General'Chemistry'

Unit'Plan:'Gas'Laws'
Alisha'Maxwell'
'
Overview'of'the'Unit:'This'unit'will'cover'the'basics'of'gasses'including'the'properties'of'gasses,'how'they'
behave'and'the'laws'that'define'that'behavior.'The'properties'that'will'be'covered'are'kinetic'energy,'velocity,'
mass,'pressure,'volume,'moles'and'temperature.'These'properties'are'what'define'gasses'behavior'and'make'
up'the'laws.'Students'will'see'how'the'ideal'gas'law'is'defined'and'how'it'compares'to'real'gasses.'Lastly'when'
student'have'a'good'understanding'of'gasses,'they'will'do'a'minor'research'unit'on'greenhouse'gasses'and'
what'we'need'to'know'about'them'currently.''
'
Standards'Covered:'
! Stand'1:'Inquiry'Process'
o! Concept'1:'Observations,'Questions,'and'Hypotheses'
!! PO'1.'Evaluate'scientific'information'for'relevance'to'a'given'problem.'(See'R09PS3C1,'
R10PS3C1,'R11PS3C1,'and'R12PS3C1)''
!! PO'2.'Develop'questions'from'observations'that'transition'into'testable'hypotheses.''
!! PO'3.'Formulate'a'testable'hypothesis.''
!! PO'4.'Predict'the'outcome'of'an'investigation'based'on'prior'evidence,'probability,'
and/or'modeling'(not'guessing'or'inferring).'
o! Concept'2:'Scientific'Testing'(Investigating'and'Modeling)''
!! PO'1.'Demonstrate'safe'and'ethical'procedures'(e.g.,'use'and'care'of'technology,'
materials,'organisms)'and'behavior'in'all'science'inquiry.''
!! PO'5.'Record'observations,'notes,'sketches,'questions,'and'ideas'using'tools'such'as'
journals,'charts,'graphs,'and'computers'
o! Concept'3:'Analysis,'Conclusions,'and'Refinements''
!! PO'1.'Interpret'data'that'show'a'variety'of'possible'relationships'between'variables,'
including:''positive'relationship''negative'relationship''no'relationship'PO'2.'Evaluate'
whether'investigational'data'support'or'do'not'support'the'proposed'hypothesis.''
o! Concept'4:'Communication''
!! PO'2.'Produce'graphs'that'communicate'data.'(See'MHSPS2C1P02)''
!! PO'3.'Communicate'results'clearly'and'logically.''
! Strand'3:'Science'in'Personal'and'Social'Perspectives''
o! Concept'2:'Science'and'Technology'in'Society''
!! PO'1.'Analyze'the'costs,'benefits,'and'risks'of'various'ways'of'dealing'with'the'following'
needs'or'problems:'greenhouse'gases''
! Strand'5:'Physical'Science'
o! Concept'2:'Motions'and'Forces'
!! PO'5.'Use'Newtons'3rd'Law'to'explain'forces'as'interactions'
o! Concept'3:'Conservation'of'Energy'and'Increase'in'Disorder''
!! PO'3.'Recognize'that'energy'is'conserved'in'a'closed'system.''
!! PO'4.'Calculate'quantitative'relationships'associated'with'the'conservation'of'energy.''
!! PO'5.'Analyze'the'relationship'between'energy'transfer'and'disorder'in'the'universe'
(2nd'Law'of'Thermodynamics).''
!! PO'7.'Explain'how'molecular'motion'is'related'to'temperature.''
o! Concept'4:'Chemical'Reactions'
!! PO'6.'Solve'problems'involving'such'quantities'as'moles,'mass,'molecules,'volume'of'a'
gas,'and'molarity'using'the'mole'concept'and'Avogadros'number.''
o! Concept'5:'Interactions'of'Energy'and'Matter''

!! PO'1.'Describe'various'ways'in'which'matter'and'energy'interact'(e.g.,'photosynthesis,'
phase'change).''
!! PO'4.'Describe'the'basic'assumptions'of'kinetic'molecular'theory.''
!! PO'5.'Apply'kinetic'molecular'theory'to'the'behavior'of'matter'(e.g.,'gas'laws).'

'
Objectives:'
! Students'will'be'able'to'define'what'a'gas'in'and'how'it'behaves.'
! Students'will'be'able'to'define'what'an'ideal'gas'is'and'hoe'it'behaves.'
! Students'will'be'able'to'convert'between'units'using'dimensional'analysis.''
! Students'will'be'able'to'apply'Grahams'Law'to'gas'mixtures.'
! Students'will'be'able'to'compute'the'pressure'of'a'singe'gas'and'a'gas'mixture'using'Daltons'Law.'
! Students'will'be'able'to'derive'the'ideal'gas'equation'from'Boyles'Law,'Charless'Law,'and'Avogadros'
Law.'
! Students'will'be'able'to'compare'ideal'and'real'gasses'using'the'properties'and'equations'of'both.'
! Student'will'be'able'to'apply'their'knowledge'of'gasses'to'objectively'look'at'the'issue'of'greenhouse'
gasses'in'our'world.'
'
Lesson'1:'What'is'a'Gas?'
'
Content:'
! Properties'of'a'Gas'
o! Fill'up'entire'volume'
o! Always'moving'
o! Gasses'exert'pressure'in'all'directions'
! Kinetic'Molecular'theory'
o! Ideal'Gas''
!! Point'particles'
! No'volume'
! No'mass'
!! Elastic'Collisions=No'interactions'
! No'Attractions'
! No'Repulsions'
!! Move'at'a'consistent'speed'in'a'straight'line'
!! have'an'average'kinetic'energy'(KE)'that'is'proportional'to'the'absolute'temp.'of'gas'
!! Assume'STP'if'not'stated'
! standard'temperature'
'
o
o! 0 C' '
o! 273'K'
! standard'pressure'
o! 1'atm'
o! 101.3'kPa'
o! 760'mm'Hg'
! Equations'/'Conversion'Factors:'
o! K'='oC'+'273'
o! oC'='K''273'
o! 1'atm'='101.3'kPa'='760'mm'Hg'
!! Theory'works'at'high'pressures'and'low'temperatures'
Activities:''

! Ideal'Gas'Simulation'
o! https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/gasPproperties''
! Practice'converting'from'units''

'
Lesson'2:'Grahams'Law''
'
Content:'
! Grahams'Law'
o! KE'is'related'to'mass'and'velocity'(KE'=''m'v2)'
o! 'More'massive'gas'particles'are'slower'than'less'massive'gas'particles'(on'average).''
o! Consider'two'gases'at'same'temp.'
!! Gas'1:' '
''''KE1'=''m1'v12'
!! Gas'2:' '
''''KE2'=''m2'v22'
o! Since'temp.'is'same,'then'
!! KE1'='KE2'
!! 'm1'v12'=''m2'v22'
!! m1'v12'='m2'v22'
o! Divide'both'sides'by'm1'v22'

& 1 #
1 #
2
2&
$
!
$
!
$
m
$
v
=
m
$
v
2 2 $
2!
$ m $v 2 ! 1 1
m
$
v
% 1 2 "'
!! % 1 2 "
2

v1
m
= 2
2
m1 '
!! v 2

!! Take'sq.'rt.'of'both'sides'to'get'Grahams'Law:'

v1
m2
=
v2
m1 '

!!
o! To'use'Grahams'Law,'both'gases'must'be'at'same'temp.''
!! diffusion:'particle'movement'from'high'to'low'conc.'
!! effusion:'diffusion'of'gas'particles'through'an'opening'

'
Activities:'
! Effusion/'Diffusion'Simulation'
o! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O3RkZk6kyQU''
! Marble'Hands'on'Activity'
'
Lesson'3:'Pressure''
'
Content:'
! Gas'Pressure'
o! P=F/A'
! Daltons'Law'of'Partial'Pressure'
o! partial'pressure'of'an'individual'gas'component'in'an'ideal'gas'can'be'obtained'using'this'
expression:'
!!
'
o! The'mole'fraction'of'a'gas'component'in'a'gas'mixture'is'equal'to'the'volumetric'fraction'of'
that'component'in'a'gas'mixture.'
!!
'

!!
'
! Boyles'Law:'
o!
'
!! where'P'is'the'pressure'of'the'gas,'V'is'the'volume'of'the'gas,'and'k'is'a'constant.'
o!
'
Activities:'
! Virtual'Chem'Lab'Partial'Pressure'Simulation'
! Boyles'Law'Marshmallow'Lab'
o! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1I93Y2AH0mw''
'
Lesson'4:'Charless'Law''
'
Content:'
! Charless'Law:'
o!

'
!! V'is'the'volume'of'the'gas'
!! T'is'the'temperature'of'the'gas'(measured'in'Kelvin).'
!! k'is'a'constant.'

o!
Activities:'
! Charles'Law'Lab'
o! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5M8GR6_zIps''
'
Lesson'5:'Avogadros'Law'
'
Content:'
! Avogadros'Law:'
o!

'

'
!! V'is'the'volume'of'the'gas'
!! n'is'the'amount'of'substance'of'the'gas'(measured'in'moles).'
!! k'is'a'constant'equal'to'RT/P,'where'R'is'the'universal'gas'constant,'T'is'the'Kelvin'
temperature,'and'P'is'the'pressure.'As'temperature'and'pressure'are'constant,'RT/P'is'
also'constant'and'represented'as'k.''

Activities:'
! Avogadros'Law'Lab'
o! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JelzgkP5I98''
'
Lesson'6:'Ideal'Gas'Law'
'
Content:'
! Ideal'Gas'Law'
o! What'is'an'ideal'gas?'(reminder)'
o! combination'of'Boyle's'law,'Charles's'law'and'Avogadro's'Law.''
o!
'

! Differences'between'ideal'gas'and'real'gasses'
o! Real'gasses'
!! Have'Mass'
!! Have'Volume'
!! Have'Attraction'
!! Have'Repulsions'
!! Do'not'have'elastic'collisions'
o!
'
Activities:''
! Ideal'Gas'Law'Simulation'
o! http://highered.mheducation.com/olcweb/cgi/pluginpop.cgi?it=swf::100%::100%::/sites/dl/fre
e/0023654666/117354/Ideal_Nav.swf::Ideal%20Gas%20Law%20Simulation''
'
Lesson'7:'Greenhouse'Gasses'
'
Content:'
! Greenhouse'Gasses'
o! These'are'gases'which'allow'direct'sunlight'(relative'shortwave'energy)'to'reach'the'Earth's'
surface'unimpeded.''
o! As'the'shortwave'energy'(that'in'the'visible'and'ultraviolet'portion'of'the'spectra)'heats'the'
surface,'longerPwave'(infrared)'energy'(heat)'is'reradiated'to'the'atmosphere.'
o! Greenhouse'gases'absorb'this'energy,'thereby'allowing'less'heat'to'escape'back'to'space,'and'
'trapping''it'in'the'lower'atmosphere.''
o! Many'greenhouse'gases'occur'naturally'in'the'atmosphere,'such'as'carbon'dioxide,'methane,'
water'vapor,'and'nitrous'oxide,'while'others'are'synthetic.''
!! Those'that'are'manPmade'include'the'chlorofluorocarbons'(CFCs),'hydrofluorocarbons'
(HFCs)'and'Perfluorocarbons'(PFCs),'as'well'as'sulfur'hexafluoride'(SF6).''
o! Atmospheric'concentrations'of'both'the'natural'and'manPmade'gases'have'been'rising'over'the'
last'few'centuries'due'to'the'industrial'revolution.''
!! As'the'global'population'has'increased'and'our'reliance'on'fossil'fuels'(such'as'coal,'oil'
and'natural'gas)'has'been'firmly'solidified,'so'emissions'of'these'gases'have'risen.'
!! While'gases'such'as'carbon'dioxide'occur'naturally'in'the'atmosphere,'through'our'
interference'with'the'carbon'cycle'(through'burning'forest'lands,'or'mining'and'burning'
coal),'we'artificially'move'carbon'from'solid'storage'to'its'gaseous'state,'thereby'
increasing'atmospheric'concentrations.'
Activities:'
! Research'and'write'a'newspaper'article'on'what'people'today'need'to'know'about'greenhouse'gasses.''
o! https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/greenhouse''
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Assessment:'
'
Throughout'the'Unit:'Worksheets'and'homework'assignments'will'be'graded'for'completion'and'correction.'
'
End'of'Unit:'A'comprehensive'short'answer'test'will'be'given.'The'objectives'will'be'used'as'the'basis'of'the'
test.'
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