Unit 4

Pumps

Introduction to pumps
Pump is a hydraulic machine, driven by a motor
It converts the mechanical energy into hydraulic energy
To lift water to higher levels

Positive Displacement Pump:

The liquid is sucked and then pushed due to the thrust exerted
on it, by a moving member. This results in lifting the liquid to
the required height.
Rotodynamic Pump:
It has a rotating element, called Impeller. As the liquid passes
through the impeller , its angular momentum changes. This
results in an increase in the pressure energy of the liquid.

Positive Displacement Type

Rotodynamic Type

Centrifugal Pump
It is Hydraulic machine with a rotating part called impeller.
Here mechanical energy is converted into pressure energy
by means of centrifugal force acting on the liquid.
Types
According to the type of casing
Volute casing , vortex casing, Diffuser casing
According to the no. of stages
Single stage, Multi stage
According to the types of impeller
Single suction and double suction

A machine for moving fluid by

accelerating the fluid RADIALLY outward.

From the Center

of a Circle

RADIAL DIRECTION
To the Outside of a Circle

Centrifugal Impellers
Impeller
Vanes
Eye of
the
Impeller
Water
Entrance

Diameter of
the Impeller

Thickness
of the impeller

Thicker the Impeller- More Water

Larger the DIAMETER - More Pressure

Two Impellers in Series

Direction of Flow

Twice the pressure

Same amount of water

Centrifugal Pump

Reciprocating Pumps
It converts the mechanical energy into pressure energy by
sucking the liquid into a cylinder, in which a piston is
reciprocating
Types :
According to the contact of liquid one side or both sides of
the piston
Single Acting Reciprocating Pump
Double Acting Reciprocating Pump
According to the Number of Cylinders
Single cylinder Reciprocating Pump

Single Acting Reciprocating Pump

Double Acting Reciprocating Pump

in contact with both the sides of the piston, it is known as Double Acting Recipro
ng reciprocating pump has two suction and two delivery pipes.