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F I N I T E E L E M E N T C O D E F O R S O I L A N D R O C K A N A LY S E S
PlaxisVietnam2008
finiteelementcodeforsoilandrockanalyses
PLAXIS SEMINAR
Vietnam Seminar
2008
Compiled by:
William W.L. CHEANG
B.Eng (Hons), PG.Dip, M.Sc. Ph.D
Regional Technical Manager
PlaxisAsia
Contributed
Erwin BEERNINK
Dennis WATERMAN
Erick SEPTANIKA
Ronald BRINKGREVE
Siew Wei LEE
L A XI S P R O F E S S I O N A L v e r s i o n 8 . 5 - P L A XF L O W v e r s i o n 1 . 5 - D Y N A M I C S m o d u l e - 3 - D F O U N D A T I O N v e r s i o n 2 . 0 3 - D T U N N E L v e r s i o n 2 . 0 3 - D G E O T H E R M I E v e r s i o n 1 .
PLAXISSEMINAR Taipei2007
finiteelementforsoilandrockanalyses
ConstitutiveSoilModels
LinearElastic(LE)
2. MohrCoulomb(MC)
3 Softsoil/creepmodel(SSMandSSCM)
3.
Soft soil / creep model (SSM and SSCM)
4. HardeningSoilmodel(HSM)
5. UserdefinedSoilModels(USM)
1.
B.
StructuralElements
Geotextileelement(membrane)
2. Beam(Plate)element
3. Node
Nodetonode
to nodeanchor
anchor
4. Fixedendanchor
1.
C.
RecentDevelopmentwithEmbeddedInclusion
PlaxisVietnam2008
finiteelementcodeforsoilandrockanalyses
A SOILMODELS
A.SOILMODELS
PLAXISSEMINAR Taipei2007
finiteelementforsoilandrockanalyses
MOHR-COULOMB
1.
Firstorderapproximationofsoil
2.
Linearelasticperfectplasticity
3.
Fivematerialinputs
1. Frictionangle(phi)
g (p )
2. Cohesion(c)
3. Dilatancy angle(psi)
4. Elasticmodulus(E)
5. Poissonsration(nu)
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InspirationfromCamClayclassofmodel
2.
PrimarycompressionforNormallyconsolidatedsoils
3.
Stressdependentstiffness
4.
5.
Memoryofpreconsolidationstress
6.
Failurebehaviour=MohrCoulomb
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finiteelementforsoilandrockanalyses
PlaxisVietnam2008
Secondorderapproximationofsoil
2.
Advancedmodelforsimulatingsoftandstiffsoils(Shanz,1998)
3.
Inputparameters
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finiteelementforsoilandrockanalyses
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HS-SMALL
1.
HardinDrnevichcurve
2.
Parameter:Goand0.7
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finiteelementforsoilandrockanalyses
finiteelementcodeforsoilandrockanalyses
B.STRUCTURAL
B STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
StructuralElements
1. Geotextileelement(membrane)
2. Beam(Plate)element
3 Nodetonodeanchor
3.
Node to node anchor
4. Fixedendanchor
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finiteelementforsoilandrockanalyses
Platesandshells
2.
Anchors
3.
Geogrids(geotextiles)
4.
Interfaces
wall
stripfooting
tunnel
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geotextilewall
strut
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anchoredwall
cofferdam
groundanchor
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finiteelementforsoilandrockanalyses
1.
2.
3.
4.
3or5nodedlineelements
3degreesoffreedompernode
Elasticorelastoplasticbehaviour
Tomodelwalls,floors,tunnels
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PlaxisVietnam2008
1.
Flexuralrigidity
2.
Normalstiffness
3.
Elementthickness
EI = E
h 3 b(b=1m)
12 ((b=1m))
EA = E h b
d = h = 12
EI
EA
h
b
b = 1 m in plane strain
b = 1 meter in axisymmetry
b
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finiteelementforsoilandrockanalyses
PLATE WEIGHTS
1. Compensateforoverlap:
2. Forsoilweightuse:
g
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d real
rinside
r outside
lining
soil
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(rinside
+ routside )
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finiteelementforsoilandrockanalyses
FIXED-END ANCHORS
1.
Tomodelsupports,anchorsandstruts
1. Elastoplasticspringelement
2. Oneendfixedtopointinthegeometry,
otherendisfullyfixedfordisplacement
3. Positioningatanyangle
4. Prestressingoption
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PlaxisVietnam2008
NODE-TO-NODE ANCHORS
1.
Tomodelanchors,columnsandrods
1. Elastoplasticspringelement
2. Connectstwogeometrypointsin
thegeometry
3. Prestressingoption
i
i
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finiteelementforsoilandrockanalyses
Normalstiffness,EA (foroneanchor)
Spacing, Ls (distancebetweenanchors)
Spacing,L
(distance between anchors)
Maximumanchorforceforcompression
andtension,|Fmax,comp|and|Fmax,tens|
[kN]
[m]
[kN]
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PlaxisVietnam2008
PRE-STRESSING OF ANCHORS
1.
DefinedinStagedconstructionphase
2.
Bothtension(groutanchor)orcompression(strut)possible
(g
)
p
(
)p
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finiteelementforsoilandrockanalyses
GEOGRIDS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
3or5nodedlineelement
Linearelasticbehaviour
Noflexuralrigidity(EI),onlynormalstiffness(EA)
Onlyallowsfortension,notforcompression
Soil/Geogridinteractionmaybemodelledusing
interfaces
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PlaxisVietnam2008
GROUND ANCHORS
1. Combinationofnodetonodeanchorandgeogrid
2 N
2.
Nodetonodeanchorrepresentsanchorrod(no
d
d
h
h
d(
interactionwithsurroundingsoil)
3. Geogridrepresentsgroutbody(fullinteraction
withgrid)
4. Nointerfacearoundgroutbody;interfacewould
createunrealisticfailuresurface
l
f l
f
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finiteelementforsoilandrockanalyses
GROUND ANCHORS
Inputgeometry
Axialforcesingroundanchors
Generatedmesh
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INTERFACES
1.
Soilstructureinteraction
Wallfriction
2. Slipandgappingbetweensoilandstructure
1.
2.
Soilmaterialproperties
p p
1. TakenfromsoilusingreductionfactorRinter
Cinter
=Rinter *Csoil
tan()inter
=Rinter *tan()soil
2. Individualmaterialsetforinterface
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finiteelementforsoilandrockanalyses
INTERFACES
SuggestionsforRinter:
1. Interactionsand/steel
2.
3
3.
4.
5.
6.
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INTERFACES
1.
Trytoomitstressoscillationsatcornersofstiffstructures
Inflexiblecorner
points,causingbad
stressresults
Flexiblecornerpoints
withimprovedstress
results
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finiteelementforsoilandrockanalyses
finiteelementcodeforsoilandrockanalyses
EmbeddedInclusions(Piles,AnchorsandSoilNails)
C.STRUCTURALELEMENTS(RECENT)
C STRUCTURALELEMENTS(RECENT)
FEmodeling
2.
Currentimplementation
3.
I
Improvements
4.
Groundanchor
5.
Concludingremarks
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finiteelementforsoilandrockanalyses
FE MODELING
SCHEMATIZATION OF PILE-SOIL SYSTEM
Paxial
Pile
head
Pilebehaviordependson:
Plateral
1
1.
soil
masses
2.
3.
4.
Qs
Qn
5.
Qs
Qn
Fs
Fn
Pile
base
Fn
Soiltype
Soil
type
Stressstate
Pilegeometry
Piletype(Steel,concrete,timberetc.)
Installation
:mantle/skinshearforces
:mantle/skinnormalforces
:pile baseshearforces
:pilebaseshearforces
:pilebasenormalforces
Fs
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FE MODELING
VOLUME PILE APPROACH
Rd
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finiteelementforsoilandrockanalyses
FE MODELING
EMBEDDED PILE APPROACH
pile
tskin
Ffoot
soil
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Skin&BaseInteraction
Skininteractionmodel
Base/Footinteractionmodel
kt
kn
ks
kt
kn
s
t
ks
Skinstiffness:
ks:axialstiffness
kn&kt :lateralstiffness
kb
kt
kn
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Basestiffness:
kb:base/footstiffness
ks
Skintractions:
ts =qs/length = ks (uspileussoil)tmax
Base/Footforce:
0Fb = kb (ubpile ubsoil)Fmax
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finiteelementforsoilandrockanalyses
Skin&BaseInteraction
Linearskintractionmodel&Maximumbase/footforce
BearingCapacity:
(Ttop+Tbot)*Lpile +Fmax
Ttop
Lpile
Tbot
Fmax
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Meshdependentbehavior
P
coarsemesh
finemesh
Bearingcapacity
Duetosoilfailureinsidepileregion
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finiteelementforsoilandrockanalyses
Improvements
I.Objectivebehavior(lessmeshdependent)
Pilezoneisdefinedbasedonthevolumeofpile(=R2*L)
Anysmall(soil)elementthatfallsinsidepilezonewillbeforcedtoremain
elastic
2R
EmbeddedPileElement
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Improvements
II.Layerdependentmaximum(allowable)skintractionmodel
Maximumskintractionasfunctionofdepthwillbegeneratedautomatically
fordifferentlayersaccordingto
ts
{ havg tan
{
t i +ci }*2R
}* R
with:
i interfacefrictionangle(Rp*soil)
ci interfacecohesion(Rp*csoil)
havg averagelateralcompressionatthepile
(basedonsoilstressesaroundthepile)
extracontrolparamaters:
tsmax userdefinedmaximumvalue
h userdefinedprestresstoincludelocalconfinement
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finiteelementforsoilandrockanalyses
Improvements
III.Multilinearcurveofmaximum(allowable)skintraction
y
T
top
top
y1
Ty1
y2
Ty2
y3
Ty3
y4
Ty4
y5
Ty5
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Improvements
IV. InstallationEffects
Pilecentre
Pilezone
Disturbed/influencedsoilregion
voidratioe maydecrease/increase
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finiteelementforsoilandrockanalyses
Groundanchors
Groundanchormodelconsistsof
*anchor
*groutbody
anchor
FEmodeling:
Anchor
Groutbody
B
wall
2nodedspring
embeddedpile
(allowingsliding)
groutbody
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Embeddedpilehasbeenimplementedin3DF
*Bearingcapacity:maximumskintraction&base/footresistance
1
1.
2.
Currentversionappearscapableofpredictingobjectivefailurebehavior
*layerdependent(maximum)skintractionswillbeincluded
1.
Futureversion
*multilinearcurveofmaximumskintractions(availablein3DFV2)
*installationeffects(casestudies&fieldexperience)
1.
G
GroundanchormodelbasedonEmbeddedpileapproach
d
h
d lb d
E b dd d il
h
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finiteelementforsoilandrockanalyses
CHARACTERISTICS
1.No. ofPiles
122
2.Pile Diameter
400mm
3.PileLengths
5m and8m(staggered)
4.Raft
1000mmTHK
5.RaftSize
6 TankDiameter
6.TankDiameter
10m
7.Tank Thickness
1000mm
8.Soil
Layered
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finiteelementforsoilandrockanalyses
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