HECATE: GREEK OR “ANATOLIAN”? WILLIAM BERG With the desisemnent of Linear B came the suiting discovery thatthe omenctuie ot may Inport tes of cael Gene ‘ould be trace lak nto th Brose Age, The apearance of Dione ‘ame for example, o tables from Pyoe haps to contin Gates ‘gestion that Dei in 2 Ie Sorin” of Diya alae probably inherent inthe vital and comes imo the myths palmer from that source a en seco, fa aly ron the Toa ot historical appiton to his ein Gree" 1} New eden aed the Progress of research unoutely hold new surprises fn se), The aver proposes ta another city uf sapposed nCreek econ, te des Neca, say actualy have as mah righ to a lene et sre asthe other Olympians ‘The weight of chor pion now favors an “Anatolian” (Caran) trig fo the cult of Hecate ‘The argument is tased fw sbsce, ") Perot ames fommed fam heb ike that of Hekatio the scorrpher or tat of Hetatonnuy who gave his tame te te ‘imasty of Masso, cou grimy in Cara ring the fh nt fourth centuries BC) 2) There i tenple of Hert at Lagoa in Cri where the godess as worshiped 3 sts, mepse and pipiens; her eed frank and function here sie tated in ule af Hesse eee oes rman 2) Site De Crreot rcs Mee (Di Hae my i) ey A Nemes mas m Car ah Sah 4 He BA atte Veenconaen aes Hecate: Goth or “Anil? = where, Her cul statu, represented on colts of Statnisa and fon the noth few of her tele in Laing, as aot trimeric ‘at enitel the “erga” form af the aie ae sng bly), Since chiliren are not ele after soc ti sae to asin tat Cavin teoporic names involving het refer toa jor deity fee fom te dark and savory Tiesto the uadenrosld and to witchera Il by the Heate of dace! Athens argued that ber Caron cole was intradced tothe Greck mild frm Asi Minor in he Secale pei contrition th witches and desions (ein The SS) eveded and infeed er Olin state, transforming ber finaly ino the Heste we know fom ber tions, the resent of table scrap and canine Hood, She is thought to spear, however in her orga "Carian form in the ern terary moment $e cal, the Tong passage inthe Theogony (gts) which i presumed to be the work of one of her prseiyes from Asia Minor) perhaps of Hes! hinself*). Her praises ia the Theogory exc! hare of ‘ther Tans whom Zeus favored: ehe le s portion of ln a Sand sky, and meter proptstion of gots and Hessings confered pone), So rine the argument of Kraus and alles who support the notion Gf a nemGrea, Amattian origin for Het 1 hope to show here Through s reexsmination of the Carian ence thatthe agua ‘ot convincing, and will coelie by presating posible evidence for the existence of her cult in Myeenaean Gee Lite the Hesoiie Heat, the godess of Lagina was benevolent, ‘eighty, and honored atove all Tans by Zea The west frieze of her tele dicts the Titiomach, the dive triumph of Zens oer ike Wibtorg 60) "ge Cl. Cson Wtmoris Master Det Gio der Holt het ot) 13t5 78) Lame core 0) 6-9 aia eatin? Arse ir 2m Kok (CU waa) Ps $9) scl, 6) Re ean he ny te eit of, hogy ug wth Ctogrnhy, cL Le We Holy Theo {Oulart 96) St mot rem J, Bac “aide Dene deep de ‘et Bare, Tor and Ste Pole Sor Mt om (oe op)10 Wom Berg hekness and brusity; Heate stands in prominent postion, 3 tan sving together with younger gods forthe new oder though her partption here is ota ative itis onthe Teor erguoars). The bin of Zs isthown on the east fiers, where este appears handing over the sone fo Kronos Asin Theopons sansa, she is here the fourhoplos ar exellce, and the Rowe 's Ze hinsef 8). Tnsrptis, tn, rom the temple prednge ‘nos aof Ronn peri te atest fo the fat that he god as infec! great — so gre in fact that the priesthood of Zeon inset was a prerosise forthe pistol of Herta Login Gunes were bea quinn ia ber hoor 2), Av Ace and Ssmotirac, mysteries of Heate were cute, boat whit nothing js known), Wis not only the exaed grander of Hlecate at Lain that scene range for pies wh cater dewbere the ft we [yesh centuries at any ra, war fat more Sygien tan Olyplan, Her form at Lagina is equnly surprising, Seldom fa this pone ie she represen wtloat the tre ties which had heen bess sine thesealptorAleamenes crete his Herat sip forthe Athenian ‘roplis1), Though she hal appear nsa single bly fo the sath and ith centuries B.C, and Gough a monomorphic Heat exited A Stet, De re ion Lying (sae orca a Roan ina iets 1) fed pi Rw test 4) 2 Kaun (Se, et) Rtas (ne, me) 8 i Bieter, O18 ina Kn (hn ne da 33 Praia Eoin, He. ea. 1. see at tee for ree ct’ nr nl Se Sa 45i tele tat he ar ee of ane a SF et Set Oy cme ey reyes ree fe oe a of ths a Ka ane). ass a he i ts enue sl eal this contain He jsut tat Carter, Gee, ‘cathe ie hms hae nena ea sea oe Gata Pons Fe Cake a) set kn» lee fra ‘ares ha ens pence oer ck bin en cae: Goth “Aa? a ‘with he ie frm fo ie in he four ey, ey fe singe Mote gutlewes can caincogy be Herel wih Hea thee Can the usa agerace of Hecate a Lagi be ate the slates of Caan tao wich peeved te ale” ‘ei form tpt the ever pp of her i nage? ‘The henry trae dwn ith he word “Can, fori Ca Hee srw to avelen worked ahr far ie orm Seae in woe eu Ue sel print of aga was site, rcpt the le Prom th firey B.C wat ob re the Seton arch ny cmmemorsng the macomorie Lx {Bocangel Th se cepted oa eee ih rd Iie ett hand and pilin te eighty rc een in dtl of true and ager tbe figure of Heat a he appa on te Sees mide te at A at aan a eal te Garrtna {tart cer Clee, nan) nto “te Stlprs (Ve ttt pre, Picton 1s) ser, wh Ss cote area ne Emtec mentee cire rs Mgt ep ate Gp Aw fr th me rid “oi Haber in Heli 1a, Seance mieten eas oh opr chs Glee ima ard IML Oypemon Zour Ponooror (so tet) oo 1 woul ae SMINIE ayn 106, #146 acum): “Ding Lato Thi cin dsc io eae std oe, ate he eee re ee ie So tah eo om Law Ent als Pan, La een Yow Hee a bya weseth frieze of her tele (Figs amd 2) 8). Tt the only sin of 2 Carian ety cute Staten which cane sid with evn 0 sepresent the Laginetan goles is 4 Trajan insu uf Euhigye (2 of kare locaton) ‘which sr rina a ey b the Henican of Het, bs oie Furthermore, ther cone of Mastarashow the sl tvimorphic Hecate; i seensvaltely tht she would be worshiped ane both since and tripe Cems ince ad he sane ity ie.) Ehewtere in Cal, the cts of Anoca and Trl tra cine the thle Heateexckavely 8), It tke joa", “Carian” frm was hosed lyin he tenga Lagi, Among the extensive reinand epigraphic materia ound at Lain, aly one objet, the far of Menon (se below), con be si with Certainty to antedate the fr entry TLC, What rsa i at 30 toch a onarent to a gre Anais gene a i a emument to Roman ier plicy i Asa. Whether or not the tangle was raced before the Mithridic wart"), the theme it prod is ‘he eternal frendship and lyaky of an! Asan cy, Statin, "aa v4 $s BNC Lyda 86 # 11 oh 37 #9Seamer, XXL 2 eae: Grek or “Anil? 3) ‘the Roman masters” (het Roma), to qiote from an isrpton cn the tenple ill 2), The Titanomachy of the west (ze aa the trang ofthe young Zeus may best allusions to the mison of Rome in the Grace East during the li two prchritan centrin ‘The north fee i more src: thre Hee presies over the geste cof alliance etween 2 wartor ant an Amazon, figures symbolising Rome and Avia reopetvety 31). In vcv of seed references (0 the many interventions of the goes Bilt of her people, her Decne andthe "Roms mares” darngincident wich are vrously hoot to inca the ev of Arista, the Mithidatc wars, the invasion of Tabienas, amd Partin tcarsons, sis tenping 10 pyre tint Hecate has her epithet fame? for ress more folkd thin regis. The Roman Semte, Jolie Cate, and) AG futur ad more than ame azason to akong and reward, thragh the granting and confining of yi nd sie Bnei, the loyalty ‘ofthis cioenry an his Lagintan gees. One inscription tte, in fact to he asenition in ult a8 sti eipbon hthe godess owns here 2). One wonders whether he Laginetan Heese would have sieve any aoa all ff fd ot been for the poled ti liy events of the Frt cency B.C. HC she was "ret ‘oles, i was Rome Ut made he ‘Yer there ha em same form of eligi avy in Lagoa before the ft centry BC. Tentative explosion of » nearby necopais Je yi potaerds dating ae far tac asthe geomet yriod), fn an inserted ltr for the sco prechristam eetary atest 1 fhe worship of Tete daring the perio! of Rodan doesnin *), The se was diated hy one Mogi, «priest nf Herat who ‘tes reboot fe picid of Hee ad Roc wou seem, then, tat Hest’ ner aston withthe fess Roma hal Rad ple or pvt even 8 porn in ee n) Fig (= Seber tt Re Sy Oils aera Taian, nae 320 Hebert (abone note 39) 1x8 1K. Shek, Mma Ont Pre Cs, st hone 8) at own SOS amr he te 3) so 2) eatin Btn 0) 88 84 Cl Lie bes sata Wit Beg sscaton in ut with the deities who personified Rbades 28). Of ‘gin at Lagina before the intron of Rhian exits o Before ‘he Macedonian foning of Strato in the hid cemtary TLC. 28), rethingis known. Ie ata to suppose at golden had heen ‘worshipped there from tine inmenorial: some sort of sinctnry rut fe exited at Lagan fog tore theft century B.C! bt Aspe the assngtion tat the gle” sane bad abeaps teen Tecate esate sus have teen a Greek godess In the fist place, almost ‘he Gree mand, a especialy from Attica, frum ext es own to the secon centiry TAC. Hess “Tyna to Hecate’, even iC iad not form gat ofthe erga Theogon, smo Iter than the srcni prin 2), Thee are manera references tn Hecate fm Ate rama), an, tase Antone eciggeates, a Heaton stood tefore every Hause in Athens (Vays Sag) Th Asia Minor, only one monument can be asocned wilh Heat fefre the sew cntory LC, anarchic afta in the precint of Apolo Dephinivs in Mile sus). That ie x "Cara", to be ee — but the ao enon "Scary of her cnn and fas no canton th the father ofthe fe atthe feat Lin. ‘Her association with Apollo at Miletus brings up the qesin of the thepiorse mines in hat Ther avesce onthe Groce mains ‘oes ont prove thatthe gress as les portant there than in Cara Im the Ft centiy,theghore names fe general are rare in Ati, as Dow has pint out, 1 would augue, reo, that ‘the anne do ot ioe Heat aa Sigua i the ameton| is Strato’ rena that a sell yrop of islands between Lesbos and the Asin nninind are cle the Hsttownso after Apolo Hekate Sh ef Mies CCH TP rag When the ot Ramen cee ‘Piel agin (eon 2 ny Sp. ay # te Hee “S) Caileted Kris (shore, wae 4) 808 5) ist hia ibn 2 Bein so) 19 i 2)S Maes tt Ce At TH Sis) eS eae: Goh “Ait 35 (13.25). Among authors before the Hellenic age, the itt hektos ‘spi to Apel, an an stand alone to sgl he go, ia Homer ‘Alonan, stl Simoes 1). The measing of Aelotar is not cea, the’ Greeks usuly undertod "larshotiog”, this trator ety is sometines proposed for Hecate’ areas we). Tn ay vet If bors was, ait appears, « popular eet forthe god ‘evi Ionian Grea, carl and far, inthe ace pero, ad Miles in “Cacia” was an inortant center fori cl then the taming of Tone boys, or even of Helleized Carin, after Apollo elatos woul seo petty mara ‘To rw tothe Lagnetan poe T sbit tat her name has hing especially “Caran” aboat it on the entrar the mame “ete” isan spect ofthe process of her Hellsizatin, and wt probably assigned by Rhodlans who saw in the Geek Tecate tis lar to thove of the godess they enuntere of Lagi, Like her, wont ingens. Ansan godess underwent somes or intr a Inlerpretatio. Groce. At Epberia the Toa! iy had been called “Ares from the begining of the hisbrial pevod 9). Im Pia 2 peieoles with torches and serpents who fad been cll “shtbe™ came to be known in the Tlestie ex as "Mother [eto"3), Sack trsfrmations cout occur at Ite a8 the thin or cen the Sxond century. What T believe happened to the Laginetan folleas i thisyeiod is analogs tothe change serge by he | 2 nd 95 785 1071 ond 29, Akan PMG 4h. Simoiden PMG 573 Gg to OE Ai, ain sen 99) The at Ite 5 hem fn eu a eet, K Keres, Die Motel der Crichen (Zurich gt) 40 Prelit, ‘ha aa) ity mee bth el Stine Gl on Rotor esi Pahang 2), Mach Vita vrs, 29) & 27, soeees nt te Epson soe, ie ter mem Anat elites wo Cac ects wt oy Secession sn ofr tec 2 go, va he Phone nts 3 a136 tn as olless of Penge in Parphylia, change vividly documented on foins Pergacan fees ofthe easly soni century B.C. show the cy elds, wearing 4 sort chit and ding a torch, and enti by Si inipon inthe dat and efonic alpha of Pamphyia ANAYAC TPEIIAC (= teint 2NASSAS PERGAIAS) (Cg 6)8). This type i subsequently replied by a representation of the ‘ne goddes with the insrption ARTEALIDOS PERGATAS (Cg 7) 8) Evidently the Pergacans ba Len content to ell thet torch {odes spy wonai, ying oly im reatively Inte psid to the inal slot iver in Anatol, to ety her with Are “re che of the tase “Heat” forthe pode of Lien Was baby infence bythe following dreunstances 1) Dy the ead of the thied century BC. the mae of Hecate and the pier of Artemis, ett, had ten confused often enath to eri single bied godess to bead “Hecate”. This appene fm Delos and ot Rhodes lf with the grave godess (Aree) Hecate, 2) Aftrbate of the Lagintn gods (eg. torch, pile?) mst fave reel hese of the Gree Teste, The dog who smeines ppears beside te godess on Stetenceian eons reals nt oly ‘he main! este but tea an adigenons Lyn dogegoess vith the improe mame “Nena” 2), 3) Her "Titanic" ehracer, together wih the seltonship of the ni Store nears os” Se peut oer. Mee con omg ead OIE wince ce tn Piatt EEA Sate chon sree ‘eee ean Any nui ecg, Sp me ee BED. CE BY one SE ceca am Mees Goth Ait a7 Lagintan godess othe Carian Zeus Pana (or Chrysaores) rast have Feniadel the Rhine of Hesiod’ Heat, The "Hesio tic" laracer ofthe temple fees can be compared with that of ‘the Titanonachy onthe exer Penamene Alar 44) The Laginetan godess may have ful more feral charter ‘han soars have been ling Yo asame’9), Tf her mpitrie were in any way anlage t0 what we lav of such site ee ‘whee sone concern withthe underworld i inate, The Meidor some te val enryng of they which ix tationed 0 often {in inscriptions a Lage, ay hint another i with he infra ‘Kraus a others see ih the edophora a sgn of guardianship vee terrestrial or clea ges and dors #8) | sages that the ey may have opened up the nether rerims. A Grek purl smi be inferred from a state of Pi a Oly: he was shown Ioling a key, for “they say tat what i ile! Haves has been eck up by Plato, and that boy returns deseo (Patani 5203) 5) Like the godess of Lagin, Heste wat semaines invoked ae Sots om Rhodes and Kos, and im Phrygia to he eat) “This pager began withthe nagestion tht the godless Hecate may be atl and as Helene as other dees howe orga can be tated Ick to the Myeemean ae. Gree tradition ascribes ber paises to Hei: if the tation i right the Theogony afers cur dest acumen pertaining to the goes, It may be warthaotcing tat SEPM eno en desi ie Atria ‘matt th gonton Cor Hei eae " “2 Rare Re (om) ahs Aghove, ere 2) may and 169 Koes A Matar. Nuowa Silage Eplgrafice ot Cu ec ts) 8 6 Ronin vet ees cen te lpn of "cen "Paae En) Ble onde. Suge ce) ot we te ame {Soy Be, Barth Umea eens her pant te Sram or) sei feweeemt de ‘nessaue Wain Bog sal whe sping sea he tomo se ree fn ‘eam hings Heat to's Sw tty, ar ‘esta, Pun md Eater (They 4p The he these esta ea neo men the te by Kane the sc or by psig ah ae nt sey ro ‘ith vem Heo tse Thapny ma ee Soe ye ang eg he Go ‘me site ft aot ee Bi (Tn 316) reo “Anatol” origin re ot i asco withthe evidence wo gic Dente a Kee; tet Te 3 ante to cage sine Spee Se Ce ne tne a "3 Aline, nte SBR clea cc a (98) 1897