Module 4

OSI Transport Layer

Objectives

Roles of the Transport Layer

The TCP Protocol Communicating with Reliability
Managing TCP Sessions
The UDP Protocol Communicating with Low Overhead

Roles of the Transport Layer

Purpose of the Transport Layer

Functions of the
Transport layer are:
Tracking the
individual
communication
between applications
on the source and
destination hosts
Segmenting data and
managing each piece
Reassembling the
segments into
streams of
application data
Identifying the
different applications

Tracking the Conversations

Segmentation

Controlling the Conversations

Supporting Reliable Communication

Transport Layer Protocols

Transmission Control
Protocol (TCP)
Connection-oriented
Reliable
Divide outgoing messages
into segments
Reassembles messages at
the destination station by
order
Re-send anything not
received
Reassembles messages
from incoming segments

User Datagram Protocol

(UDP)
Connectionless
Unreliable
Transmit messages
Provides no software
checking for message
delivery
Does not reassemble
incoming messages by
order
Uses no
acknowledgements
Provides no flow control
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TCP and UDP

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Port Addressing

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Port Addressing
Well Known Ports
(Numbers 0 to 1023):
These numbers are
reserved for services and
applications
Registered Ports
(Numbers 1024 to 49151):
These port numbers are
assigned to user
processes or applications
Dynamic or Private
Ports (Numbers
49152 to 65535): Also
known as Ephemeral
Ports, these are
usually assigned
dynamically to client
applications when
initiating a connection
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Port Addressing

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Port Addressing

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Segmentation and Reassembly

Divide and Conquer

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The TCP Protocol

Communicating with Reliability

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TCP Make Conversations Reliable

TCP Segment Header Fields

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TCP Server Processes

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TCP Connection Establishment and

Termination
TCP Connection Establishment

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TCP Connection Establishment and

Termination

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Managing TCP Sessions

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TCP Segment Reassembly

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TCP Acknowledgement with Windowing

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TCP Retransmission
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TCP Congestion Control Minimizing

Segment Loss

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TCP Congestion Control Minimizing

Segment Loss

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The UDP Protocol

Communicating with Low Overhead

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UDP Low Overhead vs. Reliability

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UDP Datagram Reassembly

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UDP Server Processes and Requests

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UDP Client Processes

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Good luck with this module!

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