Parts and Functions in Humans

Urinary System

Digestive System

Kidneys- filter the blood

Ureter- carries urine from kidney
to the urinary bladder
Bladder- stores urine
Urethra- tube leading from
urinary bladder to the outside of
the body.

Oral cavity- ingestion

Pharynx- passageway for food
and air
Esophagus-passageway for food
Stomach- mechanical and
chemical digestion
Small intestine- absorb nutrients
Large intestines- remove excess
water and stores waste
Villi/microvilli- increase Surface
area for absorption
Liver- makes bile
Gallbladder- stores bile
Pancreas- blood sugar regulation
and produce hormones

NEPHRON PARTS:
Glomerulus and Bowman's
capsule- filtration occurs at the
glomerulus capillaries to the
Bowman's capsule.
Proximal and distal tubulesreabsorption and secretion
Loop of Henle - only transports
water (throughaquaporin
channels) and NaCl ( part of
reabsorption)
Collecting Duct - take back any
excess water back to the
bloodstream before the release
of urine.
Other Organisms Structures

Protonephridia ( flame bulb

system) - flatworm
Metanephridia ( located in each
segment) - earthworm
Malpighian (releases waste into
digestive tract)- insects

Sponges- phagocytosis
(intracellular digestion)
Cnidarians- gastrovascular
activity
Platyhelminthes- gastrovascular
cavity; one opening
Mollusca, Annelids, arthropods,
and Echinoderms- 2 openings

Connection to Cell Transport

Passive transport and active

transport is used for
reabsorption. Secretion mainly
active transport.

Absorption requires ATP; active.

Diffusion happens across the
membrane.