JOURNAL ARTICLE REVIEW TEMPLATE

North American University

Education Department
M.Ed. in Educational Leadership / M.Ed. in Curriculum and Instruction
EDUC 5324 Integrating Technology into Education
Name: Sadrettin Orman

Date: 9/20/15

Cite the reviewed article in APA format:

Chang, I.-H. (2012). The Effect of Principals' Technological Leadership on Teachers' Technological Literacy and
Teaching Effectiveness in Taiwanese Elementary Schools. Educational Technology & Society, 15 (2), 328340.

INTRODUCTION
Research Questions (if research questions are not specifically mentioned, what is
the theoretical background or overarching theme):

1-Is there a significant correlation between teachers technological

literacy and teaching effectiveness?
2- Does a principals technological leadership affect teaching effectiveness?

Purpose of the research:

The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationships among

technological leadership of principals, the technological literacy and
teaching effectiveness of elementary school teachers. The study also
finds out that principals technological leadership, as mediated by
teachers technological literacy, can affect teaching effectiveness.
METHODOLOGY
What is the methodology for the research or approach used to understand the
issue? Provide information regarding the following:

Participants:
1000 elementary teachers randomly selected from different cities of Taiwan ( Keelung
City, Taipei City, Hsinchu City, Taichung City, Tainan City, and
Kaohsiung City) , from different positions: tenured teachers, mentors
and heads of departments.
Procedures:
Teachers were asked to value the principals role in leading and
enabling technology use, teachers technological literacy and teaching
effectiveness in schools in the survey.

Data Collection Methods/Data Source:

60.5 % of participants responded to the questions in the survey. These were the
areas teachers were asked to respond ;
1-The Principals Technological leadership Instrument
2-Teachers Technological Literacy Instrument
3-Teaching Effectiveness Instrument
The respondents were categorized by gender, age, their school size, years of teaching
experience and the level of their education.
Gender
Male
210
34.7%
Female
394
65.1%
Age
30 (or below) years old
118
19.5%
31-40 years old
268
44.3%
41-50 years old
186
30.7%
51 (or above) years old
33
5.5%
School Size (N of class)
17 (or below) classes
104
17.2%
18-35 classes
172
28.4%
36-53 classes
178
29.4%
54 (or above) classes
150
24.8%
Teaching Year
5 (or blew) years
120
19.8%
6-15 years
235
38.8%
16-30 years
224
37.0%
31 (or above) years
26
4.3%
Data Analysis:
SEM, SPSS was used to calculate the scale reliabilities and perform factor analyses.
LISREL was also used in the last model of SEM.

RESULTS
Findings or Results (or main points of the article):

It was confirmed at the end of the survey that as a leader in the school,
principals technological leadership improves teachers technological
literacy development and that also directly influenced teachers

integration of technology into their teaching practices. Furthermore,

teachers technological literacy directly affected teaching
effectiveness. Principals technological leadership also improved
teachers teaching effectiveness.

DISCUSSIONS
Conclusions/Implications (for your profession):

As this study indicates, principals as technological leaders must

develop and implement vision and technology plans for their schools,
encourage the technological development and training of teachers,
provide sufficient technological infrastructure support, and develop an
effective school-evaluation plan. Principals who can embrace their
ever-changing roles and become technological leaders are those who
can effectively lead and prepare their schools for the decades to come.
More important, teachers, who practice their craft in the technological
age, should look diligently to develop their own technological literacy;
they should change the traditional unidirectional method of teaching,
and learn how to incorporate technology into their teaching in order to
encourage their students academic achievement.
REFLECTIONS
Students Reflections (changes to your understanding; implications for your
school/work):

This research shows that It is a must for school leaders to be also technology leader in the
information era. School leaders have a vital role to implement the new educational
technological tools and software in the schools. They also play a key role to encourage
their staff to participates professional development current educational technology and
incorporate in their classes. As a teacher, I gain a new perspective about importance of
technology usage in classroom and how it impact students learning. We are not in the
same years of what and how we were taught (chalk board and teacher centered
instruction) There are hundreds of new progresses in information technology to be
applied in the classroom. Teacher should be able to follow and learn about changing
educational tool and software, use them in their instructions. Meanwhile the principals
should know the needs of their teachers and ensure that they are applying the technology
in classrooms.