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  • Boiling Water Reactor

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    Nguyenthanh Binh
    30 просмотров20 страниц
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    30 просмотров20 страниц

    Boiling Water Reactor

    Загружено:

    Nguyenthanh Binh
    hay

    Авторское право:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Скачайте в формате PDF или читайте онлайн в Scribd
    Отметить как неприемлемый контент
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Hign nay, ngudn p&ephatng phyc vu cho con ngudi cha yéu My tir ede ngudn ning long hod thach nh than 4, diu.moGBkhshign nhién. Ngvdi ta cling da tranh ludn rat nhiéu xung quanh van dé nguyén ligu hoa thach edn tén tai duge bao lau? Cé mot diéu chac chin 1a ngudn nang lugng hoa thach ding chi e6 han. Theo tinh ton cua cic chuyén gia nang lung quéc té thi than da, mac dit c6 trit Iwong tong di phong phi, nhung cing chi khai the due trong vong 230 nam la can kiét, cn dau mo la 43 nim. va khi thién nhién 1a 62:nim. Trong khi 46, nhién tigu Uran néu ti xir ly 06 thé sit dung hang ngan nim, chira ké Thori eting e6 thé diing lim nhién ligu cho nha may dign hat nhan. Vin dé sir dung cdc dang ning Iugng méi nhw gid, mit tri, thuy triéu, dién nhigt... cling di duge nghién ciu. Tuy nhién, cée ngudn ning rong nay cing chi chiém mgt ty Ig rat nho. ‘Vi vay, dé tra Idi cu hoi vé gidi php ngudn ning lngng méi. Va tim higu xem ho da lam thé nao dé din thay thé nang Iuong héa thach ngay cing can kiét. Hay cing nhém SUNRISE cia ching ti tim hiéu vé nha may dign nguyén ti BOILING WATER REACTOR NHOM SUNRISE, TRANG 2 VAT LY NEUTRON ‘ThS. TRAN THIEN THANH MUC LUC LOI GIGI THIEU.. MUC LUC ese CHUONG I, SU HINH THANH 1.1, GIAL DOAN PHAT TRIEN I.La, Thé hg 1.(1950— 1960) T TRIEN CUA LO PHAN UNG... 1.2. PHAN LOAI CAC LOAI LO PHAN UNG HAT NHAN ...... 1.2.a. La phan ting nude — nude: 1.2. Lé phan ting graphite: 1.2.c. La phan tng sir dung neutron kich hogt nang ling ln (neutron nhanh) 1.24. Lo nhigt dé cao tai nhigt bing tai nhigt bing khi gas, vi graphite im chét lam chim... 9 CHUONG II CONG NGHE , NGUYEN TAC HOAT Bone VA CAU TAO CUA LO BWR 7 sveesensecne 0. 1, CONG NGHE LO BWR... = 10 112, NGUYEN TAC HOAT BONG CHUNG. ca ees 113. CAU TAO LO BWR vvocnnnnsmnnntitinnnmninennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnns 113.a, Hé thang binh 16 phan ing... os i 11.3.b. Hé théng thanh nhign ligu.... 12 113. Hé thing thanh digu khign (thanh kiém soit)... : ania: 11.3.4. Noi 4p lye 1d phan img(RPV) B IL3.¢. Hé thong lam sach nude lo phan ting 4 11.3.£. Hé théng dng dan tuan hoan 14 113.g. Hé théng ef bom tua hoa sesnnsnnn nnn ces M13h. Tuabin hoi mde. 15 113.4. H@ théng an todn 1d phaM UMGoennne 16 CHUONG III, UU DIEM VA NHUGC DIEM CUA LO BWR. IT IIL.1. UU'BIEM ... 7 i 17 L2. NHUGC DIEM o.oo AB TALLIEU THAM KHAO..... 19 NHOM SUNRISE TRANG 3 VAT LY NEUTRON ‘ThS. TRAN THIEN THANH CHUONG I. SU HINH THANH VA PHAT TRIEN CUA LO PHAN UNG 1.1. GIAIDOAN PHAT TRIEN L.1.a. Thé hé 1 (1950 - 1960) 1b phan iimg thé hg thir nhat duge xéy dung vao nhiing nim 1955-1965, tap Ca trung chit yéu 6 Hoa Ky, Lién X6, Nhgt Ban, Thuy Dién va Vuong quée Anh. Cae 13 thude thé hé nay bit ngudn tir nhang mdu thiét ké ban du duoe phat trién dé sir dung trén tau bién cudi nhing nam 1940. Thiét ké ban dau c6 céng suat khoang 5.000 KW. Bao gdm nhiing nguyén mau ban dau 1d phan ing hat nhan tir nhimg nam 1950 va 1960, vi dy nhu Shippingport, Dresden-1, Magnox va.Calder Hall-1 6 Vuong quéc Anh. MOt sé ld phan img dién hinh ciia céc 10 thé 1. Shippingport Lo phan ting Shippingport duge dua vao van hanh nim 1957 tai Shippingport, Pennsylvania, Hoa Ky va hoat ding ti nim 1982 + Lal phan img nue ép hee + Lam chim va lam lanh bing nuge nhe 1,0, E * Nhién ligu: hop kim Uranium UO, lim itu cao. + Cong suit 60 MW. NHOM SUNRISE TRANG 4 VAT LY NEUTRON ‘ThS. TRAN THIEN THANH Dresden-1 + Lo phan img made s6i thuemg mai dau tién * Bat ddu xay dung vao nim 1956 va duge ni véi mang dign vio nam 1960, + Noung hoat dong ngay 31/10/1978 + Lam cham va kim lanh bang nuée nhe H,0. + Nhign ligu: hop kim Uranium UO: lam gidw cao. * Céng sudt tng: 207 MW. Lt.b. ThE hg It Bit diu vgn hinh vo nhing nim 1970 va bao gém phin Ién trong sé trén 400 10 phan ting van hanh thong mai kiéu nude dui dp Tue (PWR) va kigu mud soi (BWR). Cac 1 phan img nay, thuimg duoc goi la 18 phan ting nude nhe (LWR), sir dung cde phuong phap an toan “chi: djng” truyén théng bao gém cac tic dong dién hoge co khi thy hign theo Iénh. Mét sé hé théng theo thiét ké con van hanh kiéu thy dong (VD: sir dyng van gidm ap) va kim vige khéng can dén ngudi diéu khién hoge mat ngudn dign ty ding. Gém cac kiéu I PWR (Pressurized Water Reactor ~ lo phan tmg ap lye) va BWR (Boiled Water Reactor ~ 16 phan img nude s6i) cua chau Au, Hoa K§, Nhat; WER va RBMK (cia Nga); Candu née nang (ciia Canada, An D6), HTGR (High Temperature Helium Gas), LMFR (Liquid metal cooled reactor). Ld nude soi Chi duy tri e6 mét hé thang mute. Nude vita hap thy nhigt tir cde phan ig hat nhin trong 1d dé bién nude thanh hoi nude va hoi nuée vi ap sudt duge din thiing dén tuabin dé quay méy phat dién. Trong loai ld phan ting nay, nude duge truyén qua Idi 1d phan tg, hoat déng nhw nbimg dung dich trung hoa va mai NHOM SUNRISE, TRANG 5 VAT LY NEUTRON ‘ThS. TRAN THIEN THANH trudng lam ngugi, a ngudn hai nude dé Lim quay tuabin. Lo BWR hogt dong 6 digu kign dp sudt 70 atm, 6 d6, nhigt d6 s6i ctia nude li 285°C. Moi truéng mhigt d6 nay lam cho higu suat Carnot chi dat duge 42%, thyc té nguon dign nang sinh ra chi cb khong 32%, thdp hon so véi loai lo nurée dudi ap suét (PWR). La nude dp aadt: Gm hai hg théng nude téch bigt va. nude Khong pha trOn vio nhau, H@ théng chinh e6 nhigm vu hip thu nhigt tir cde phan ting trong lo dudi dp suat rit cao va dang nude néng nay duge chay qua hg théng éng trong binh wii nhigt. Tai day, nhigt duge hé théng nude thi hai nhan va bién nude thinh hoi nude. Dudi dp suit cao, dong hoi née nay duge din vio tuabin dé chay may phat dién. Loi thé cita loai ld nay ld sw 19 ri nhign lign s® khéng xay ra 6 he théng chita chay vio tuabin va may nén, 11.¢. LO thé hé Ill va lilt: Cée la chuyén tigp thé hg TH duge phat trién trong nhimmg nm 1990 véi wu thé

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