AP BIOLOGY

Chapter 8
Metabolism

 Remember:

Exergonic/ Endergonic

Anabolic pathways

consume
energy to build molecules
OR

release energy by breaking down molecules

The measure of disorder or randomness

entropy
Chemical reactions with a NEGATIVE
exergonic
free energy (- G) are ____________
endergonic or exergonic

Chemical reactions with a POSITIVE

endergonic
free energy (+ G) are ____________
endergonic

exergonic

Most enzymes belong to which group

of macromolecules?
proteins

Molecules that speed up chemical

catalysts
reactions are called ____________

Reactions that
release
free
energy
Exergonic
are called ______________
exergonic or endergonic

negative

The hydrolysis of ATP is a ________ G

reaction.
Catalytic proteins that speed up chemical
reactions in living things are called
enzymes
____________

Reactions that absorb free energy

endergonic
are called ______________
exergonic

endergonic

Chemical reactions with a NEGATIVE

free energy (- G) are ____________
spontaneous
spontaneous

nonspontaneous

Region on an enzyme where non

competitive inhibitors can bind =
Allosteric site
______________

Allosteric Inhibition

Chemical reactions with a POSITIVE

nonspontaneous
free energy (+ G) are ____________
spontaneous nonspontaneous

The initial investment of energy for starting

a chemical reaction is called
Activation energy OR
the _______________
Energy of activation
The place on an enzyme where the substrate
active site
attaches = _____________

Remember this graph???

Chemical reactions with a NEGATIVE

spontaneous
free energy (- G) are ____________
spontaneous nonspontaneous

Which kinds of bonds hold the substrate to

the active site of an enzyme?
Weak interactions like hydrogen & ionic bonds

Nonprotein helpers forcofactors

catalytic activity
are called ______________

cofactors

A molecule that mimics a substrate,

binds to the active site, and reduces
COMPETITIVE
the activity
of an enzyme is called
a(n) _______________ inhibitor.

NONCOMPETITIVE
______________ inhibitors slow down

enzymatic reactions by binding to a

site other than the active site and
causing a change in the enzymes shape
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK

In __________________ inhibition, a
metabolic pathway is switched off by
the binding of its end product.

The arrow in the diagram is showing the

ACTIVATION ENERGY
_________________
of this reaction.

The arrow in the diagram is showing the

______________________
of this reaction.
CHANGE IN FREE ENERGY
(G)

This reaction has a ___ G +because the energy of

the products is greater then the reactants

This reaction has a ___ G because the energy of

the products is less then the reactants

How would adding an enzyme change the

graph of this reaction?
Enzymes lower the activation energy of
chemical reactions but dont change the
energy of the products

Cellular respiration uses glucose, which has a high level of free

energy and releases CO2 and H2O which have low levels of free
energy.
Is respiration spontaneous or not?

Is it exergonic or endergonic?

spontaneous

exergonic