2013 Texas Instruments India Educators' Conference

LUMINOUS INTELLIGENCE
Kashyap N, B S Sachin , Akshay G H, Abhishek.A, Suma M N, Ambika D R
BMSCE, Bangalore
AbstractIn this paper we aim to design a smart
home automation system with very low power
consumption. Detection of change in the infrared
radiation intensity in an environment due to the
movement of humans is the key component of our
project. The Passive Infra-Red (PIR) sensor sends
output high signal to MSP430 controller board
whenever it detects a person in its range. The
MSP430 controller then sends the corresponding
signals to Lighting module and an alarm module
(using Audio booster pack C5000). A G.S.M
module is used to send the real time alerts to the
owner of the house if there are any unexpected
developments like robbery etc.

INPUT
OUTPUT
Keypad for
password

CONTROLLER
Solid
State Relay

RF Receiver
MSP430
Passive I.R
Sensor

Rectifier

Temperature
Sensor

I. INTRODUCTION

230 V
Supply

G.S.M
Module

Speakers
for giving
alert

LDR

The unprecedented and record increase in the

power consumption of Bangalore in the last few
years has made the Bangalore Electricity Supply
Company (BESCOM) and the Karnataka Power
Transmission Corporation Limited (KPTCL) to
launch a mega initiative to increase the citys
power handling capacity from 1600MW to
3000MW at a cost of Rs.1240 crore. According
to Karnataka Energy Minister Bangalore city,
which consumes 2000MW of power daily, has
[7]
potential to save 10 percent.(Source: ). Huge
amount of power is wasted due to human
negligence which can be minimized. A journey
of a thousand miles begins with a single step.
Our aim is to build a smart home to minimize
power wastage at lost cost compared to existing
home automation system which middle class
people can afford.

RTC

Figure 1: Block Diagram of the System

II. TECHNICAL BACKGROUND

In bank security systems usually laser method is
used to identify the incoming and outgoing
persons and hence give an alarm. The main
disadvantage of this system is that power is
wasted in order to keep the laser on every time
to check for persons. Hence we thought of
avoiding this disadvantage by replacing laser
with a PIR Sensor. Laser security systems can
be prohibitively expensive. While some security
system plans allow for customers to target one
room, plans that protect large amounts of land or
an entire house will cost much more and can be
difficult for many customers to afford. However
by using P.I.R sensors which costs within 4$
one can optimize both the cost and the power
consumed

Due to large scale increase in power

consumption in past few years in cities like
Bangalore, Mumbai etc.., we are motivated to
reduce the loss of the power. Hence our project
is mainly to design a low cost system based on
power optimization. Also the aim of this project
is to make the user interface as simple as
possible. The applications of home automation
are Security Health Monitoring and Lightning.
The block diagram of our project is shown in
figure 1.

** Akshay G.H:Gh.akshay@gmail.com ,
Abhishek A: Abhishek.a.1289@gmail.com

** Kashyap:Karshyap@gmail.com,
Sachin B.S: Bs.sachin@gmail.com

III. PROPOSED SOLUTION

978-0-7695-5146-3/13 $26.00 2013 IEEE
DOI 10.1109/TIIEC.2013.59

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The system consists of two basic modes

namely

Start

1. Home Automation Mode: This mode of

the system is mainly used to provide
comfort and make the interface easier for
the user. This mode operates only when
owner is present.

PIR (Outside)

No detection

Detection
High

2. Burglar Mode: This mode is used

whenever the user is not present. It is
mainly used for security purpose.

LDR (outside)
Low
Turn Off Tubelights

The detailed explanation of the above modes

are provided in the succeeding section

Turn Off Tubelights

IV. ORGANIZATION OF THE PAPER

Input Password

The forthcoming section deals with the detailed

explanation of the project and different modes of
the home automation.
th

Incorrect

th

The 6 and 7 section deals with the hardware

and software implementation respectively.
Finally the results of our project are dealt in the
th
8 section. Conclusions are dealt in the final
section.

Type Password

Correct

V. MODES OF THE PROJECT

Figure 2: Home Automation Mode(PART-1)
1) Home Automation Mode: The R.F module is
used to determine whether the system enters
the home automation mode or Burglar mode.
The LDR voltage read is fed to Master
MSP430G2553 master and its output is used to
detect whether to turn on tube lights or not. This
process goes on even when the owner is not at
home. Then the module asks to input the
password. If password is right then owner enters
the house while the system enters the home
automation module through the RF command.
Then the P.I.R sensor is used to detect human
presence. The Sensor sends the output to
Master MSP430G2553 module which in turn
switches on the light wherever human presence
is detected. Further the environment is made
more comfortable by reading the temperature by
LM35 sensor, output of which is used to control
the cooling system like A.C or Fan. The above
two processes are kept in a loop so as to detect
the human presence continuously and provide
the comfort. The working in this mode is shown
in flowcharts in figures 2 and 3.

2) Burglar Mode: As discussed above the

R.F module is used to select Burglar mode of
operation. Whenever burglar mode is detected
the master MSP430G2553 module polls for PIR
sensor output. In the earlier mode if a human
was detected then it would have transferred its
control to the keypad and waited for the user to
give input. But however in this mode if the P.I.R
sensor detects a person then it recognizes him
as a non-related person and sends an alert to
the owner through a G.S.M module in the form
of a text sms from which the user can take apt
steps. Also it sends a signal to the T.I C5000
audio booster pack which will alert the
neighbors. The flowchart #2 clearly explains the
working. The major constraint here is to make
the audio booster pack work with the SPI
interface from the MSP430 controller. The
working of this mode is shown in flowchart of
figure 4.

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Start

Switch off Burglar Mode

Read the pin for mode
detection in master

Enter Home Automation Mode

Check for Burglar
Mode

PIR (Inside)
b

Yes

No

Ask for password to

go to Home
Automation

Detection
Read PIR Output

No

LDR input low?

/Temperature high?

Check for intruders

Yes

Yes

Turn off the tubelight

/Turn off the fan

Send message to owner using GSM

Turn on the tubelight
/Turn on the fan
Turn on security alarm using TI C5000
b

Figure 3: Home Automation Mode (PART-2)

Figure 4: Burglar Mode

A. RF module
Communication between the segments or
different parts of the system is essential for
collective efficiency of the system. This is
achieved by using RF module. It consists of RF
booster pack CC110L AIR module manufactured
by Anaren and Texas instruments. This RF IC
works on 4 different frequencies based on the
programming and the external hardware. We will
be using 867 MHz.It is controlled by MSP430 by
means of SPI interface which includes SOMI,
SIMO, SCLK, CSN pins of CC110l.The GDO
pins are used to update the status of the CC110l
and can be programmed to interrupt the
controller on start of various events. The device
is configured by writing to its configuration
registers and the status is known by reading
form status registers. The mode of CC110 is set
by using Strobe Commands.

VI. HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION

The design of the hardware of the home
automation is explained in detailed in the
following points. The automation system
consists of various units which performs their
specific function and contribute to the complete
automation of the human environment and
comforting the human presence and also
provide appropriate security. The main hardware
components
are
RF
module,
Keypad
implementation, LCD module, PIR sensor,
Temperature Sensor and LDR (Light dependent
resistor), GSM Module and the Real time clock.
In
the
forthcoming
subsections
these
components are explained in detail.

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automatically when it is bright.

Like any transceiver it can works as a RX or TX

at a time. The main function of this part of the
system is to monitor and alter the modes of
operation of the system.

The temperature sensor used in the system is

LM35, a temperature sensor of Texas
instruments. The LM35 series are precision
integrated-circuit temperature sensors, whose
output voltage is linearly proportional to the
Celsius (Centigrade) temperature. The LM35
thus has an advantage over linear temperature
sensors calibrated in Kelvin, as the user is not
required to subtract a large constant voltage
from its output to obtain convenient Centigrade
scaling. The LM35 does not require any external
calibration or trimming to provide typical
o
accuracies of 14 C at room temperature and
o
o
34 C over a full 55 to +150 C temperature
range. Low cost is assured by trimming and
calibration at the wafer level. The LM35s low
output impedance, linear output, and precise
inherent calibration make interfacing to readout
or control circuitry especially easy.

B. Keypad and LCD interfacing

Keypad is used by the owner to input the
password. The LCD is used to display
appropriate messages.
C. PIR sensor and human detection
Movement or presence of humans in the
environment of this system is detected by the
principle of variation in the intensity of the
infrared radiation of the surroundings due to the
[1} .
presence of the humans
This principle is
adapted and executed in the system with the
help of PIR sensors. PIR sensors allow you to
sense motion, almost always used to detect
whether a human has moved in or out of the
sensors range. They are small, inexpensive,
low-power, easy to use and dont wear out. For
that reason they are commonly found in
appliances and gadgets used in homes or
businesses. They are often referred to as PIR,
Passive Infrared, Pyroelectric, or IR motion
sensors.
PIRs are basically made of a pyroelectric sensor
(which you can see above as the round metal
)[3],
can with a rectangular crystal in the center
which can detect levels of infrared radiation.
Everything emits some low level radiation, and
the hotter something is, the more radiation is
emitted. The sensor in a motion detector is
actually split in two halves. The reason for that is
that we are looking to detect motion (change)
not average IR levels.
Along with the pyroelectic sensor is a bunch of
supporting circuitry, resistors and capacitors. It
seems that most small hobbyist sensors use the
BISS0001 (Micro Power PIR Motion Detector
IC), undoubtedly a very inexpensive chip. This
chip takes the output of the sensor and does
some minor processing on it to emit a digital
output pulse from the analog sensor.

E. GSM Module
This is an important part of the project where
establishment of communication between the
system and the user is achieved, normally when
the user is out of the house. It operates in
burglar mode of the system. Whenever the
system detects presence of humans in its
environment, when it is in burglar mode, it
immediately sends a message to the user of that
there is human trespassing or intrusion inside
the house. This objective is achieved using the
[4]
GSM SIM900
module. GSM/GPRS RS232
Modem from rhydoLABZ is built with SIMCOM
Make SIM900 Quad-band GSM/GPRS engine,
works on frequencies of 850 MHz, 900 MHz,
1800 MHz and 1900 MHz. It is very compact in
size and easy to use as plug in GSM Modem.
The Modem is designed with RS232 Level
converter circuitry, which allows you to directly
interface PC Serial port .The baud rate can be
configurable from 9600-115200 through AT
command. Initially Modem is in Auto baud mode.
F. Real Time Clock
The RTC IC used is DS1306. The RTC IC used
is DS1306. The RTC is interfaced through SPI
interface and is used as an Alarm and to give
real time alerts.

D. Temperature Sensor and the LDR

In the home automation mode of the system
these sensors are used to qualitatively alter the
physical characteristics of the environment to
comfort the humans like if temperature of the
room is high, fan is switched on, etc. LDR is
used to measure the light intensity in the outer
environment so that light can be turned off

G. Audio Booster Pack

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Along with the message communication to the

user when there is human intrusion in the
burglar mode, a siren is also setup to alert the
people in the surrounding. Basically in an Audio
Booster Pack, inputs are given using the
capacitive touch pad given. But for the given
application the capacitive inputs are not required
and hence in the program the capacitive input
module is blocked. The C5000 audio booster
pack is connected to MSP430G2553 and SPI
[5]
communication protocol is established .

power mixed signal which adds to the

advantage. The main strength of this project
compared to laser method is the low cost and
low power requirement. The user interfacing is
very much easier. Except that Password is given
by the user, everything is done by the system
itself. Also the system alerts the user and the
surroundings whenever a theft or a robbery or
trespassing is about to happen. For this system
other additions like Baby care and old Age
monitoring system. Also Image processing
techniques can be used for advancement of the
project.

VII. SOFTWARE ORGANIZATION

Software is organized into various levels as
shown in flowcharts 1 and 2. The Software
encompasses various functions and is organized
as shown in these figures. For the audio
capacitive touch booster pack the function is
[5]
taken from the from a file titled Hostapp.c.

REFERENCES
[1] Moghavvemi, Pyroelectric infrared sensor for intruder
detection , M., TENCON 2004, 2004 IEEE Region 10
Conference.
[2] Suk Lee; Kyoung Nam Ha; Kyung Chang Lee A
pyroelectric infrared sensor-based indoor location-aware
system for the smart home,IEEE Transactions on
Consumer Electronics, Volume 52, Issue 4
[3] PIR Sensors:
http://www.ladyada.net/learn/sensors/pir.html
[4] GSM Module:-

VIII. RESULTS
The final picture of our apparatus is shown in
appendix A. Our project is mainly based on how
the PIR Sensor detects the human presence.
The maximum reaction time of PIR sensor to
output change is 10 seconds. LDR sensor
detects the intensity change with a tolerance of
5% and the Temperature sensor detects the
temperature change within a tolerance of about
3% of the given threshold temperature. The
final picture of our project is given in figure (5).
The video demonstration of our project can be
found at:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z8gmOWp
dC8Y.

http://wm.sim.com/producten.aspx?id=1019
[5] Audio Boosterpack C5000 :
http://www.processors.wiki.ti.com
[6] RF Booster Pack:

http://www.anarenceramics.com/air/cc110l-air-moduleboosterpack-embedded-antenna-module-anaren
[7]The Hindus Article regarding power wastage:
http://www.hindu.com/2007/06/05/stories/20070605065
30500.htm

ABOUT THE AUTHORS:

Kashyap N, B S Sachin, Akshay G H, Abhishek
rd
A are currently studying 3 year B.E(ECE) at
B.M.S College of Engineering, Bangalore.
Mentors Suma M N and Ambika D R are
Associate and assistant professors Dept of ECE,
BMS College of engineering, Bangalore.

COST OF MATERIALS
SL.
NO
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Fig 5: Complete project

IX. CONCLUSIONS

8
9

The project explains how to provide home

security with low economy. TI MSP430 is a low

COMPONENT

COST
(INR)
220
50
50
1200
15
15
1800

Qty

MSP430 LAUNCHPAD
3
5 V RELAYS
4
L293D
1
SIM900 GSM
1
UA7805
5
UA78M53
5
AUDIOBOOSTER
1
PACK C5000
RF BOOSTER PACK
1000
1
MSP430 LAUNCHPAD
500
1
TOTAL COST OF ALL COMPONENTS

TOTAL
COST
660
200
50
1200
75
75
1800
1000
500
5060

Hence the total cost of our project is 5060

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