Technical Information 32

Magnesium Slag Defects in Ductile Iron

Magnesium containing reaction products from ductile iron treatment is a severe potential
source for inclusion defects in ductile iron. Slag inclusions are typically found just beneath
or at the cope surface as a result of improper separation during liquid metal processing.
Magnesium slag defects may also arise from turbulent mold filling, and are often found as
dross like stringers in areas of the casting where metal is deadlocked.

Example of magnesium slag inclusions. Example of magnesium dross stringers.

Possible causes: Possible cures:

• Inadequate slag separation from
treatment vessel, metal processing and
pouring systems.
• Insufficient time between treatment and
pouring to let slags separate to the
surface.
• Lack of slag traps or filter in the gating
system.
• Low pouring temperature.
• High treatment temperature causing the
need for elevated magnesium additions.
• Excessive base sulphur content causing
the need for high magnesium additions.
• Excess addition of slag forming elements
with alloys, such as Ca and Al.
• Turbulent mould filling.
• Improve slag removal practice by the use
of T-pots or proper surface slag skimming.
• Extend hold times between treatment and
skimming to allow for proper slag separa-
tion.
• Review gating system and avoid high
velocities and turbulence.
• Use filters in the gating system.
• Avoid high treatment temperatures and
excess magnesium alloy additions.
• Restrict base metal sulphur content.
• Avoid using high Ca and Al containing
alloys.
• Improve thermal efficiency and minimize
the treatment temperature.

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