 + tan A tan B
3 (AB
3)
4
=
3 (AB
1+
3)
4
3 + AB
3
4
=
3AB
3
1
4
(a) (i)
1 2
2 tan A
tan 2A =
1 tan2 A
1
2
2

=
1 2
1
2
1

=
3
4
4

=
3
(ii) tan 4A = tan 2(2A)

2 tan 2A

=
1 tan2 2A

(b) (i)
4
2
3
=
4 2
1
3
=
16
1
9
1
sec 2A =
cos 2A
1

=
2 cos2 A 1
1

=
2
2
2 1
AB5
1

=
3
5
5

=
3
3
(ii) cos 2A =
5

cos 4A = cos 2(2A)

= 2 cos2 2A 1
(iii) tan 3A = tan (A + 2A)
8
9
=
3
7
24
=
7
21
tan A + tan 2A
=
1 tan A tan 2A
1 +
4
2
3
=
1
4
1
2
3
(iv)
2 1 2
1 21 2
3 21
=2
5
18 1
=
25
7
=
25
1 2

(iii) cos 3A = cos (A + 2A)

= cos A cos 2A sin A sin 2A
= cos A cos 2A sin A (2 sin A cos A)
2
1
1
3

=

2
5
AB5
AB5
AB5
2

AB5
6
4
+

=
5AB
5
5AB
5
2

=
5
5AB
4
1
3
2
=
2
1
3
3
11
=
1
6
11
=
2
21 2
A
tan A = tan 2
2
1 2
A
(iv) cos A = 2 cos2 1
2
A
2
2
1
= 2 cos
2
AB5

A
2 tan
2
1

=
2
A
2
1 tan
2
A
A

4 tan = tan2 1
2
2
A
A
2
tan
4 tan 1 = 0
2
2
(4)2 4(1)(1)
(4) ABBBBBBBBBBB
A
tan =
2
2(1)
20
4 ABB

=
2
5
4 2AB

=
2
5

= 2 AB
5 , 2 + AB
5

= 2 AB
A
2 cos2 = 0.1056
2
A
2
cos
= 0.0528
2
A

Since 45 , , 90,
2
A

then cos = 0.2298
2

10
(c) (i)
sin 2B = 2 sin B cos B
AB8
1
=2
3
3
AB2
2
1
=2
3
3
AB
4 2
=
9
1 21
1 21
3.
6 cosec2 x = 13 cot x

6(1 + cot2 x) = 13 cot x

6 + 6 cot2 x = 13 cot x
6 cot2 x 13 cot x + 6 = 0
(2 cot x 3)(3 cot x 2) = 0
2
3
,
cot x =
cot x =
3
2
3
2
tan x = tan x =
2
3
x = 3341, 21341
x = 5619, 23619
(ii) sin 4B = 2 sin 2B cos 2B

= 2 sin 2B(1 2 sin2 B)
2
4AB
1 2

= 2
12
3
9
AB
2
8
7

=
9 9
AB2
56

=
81
23
1 24
1 2
(iii) sin 3B = sin (B + 2B)

= sin B cos 2B + cos B sin 2B
AB8
AB2
1
7 +

=
4
3 9
3
9
16
7
+

=
27
27
23

=
27
1 21 2 1
21
Therefore, x = 3341, 5619, 21341, 23619
4. (a) cot x sin 2x

=
cos x (2 sin x cos x)
sin x

= 2 cos2 x

= 1 + cos 2x
B
(iv) cos B = cos 2
2
AB
B
8
= 1 2 sin2
2
3
B
2

2 sin
= 1.9428
2
B
sin2 = 0.9714
2
B

Since 45 , , 90,
2
B

then sin = 0.9856
2
1.

1 k2
cos 2x = 1
2
2x = 120, 240, 480, 600
x = 60, 120, 240, 300
Therefore, q = 4125, 90, 270, 31835
6. (a)
y
y = 2 sin x
1
(b) sec q =
cos q

5.
2 + 2 cos 2q = 3 cos q

2 + 2(2 cos2 q 1) = 3 cos q

2 + 4 cos2 q 2 = 3 cos q

4 cos2 q 3 cos q = 0
cos q(4 cos q 3) = 0
cos q = 0
,
4 cos q 3 = 0
3

q = 90, 270
cos q =
4

q = 4125, 31835
k
(a) tan q =
ABBBB
1 k2
1
2
1
1 + cos 2x =
2
(b) cot x sin 2x =
1 2
1
=
ABBBB
1 k2
y=
2x
x
2
(b) 2 sin x + = 0
2x

2 sin x =
2x
(c) cos (90 q) = sin q

=
k
A suitable graph to be added is y =

2x
2.
sin2 q + 2 sin q = 3
sin2 q + 2 sin q 3 = 0
(sin q + 3)(sin q 1) = 0
sin q = 3 ,
sin q = 1

q undefined
q = 90
11
7.
tan x 2 sin x = 0
sin
x 2 sin x = 0

cos x
sin x 2 sin x cos x = 0
sin x(1 2 cos x) = 0
sin x = 0
, 1 2 cos x = 0
1
x =
0,
180,
360

cos x =
2

x = 60, 300

(b) (i)
90
x
x
y=1
180
180
2.
y

1 + k2
k
0
1
There is only one solution.
y
1
1. 2 cos (2q 15) = 1

1
cos (2q 15) =
2

2q 15 = 60, 300, 420, 660

q = 3730, 15730, 21730, 33730
x
The line to be drawn is y = 1 .
180
(b)
3x
3 x =
1
(ii) sin
2
2
2
3x
3

2 sin x =
1
2
3

The straight line is y =
x 1.
9. (a) (sin x + cos x)2 = sin2 x + 2 sin x cos x + cos2 x

= sin2 x + cos2 x + sin 2x

= 1 + sin 2x
x
1
(b) sin x cos x =
2 360
x

2 sin x cos x = 1
180
x

sin 2x = 1
180

3
y = 2 sin x
2
2
y = sin 2x
3
y = x
1
0
1
y
1
y
2
Therefore, x = 0, 60, 180, 300, 360.

8. (a)
2 cos 2q
=
2 sin q cos q
2 cos 2q
=
sin 2q
= 2 cot 2q
y = cos 2x
k
(a) sin q =
ABBBB
1 + k2
x
y=
2
1
(b) sec (90 q) =
cos (90 q)
1

=
sin q

x
2 sin2 x 3 =
x
2 sin2 x 1 =
+2
x
1 2 sin2 x =
2
x

cos 2x =
2
ABBBB
1 + k2
=
k
3.
2 sin q = tan q
sin q
=
cos q
2 sin q cos q sin q = 0
sin q(2 cos q 1) = 0
sin q = 0
,
2 cos q 1 = 0
1
q = 0, 180, 360
cos q =
2

q = 60, 300
x
The straight line to be drawn is y =
2.
cos q
sin q
10. (a) cot q tan q =
sin q
cos q
cos2 q sin2 q

=
sin q cos q
cos 2q

=
sin q cos q
Therefore, q = 0, 60, 180, 300, 360
12
1
,
sin q =
2
q = 30, 150
4. cot q = 4 tan q
1 = 4 tan q

tan q
1
tan2 q =
4
1
tan q =
2

q = 2634, 15326, 20634, 33326
Therefore, q = 30, 150, 270

sin 4q = 1
cos 2q

sin 4q = cos 2q
2 sin 2q cos 2q cos 2q = 0

cos 2q(2 sin 2q 1) = 0
cos 2q = 0
2q = 90, 270, 450, 630

q = 45, 135, 225, 315
10.
5.
3 + sec2 x = tan x

3 + 1 + tan2 x = tan x
tan2 x tan x 2 = 0
(tan x 2)(tan x + 1) = 0
tan x = 2
,
tan x = 1
x = 6326, 24326
x = 135, 315
2 sin 2q 1 = 0
1
sin 2q =
2

2q = 30, 150, 390, 510

q = 15, 75, 195, 255

Therefore, x = 6326, 135, 24326, 315
6.
2 sin2 x + cos x = 1
2(1 cos2 x) + cos x = 1
2 2 cos2 x + cos x 1 = 0
2 cos2 x cos x 1 = 0
(2 cos x + 1)(cos x 1) = 0
2 cos x + 1 = 0
,
cos x = 1
1
x = 0, 360
cos x =
2
x = 120, 240
Therefore, q = 15, 45, 75, 135, 195, 225, 255, 315

11. sin2 (2x + 10) = 2 cos (2x + 10) 2
1 cos2 (2x + 10) = 2 cos (2x + 10) 2
cos2 (2x + 10) + 2 cos (2x + 10) 3 = 0
[cos (2x + 10) + 3][cos (2x + 10) 1] = 0
cos (2x + 10) + 3 = 0
cos (2x + 10) = 3
x undefined
Therefore, x = 0, 120, 240, 360
cos (2x + 10) = 1

2x + 10 = 0, 360, 720

2x = 10, 350, 710

x = 5, 175, 355
7.
3 cot2 x + cosec x 1 = 0
3(cosec2 x 1) + cosec x 1 = 0
3 cosec2 x 3 + cosec x 1 = 0

3 cosec2 x + cosec x 4 = 0
(3 cosec x + 4)(cosec x 1) = 0
4 ,
cosec x = 1
cosec x =
3
sin x = 1
3
sin x =
x = 90
4
x = 22835, 31125
Therefore, x = 175, 355

12.

1 t2
Therefore, x = 90, 22835, 31125
8.
sin q = 1
q = 270
B 1
A
0
1
4 sin q =
2 cos q
1
sin q cos q =
4
1
sin 2q =
4
2q = 1429, 16531, 37429, 52531
q = 715, 8246, 18715, 26246

1 k2
(a) tan (A B)
tan A tan B

=
1 + tan A tan B

9.
cos 2q = sin q

1 2 sin2 q = sin q
2 sin2 q + sin q 1 = 0
(2 sin q 1)(sin q + 1) = 0
13
ABBBB
k
1 t2
+
t
ABBBB
1 k2
=
ABBBB
k
1 t2
1 +
t
ABBBB
1 k2
21
(1 k2)(1 t2)
kt + ABBBBBBBBBB
1 k2 )(t)
(ABBBB
=
1 k2 kABBBB
1 t2
tABBBB
1 k2 )(t)
(ABBBB
(1 k2)(1 t2)
kt + ABBBBBBBBBB
=
1 k2 kABBBB
1 t2
tABBBB
sec q +
cosec q
18. (a)
cos q
sin q
1
1

=
+
cos2 q
sin2 q
sin2 q + cos2 q

=
cos2 q sin2 q
1

=
(cos q sin q)(cos q sin q)
4

=
(2 cos q sin q)(2 cos q sin q)
4

=
sin2 2q

= 4 cosec2 2q
1
(b) cosec 2B =
sin 2B
1

=
2 sin B cos B
1

=
1 t2 )(t)
2(ABBBB
1

=
ABBBB
1
t2
2t

(b)
cos x + sin x = cos x

sin x
x

+ cos x = 1
x

+ tan x = 1
x

+ 1 = tan x

y = | tan x |
16.
y = |cos x | + 2
2
1
x
17.
180
360
(b)
y
1
x
The suitable straight line is y =
+1
There is only one solution.
sin x
cos x
19. (a) cot x + tan x = +
cos x
sin x
cos2 x + sin2 x

=
sin x cos x
1

=
sin x cos x
2

=
2 sin x cos x
2

=
sin 2x

= 2 cosec 2x
y
3
y
y = (x )
y = sin 2x
x
180
360
0
14
y = |sin 2x |
2
y = tan x
14. cos 2q + 2 sin2 q = (1 2 sin2 q) + 2 sin2 q

=1
y
x
y=
+1
13. (sin q + cos q)(sin q cos q)

= sin2 q cos2 q
= (1 cos2 q) cos2 q
= 1 2 cos2 q
15.
y
2
x2 + 2 = sin 2x + 2x

sin 2x = x2 2x + 2

= (x )2

20. (a)

(i)
cos A = k
A

2 cos2 1 = k
2
1+k
A
cos2 =
2
2
A

Since 0 , , 45,
2
1+k
A

then cos =
2
2
The suitable graph is y = (x )2

There are 3 solutions
ABBBB
2 cos2 x sin2 x = cos2 x + cos2 x sin2 x

= cos2 x + cos 2x

= (1 sin2 x) + cos 2x

= 1 + cos 2x sin2 x
(b) y = cos 2x
x
45
90
135
0
180
1
y
y = |cos 2x |
1.0
0.5
60
180
x
1
y=
120 2
0.5
120
x
2 cos 2x = 1
60
x
2 cos 2x = 1
60
x
1
cos 2x =
120 2
(iii)

y
2B
x
1
The suitable line is y =
120 2
The solution is x = 120
A
0
(i)

x

1 t2

cos 2B = t
2 cos2 B 1 = t
1+t
cos2 B =
2

Since 270 , 2B , 360

135 , B , 180,

cos 3A
= cos (A + 2A)
= cos A cos 2A sin A sin 2A
1 k2 (2 sin A cos A)
=
k(2k2 1) ABBBB
2
1 k2 (2 ABBBB
1 k2 k)
=
k(2k 1) ABBBB
2
2
=
k(2k 1) 2k(1 k )
= 2k3 k 2k + 2k3
= 4k3 3k
=
k(4k2 3)
(b)
21. (a) sin 3A

= sin (A + 2A)

= sin A cos 2A + cos A sin 2A

= sin A(1 2 sin2 A) + cos A(2 sin A cos A)

= sin A 2 sin3 A + 2 sin A cos2 A

= sin A(1 2 sin2 A + 2 cos2 A)

= sin A[1 2(sin2 A cos2 A)]

= sin A(1 + 2 cos 2A)
(b)
(ii) cos 2A = 2 cos2 A 1

= 2k2 1
1
2 sin A
22. (a)
+
cos2 A
cos A
2 sin A cos A
1

=
+
cos2 A
cos2 A
2 sin A cos A

= sec2 A +
cos A cos A

= sec2 A + 2 tan A

= 1 + tan2 A + 2 tan A

= tan2 A + 2 tan A + 1

= (1+ tan A)2
ABBBBB
1+t
then cos B =
2

1 k2
x
15
25. (a) sin (x + 30) + cos (x 60) = 0

sin x cos 30 + cos x sin 30 +
(cos x cos 60 + sin x sin 60) = 0
B
(ii) cos B = 1 2 sin2
2
B
1
+
t
= 1 2 sin2
2
2
1
+
t
2 B

2 sin = 1 +
2
2
1
+t
1 +
2
2 B
sin =
2
2
1
1

Since 67 , B , 90,
2
2
ABBBBB
B
then sin =
2
ABBBBB
ABBBBB
3 sin x = 0
cos x + AB
3 sin x = cos x
AB
sin x
1

cos x =
AB3
1
tan x =
AB3
x = 150, 330
ABBBBB
ABBBBB
1+t
1 +
2

(b)
23. (a) sin (x y) = sin x cos y cos x sin y

=
kp
1 B

1 t2
(b) sin 2y = 2 sin y cos y

2 sin y cos y
2 sin x cos x

=
2 sin x cos x
4(sin x cos y)(cos x sin y)

=
sin 2x

= 4kp cosec 2x

1 + k2
A
(c) sin x sin y

= sin x sin y + cos x cos y cos x cos y

= cos x cos y + sin x sin y cos x cos y

=
t (cos x cos y sin x sin y)

=
t cos (x + y)
sin (A B)
= sin A cos B cos A sin B
k
1
1 t2 )
=
(t) (ABBBB
ABBBB
ABBBB
1 + k2
1 + k2
kt
ABBBB
1 t2
=
2
ABBBB
1+k
ABBBB
1 + k2
3
1
=
26. (a) 1 +
tan x
sin2 x
3 cos x
sin2 x + 1 = sin2 x
sin x
sin2 x + 1 = 3 sin x cos x
sin2 x + sin2 x + cos2 x = 3 sin x cos x

2 sin2 x 3 sin x cos x + cos2 x = 0

(2 sin x cos x)(sin x cos x) = 0

2 sin x cos x = 0
1

tan x =
2

x = 2634, 20634
sin x
1
1 2 sin x
24. (a)
cos x =
2 sin x cos x
2 sin x cos x
cos 2x

=
sin 2x

= cot 2x
2
(b) tan (x + y) = sec2 x tan2 x

= 1 + tan2 x tan2 x

= 1
x + y = 225......................... 1

sin x cos x = 0
tan x 1 = 0
tan x = 1

x = 45, 225

tan (x y) = 1
x y = 135......................... 2

1 + 2, 2x = 360

x = 180
Therefore, x = 2634, 45, 20634, 225
(b) cos (A B) = sin (A C)

cos A cos B + sin A sin B = sin A cos C

cos A sin C
sin A sin B sin A cos C = cos A sin C

cos A cos B
Substitute x = 180 into 1,

y = 225 180

= 45
AB3
AB3
1
1
sin x + cos x + cos x + sin x = 0
2
2
2
2
16
sin A(sin B cos C) = cos A(sin C cos B)

sin A
sin C cos B
=

cos A
sin B cos C
(cos B + sin C)

tan A =
(cos C sin B)
cos
B + sin C

=
cos C sin B
cos 45 = 1 2 sin2 (22.5)

1
= 1 2 sin2 (22.5)
AB2
1
1 1
sin2 (22.5) =
2
AB2
(b)
cos q = sin q
4

cos q = sin q cos cos q sin
4
4
cos q + cos q sin

= sin q cos
4
4
1 + sin
4
sin q
cos q
cos
4
1 + sin
4

tan q =
cos
4
q = 6730, 24730

27. (a)
28. (a) (i)

(ii)

tan (x + y) = 3
tan x + tan y
= 3

1 tan x tan y
tan x + tan y = 3 3 tan x tan y..........1

2 tan y = 3 tan x 2
3 tan x 1...............................2
tan y =
2
cos 70 = cos 2(35)

= 2 cos2 35 1

= 2g2 1
Substitute 2 into 1,
sin 50 = sin 2(25)

= 2 sin 25 cos 25
1 sin2 25

= 2fABBBBBBBB
1 fB2

= 2fABBBB
1 =
cos 12
2
(b)
3 tan x 1 = 3 3 tan x
3 tan x 1
tan x +
2
2
9 tan2 x + 3 tan x

=3
2
9
1
2
tan x tan x 4 = 0

2
2

9 tan2 x tan x 8 = 0
(9 tan x + 8)(tan x 1) = 0
8
,
tan x = 1
tan x =
9
x = 45, 225
x = 13822, 31822
(iii)

1
1 1
2
2
1 sin2 25
cos 25 = ABBBBBBBB
1 fB2
= ABBBB
11

cos 25 = 2 cos2 12
2
11
2
2
ABBBB
B
1 f = 2 cos 12
2
ABBBB
B2
1
f
1
+
1 =
cos2 12
2
2

1 AB 2
ABBBBBBBB
1
29. (a) 1 + sec 2A = 1 +
cos 2A
cos 2A + 1

=
cos 2A
cos
2A + 1
sin 2A

=
cos 2A
sin 2A
1
cos
2A + 1
cot 2A
sin 2A
2 cos2 A 1 + 1

=
(tan 2A)
2 sin A cos A
cos A

=
(tan 2A)
sin A

= cot A tan 2A
tan 2A

=
tan A
1 + (2 cos2 B 1)
1 + cos 2B
(b) =
1 cos 2B
1 (1 2 sin2 B)
2 cos2 B

=
2 sin2 B
cos B 2

=
sin B

= cot2 B

= cosec2 B 1
sin 22.5 =
Therefore, x = 45, 13822, 225, 31822
ABBBBB
ABBBBBBB
1 + 1 f2
17
tan A 1
tan A 1
(b) =
1
1 cot A
1
tan A
tan A 1

=
tan
A1
tan A
sin (x y)
3
30. (a) =
5
sin (x + y)

5 sin x cos y 5 cos x sin y

= 3 sin x cos y + 3 cos x sin y

2 sin x cos y = 8 cos x sin y
8 sin y
sin x

cos x =
2 cos y
tan x = 4 tan y..............................1
tan y tan (x + y) = 1
tan x + tan y
tan y = 1
1 tan x tan y
tan y tan x + tan2 y = 1 tan x tan y

2 tan y tan x + tan2 y 1 = 0....................2
1.
Since 90 , y , 180, then tan y =
3
sin (A B) = sin A cos B cos A sin B

1
1

sin (A B) =
3
2
1

sin (A B) = , 0 , A B , 90
6
A B = 936
cos2 x
3 cos x =
sin x
2
3 cos x sin x = cos2 x

2

3 cos x sin x = 2 cos2 x
2

2 cos x 3 cos x sin x = 0
cos x(2 cos x 3 sin x) = 0
cos x = 0
x = 90, 270
31. (a)
A + B = 5627.......................1
A B = 936.........................2

1 + 2, 2A = 663

A = 332
2 cos x 3 sin x =

2 cos x =
sin x

=
cos x
0
3 sin x
2
3
2
tan x =
3
x = 3341, 21341
Substitute A = 332 into 1,

B = 5627 332

= 2325
OR
A + B = 12333.....................3
A B = 936.........................4
Therefore, x = 3341, 90, 21341, 270
Therefore, x = 3914, 90, 14046, 21914,

270, 32046
sin (A + B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B

1
1 +

sin (A + B) =
3
2
5 , 0 , A + B , 180

sin (A + B) =
6
A + B = 5627, 12333
Therefore, x = 30, 90, 150, 210, 270, 330
ABBB
4
sin x =
10
x = 3914, 14046, 21914, 32046
4 sin2 x 1 = 0
1
sin2 x =
4
1
sin x =
2

x = 30, 150, 210, 330
1,
1 and cos A sin B =
(b) Given sin A cos B =
3
2

0 , A , 90, 0 , B , 90

4 10 sin2 x = 0
4
sin2 x =
10
1
(b)
sin 2x =
2 tan x
cos x

2 sin x cos x =
2 sin x

4 sin2 x cos x cos x = 0
cos x(4 sin2 x 1) = 0
cos x = 0
x = 90, 270
tan A
= (tan A 1)
tan A 1
= tan A
32. (a)
4 cos x cos 2x = sin x sin 2x

4 cos x cos 2x = sin x(2 sin x cos x)

4 cos x(1 2 sin2 x) = 2 sin2 x cos x

4 cos x 8 cos x sin2 x 2 sin2 x cos x = 0

4 cos x 10 cos x sin2 x = 0

cos x(4 10 sin2 x) = 0
cos x = 0
x = 90, 270
Substitute 1 into 2,

2 tan y (4 tan y) + tan2 y 1 = 0

9 tan2 y 1 = 0
(3 tan y 1)(3 tan y + 1) = 0
1
1 , tan y =
tan y =
3
3

18
(b) sin (x + 45) cos (x + 45)

= (sin x cos 45 + cos x sin 45)(cos x cos 45
sin x sin 45)
1
1
1
1

=
sin x + cos x cos x sin x
AB2
AB2
AB2
AB2
1 sin2 x +
1 sin x cos x
1 cos2 x
1 cos x sin x

=
2
2
2
2
1 cos2 x
1 sin2 x

=
2
2
1 (cos2 x sin2 x)

=
2
1 (1 sin2 x sin2 x)

=
2
1 (1 2 sin2 x)

=
2
1
sin2 x

=
2

3 + 4, 2A = 1339

A = 6635
Substitute A = 6635 into 3,
B = 12333 6635

= 5658

Therefore, A = 332, B = 2325 or A = 6635,

B = 5658
1
sin x cos x =
2
1

(sin x cos x)2 =
4
1
sin2 x + cos2 x 2 sin x cos x =
4
1

1 sin 2x =
4
3

sin 2x =
4

2x = 4835, 13125

x = 2418, 6543
33. (a)
(b) tan A + cot 2A

sin A
cos 2A

=
+
cos A
sin 2A
sin
A
sin
2A + cos A cos 2A

=
cos A sin 2A
2 sin2 A cos A + cos A(1 2 sin2 A)

=
cos A sin 2A
2
A
cos
A + cos A 2 sin2 A cos A
2
sin

=
cos A sin 2A
cos
A

=
cos A sin 2A
1

=
sin 2A

= cosec 2A
3 sin 2x = 2 tan x
sin x

3(2 sin x cos x) = 2
cos x

3 sin x cos2 x = sin x
3 sin x cos2 x sin x = 0
sin x(3 cos2 x 1) = 0
sin x = 0

x = 0, 180, 360
3 cos2 x 1 = 0
1
cos2 x =
3
1
cos x =
AB3
x = 5444, 12516, 23444, 30516
Therefore, x = 0, 5444, 12516, 180, 23444,

30516, 360
2
2
cos x = tan x 2

2 sec x = (sec2 x 1) 2

= sec2 x 3
sec2 x 2 sec x 3 = 0
(sec x + 1)(sec x 3) = 0
tan 45 + cot 90 = cosec 90

1 + cot 90 = 1

cot 90 = 0
2.
34. (a) 4 cos2 A 1 = sin 2A

4 cos2 A sin 2A 1 = 0

4 cos2 A 2 sin A cos A (sin2 A + cos2 A) = 0

3 cos2 A 2 sin A cos A sin2 A = 0

(3 cos A + sin A)(cos A sin A) = 0

3 cos A + sin A = 0

tan A = 3

A = 10826, 28826
sec x + 1 = 0
sec x = 1
cos x = 1

x = 180
sec x 3 = 0
sec x = 3
1
cos x =
3
x = 7032, 28928
Therefore, x = 7032, 180, 28928
cos A sin A = 0
cos A = sin A
tan A = 1

A = 45, 225

1.
tan A + cot 2A = cosec 2A

Let 2A = 90
A = 45

21
3. q = sin 2q
= 2 sin q cos q
1 cos2 q cos q
= 2 ABBBBBBB
1 pB2
= 2pABBBB
Therefore, A = 45, 10826, 225, 28826

19
5. (a) Since cos A is positive and sin B is negative,

therefore A and B is in 4th quadrant.
3
4. Given sin 2q =
5
4
\ cos 2q =
5
y
y
2
A
0
5
3
= 1
5
16

=
25
4
cos 2q =
5
1 2
Since q is an acute
3
angle, therefore,
ABB
10
is ignored.
12
3
9
= + 1
10 5
10
5ABB
12
3
1
= +
5
10
ABB
5 10
3
12
= +
10
5ABB
10
5ABB
9
=
10
5ABB
ABBBBBB1
ABBB1 2
tan A tan B
tan (A B) =
1 + tan A tan B
AB5
2

2
AB5
=
AB5
2
1 +
2
AB5
5 + 4
5
2AB
=
2
1
=
5
4AB
1 2
21
AB5
2
+
2
AB5
=
1+1
(b) sin 3q = sin (q + 2q)

= sin q cos 2q + cos q sin 2q
3
4 + ABBBBBBB
3

1 sin2 q

=
5
5
ABB
10
Since 2q is an obtuse angle,

4 is ignored.
therefore,
5
4
cos 2q =
5
4

1 2 sin2 q =
5
4

2 sin2 q = 1 +
5
9

=
5
9
2
sin q =
10
3
sin q =
ABB
10

5
B
0
(a)

5
Alternative
cos2 2q = 1 sin2 2q

(b) cos (A B) = cos A cos B + sin A sin B

AB5
AB5
2
2
+

=
3
3 3
3
1 21 2 1
20
5
2AB
5
2AB
+
=
9
9
5
4AB
=
9
21
6.
9. cos (A + 30) + sin (A 30)

= cos A cos 30 sin A sin 30 + sin A cos 30
cos A sin 30
AB3
AB3
1 sin A +
1 cos A
sin A
= cos A
2
2
2
2
tan 2A = 1
2 tan A
= 1

1 tan2 A

2 tan A = 1 tan2 A
2
tan A + 2 tan A 1 = 0
AB3
AB3
1 cos A +
1 sin A
= cos A
sin A
2
2
2
2
4 4(1)(1)
2 ABBBBBBBBB
tan A =
2(1)
AB3 1
AB3 1
cos A +
sin A
=
2
2
2
2
8
2 AB
=
2
2 2AB
2

=
2
2

= 1 AB
2.
Since A is an acute angle, therefore tan A = 1 + AB
7.
3p
2p
cos y sin y = 0
cos y
sin y
= 0
cos y
cos y

1 tan y = 0
tan y = 1
y = 45, 225
y = |sin x | + 2
cos y + 3 sin y = 0
cos y
3 sin y
+ = 0
cos y
cos y

1 + 3 tan y = 0

3 tan y = 1
1
tan y =
3

y = 180 1826, 360 1826

= 16134, 34134
10.
cos2 y + 2 sin y cos y = 3 sin2 y
cos2 y + 2 sin y cos y 3 sin2 y = 0
(cos y sin y)(cos y + 3 sin y) = 0
AB3 1 (cos A + sin A)

=
2
y
3
|sin x| = t 2
|sin x| + 2 = t
For y = |sin x| + 2 to have no solutions,

y = t cannot intersect with y = |sin x| + 2.
Therefore, y = 45, 16134, 225, 34134
Therefore, t , 2, t . 3
11.
tan (P + Q + R) = tan 180

tan (P + Q) + tan R
= 0
1 tan (P + Q) tan R

tan (P + Q) + tan R = 0
tan P + tan Q
+ tan R = 0
1 tan P tan Q
1+2
+ tan R = 0
1 (1)(2)

3 + tan R = 0
tan R = 3
8. 2 cosec 2A cot A
2
cos A
=
sin 2A
sin A
2
cos A
=
2 sin A cos A
sin A
1
cos A
=
sin A cos A
sin A
1 cos2 A
=
sin A cos A
sin2 A
=
sin A cos A
sin A
=
cos A
= tan A
21
13.
12. 2 cos x sin x = R cos (x + a)

=
R cos x cos a R sin x sin a
5
R cos a = 2.............................1
R sin a = 1.............................2
2
1
R sin a =
,
2
1 R cos a
1
tan a =
2

a = 2634
Therefore, 2 cos x sin x = AB

5 cos (x + 2634)
2 cos x sin x = 1
AB5 cos (x + 2634) = 1
1
cos (x + 2634) =
AB5
x + 2634 = 6326
x = 6326 2634
= 3652
Since maximum value of sin (x q) is 1,

5
therefore the maximum value of f(x) = AB
Given R > 0

f(x) = 2 sin x cos x
1
2
AB5
sin x cos x

=
AB5
AB5
AB5(cos q sin x sin q cos x)

=
AB5[sin (x q)]

=
AB5 sin (x q)

=
12 + 22, (R cos a)2 + (R sin a)2 = 22 + 12

R2 cos2 a + R2 sin2 a = 5

R2(cos2 a + sin2 a) = 5

R2 = 5
5

R = AB
22

16 (Anal Add Math CD)

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Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 16

360 120 = 240

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Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 16

(a) sin 120 = sin 60

(b) cos 210 = cos 30

(c) cot (120) = cot 240

(d) tan (30) = tan 330

sin 315 = sin 45

(a) cos A = cos a

(b) cot A = cot a

(c) sec A = sec a

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Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 16

(a) tan B = tan a

(b) sin B = sin a

(d) 4 cot q = tan q

(e) 3 sin q cos (90 q) = 1

(f) cot q + tan (90 q) = 4

(g) 3 sec (90 q) cosec q =

(h) sin2 q + 3 sin q + 2 = 0

(b) sec (90 q) = cosec q

(c) sin (q) = sin q

Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 16

(p) cos (q) + cos2 q 2 = 0

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(m) 2 cot (2q 30) = 3

(l) tan (q + 45) = 1

Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 16

60 120 180 240300 360

120 180 300

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Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 16

The number of solutions is 2.

1.88 1.54 1.07 0.58 0.20 0.01

17. (a) 1 + sin2 A

The solutions are 0.7 and 2.8.

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(c) sin2 q + cos2 q = 1

(b) sin q + cos q = 1

Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 16

(d) cosec A + cot A = cosec A + (cosec A 1)

18. (a) sin2 q + cos q = 1

Therefore, q = 0, 90, 270, 360

19. (a) cos B(sin A cos A) + sin B(cos A + sin A)

(c) sec2 q + tan2 q = 4

sin2 2A + sec2 2A = 3 tan2 2A + sec2 2A

Therefore, q = 90, 19429, 34531

(e) cos2 2q + 3 sin 2q = 3

(c) sec A sin (A + B) sec B

(sin A cos B + cos A sin B)

(sin A cos B + cos A sin B)

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Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 16

sin A sin B cos A cos B

cos A cos B sin A sin B

(d) cosec 2A tan A

20. sin (A + B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B

24. (a) 6 sin x cos x = 1

21. cos (A + B) = cos A cos B sin A sin B

(b) 2 sin 2x + sin2 x = cos2 x

(c) sin (x + 30) = sin (x 30)