Jasmin Sierra

AP World History
1st Period
AP World History: An Essential Course book. 2nd
Illustrated Dictionary Chapters 1 & 2
Word/Image :

Sentence:

Definition:

1. Cultural Diffusion

2.
2.
2.
Demography

Plants domesticated
in the Middle East
spread to close
areas trough
cultural diffusion.

The spread of
cultures to new
areas including
innovation,
technology,
religion, language,
food and clothing
styles and disease

In geography
demography is of
great importance
because it
emphasizes on
spatial organization.

The study of
population (demo
meaning population
or people and
graphe describe)

Intervening
obstacles can
change over time
like an ocean that
separated lands no
longer preventing
migration once
technology
develops.

Physical features
that halt or slow
migration form one
place to another

Marker events are

difficult to set a date
due to lack of
interaction between
humans.

Are turning points"

in history which are
those that had
some major effect
on the world

Migrations are
caused by many
different reasons
but most of them
are economic.

Permanent moves
to a new location
that have occurred
on local, regional,
and global levels

3. Intervening

obstacles

4. "Ma
ker" events

5. Migrations

Jasmin Sierra
AP World History
1st Period
6. The Myth of

Continents

The Myth of
Continents was an
idea that propose
the world was
divided into
continents and that
continental
organization
structure our view
on the human
community.

Book by Martin W.
Lewis and Karen E.
Wigen that focuses
on the idea that the
world is somehow
divided in
continents

7. Periodization
Periodization helps
you think carefully
about a time period
and analyze
structures among
societies and any
other changes in
politics or
economics.

A process or study
of classifying the
past into different
time periods in
order for history to
become easier

8. Perspective
A historian has to
have many abilities
but most
importantly the
ability to analyze
perspective.

Point of view

9. Push and Pull

Factors

Pull and push

factors may include
lack of
opportunities, wars,
or improving living
conditions.

Push factors
encourage people
to move from the
region that they
live in/ Pull factors
attracts them to a
new region

Jasmin Sierra
AP World History
1st Period
10.

11.

Agriculture

14.
e

The deliberate
tending of crops
and livestock in
order to produce
food and fiber

Bipedal creatures
which include us use
an odd form of
thrust.

The preference for

walking erect on
two limps rather
than four

Catal Huyuk houses

were joined together
and traded flint,
obsidian, and
jewelry.

Neolithic
settlement in
Anatolia
(7250-6150 B.C.E.)

Bipedalism

12.
Catal
Huyuk

13.

Agriculture was
adopted little by
little to supplement
the need of hunters
and gatherers.

Division of
labor

The most common

division of labor
would be women
working on house
work while men
would work on
gathering food.

The task given to

different people in
order to improve
something

Horticultur

15.
Independen
t invention

They are many

schools where
agriculture,
horticulture,
carpentry and other
trades are taught.

When people only

use hand tools
such as hoes and
digging sticks to
plant seeds and
cultivate crops

An example of an
independent
invention would be
a compass which
was invented by
different people
roughly at the same

Are developments
that can be traced
back to specific
civilizations or
cultural hearths
no cultural diffusion
involved

Jasmin Sierra
AP World History
1st Period
time in different
places.

16.

Jericho

Jericho had round

houses of mud and
brick and were
surrounded by a
ditch and wall.

17.

Lucy

18.

Neolithic

Revolution
19.
Paleolithic

Age

A town that turn

into a small city
and located on the
Jordan river
founded by 7000
B.C.E
( traded salt, sulfur,
semi-precious
stones, and
obsidian stone)

Lucy was an
Australopithecus
that lived in eastern
Africa more than
three million years
ago.

Was a hybrid
between modern
humans and apes
that was able to
walk upright for
small distance

The Neolithic
Revolution help
people to adapt into
producing their own
food which became
more efficient.

The changeover
from food
gathering to food
producing (a
marker event)

During the
Paleolithic Age
flaking was one of
the first technology
tools made to form
sharp edges on
objects.

Old Stone Age

which extended
until about 8000
B.C.E by which time
humans inhabited
all the continents
except Antarctica

Jasmin Sierra
AP World History
1st Period
20.

Pastoralism
Farmers wealth
consist on mostly
pastoralism with
their stock of cattle,
sheep and goats.

21.

Polytheism
In some countries
polytheism or those
who worshiped
different gods ended
up being killed.

22.

Belief in multiple
gods

Primary

Sources
23.
Specializati
on

24.

The first
domesticators of
animals that
remained seminomadic

Primary resources
include results of an
experiment or
historic and legal
documents.

Original evidence
from the time
period

A shaman
specialization was to
summon gods and
having access to the
world of good and
devil spirits.

Being something
your good at/ being
put into a specific
task

Surplus
Surplus improved
health due to
reliable food supply
and population
increased as more
specialization
occurred.

More crops than

the farmer needed
to feed his own
family

Jasmin Sierra
AP World History
1st Period
25.

Akkadian
Sargon founded the
Akkadian Empire
what us thought to
be the worlds first
empire during the
23rd century B.C.

Empire
26.
Amon-Re
Pharaohs were the
son of Amon-re and
some of his grates
temples were in
Thebes.
27.

Worn by individuals
to protect them
from evil spirits

Analects

Confucian values
are reflected in the
Analects which are
instructions for
proper behavior.

29.

The god of the sun

(Thebes center of
his worship)

Amulets
Many amulets are
used in different
countries due to the
diverse religious
beliefs.

28.

(Sargon - King of
Akkad )This empire
was the first to
unite city-states
under a single ruler
and ruled for 200
years

The teachings of
Confucius written
by his disciples (a
collection of
Confucianism; the
Book of Changes
with instructions for
shamans for
divination; Book of
history & Book of
Etiquette

Aryans
The Nazis ideal was
that people were of
Aryan existence or
else they were
killed.

Invaders from the

northwest who
spoke IndoEuropean
languages

Jasmin Sierra
AP World History
1st Period
30.

31.

Babylonian
s

32.
Book of
Songs

The Egyptian Book

of the Dead was
divided in 50
chapters and the
mass produces &
purchased by the
elites.

A collection of
chapters made up
of magic spells and
formulas (thought
of as the deceased
guidebook to a
happy afterlife).

The study on The

Book of Songs has
been going on from
generation to
generation until
now.

Poetry-earliest
general collection
of ancient Chinese
poems(also called
Three Hundred
Poems) must read
by Confucians

Cataracts
The Nile River has
six primary
cataracts which are
not actually
waterfalls but are
counted as minor
ones.

34.

An ancients
Akkadian speaking
Semitic state

Book of the

Dead

33.

Hammurabi was one

of the most
important
Babylonian rulers
that was responsible
for codification of
the law.

Areas where the

water was too swift
and rocky to allow
boats to pass

Chavin
The capital Chavin
de Huantar is
located at the
mountains at an
intersection of trade
routes.

The first major

civilization in South
America (900-250
B.C.E.)-Capital
Chavin de Huantar
in Peru

Jasmin Sierra
AP World History
1st Period
35.

36.

37.

City-state

Civilization

Sumerians created
small competing
city-states each one
centered in a large
town that governs
the country side
around it.
The characteristic a
society has to have
to be called a
civilization are
organized writing
systems, growth of
cities, complex or
formal
governments.

Confucianis

38.
Cosmopolit
anism

39.
Cultural
Hearths

One early use of

writing in China was
the development of
philosophy and
religion but
Confucianism was
the most famous.

The Late Bronze Age

is characterized by
an early version of
cosmopolitanism.

The Early Aegean

Cultural Hearth is
different from others
because it is
centered on the

Large towns that

governed the
countryside around
them/first to use
these and each had
their own god or
deity

A complex
development
culture usually
associated with
specific
achievements
The system of
ethics, education,
and statesmanship
taught by
Confucius (Kong
Fuzi: 551-479 BC)
and his disciples,
stressing love for
humanity, ancestor
worship, reverence
for parents, and
harmony in thought
and conduct
The shared cultures
and lifestyles that
result when
different groups are
in regular contact
The areas where
civilization first
began to radiate
the ideas,
innovations, and
ideologies that

Jasmin Sierra
AP World History
1st Period
Aegean Sea not on a
river valley.
40.

Cuneiform
Cuneiform writing
was hard to learn
because it involved
many sings so only
specialized scribes
knew it so that
gave them a power
and a higher status.

41.

Once thought the

people spoke a
Dravidian language
similar to the
language spoken in
South India and in
1500 B.C.E.
conquered by the
Aryans

Dynasty
According to a
legend and old
dynasty called the
Xia control mostly
all of the area but
its still not proven.

43.

Meaning "wedge
shaped" - was the
first form of writing
used in
Mesopotamia

Dravidian
The Indian
subcontinent to
speak Dravidian
were Tamil, Telugu,
Kannada,
Malayalam, Brahui
and Tulu which most
live in the southern
of the subcontinent.

42.

culturally
transformed the
world

Family based
kingdom

Dynastic

Cycles

The command of
heaven is a central
belief that guided
China through the
dynastic cycles until
the 20th century.

An important
political theory in
Chinese history
that every dynasty
goes through
culture cycle.

Jasmin Sierra
AP World History
1st Period
44.
Epic of
Gilgamesh

45.

A Mesopotamian
story that tells
about the quest for
immortality and the
of Gilgamesh
inevitability of
death who was an
early ruler a
Sumerian city-state
most likely Uruk

There are no written

records to attest to
the social and
importance of beer
in the Fertile
Crescent during the
new stone age.

An arc of rich
farmland in
Southwest Asia,
between the
Persian Gulf and
the Mediterranean
Sea. (Mesopotamia
to Egypt)
Led the
Babylonians to
conquer
Mesopotamia. He
conquered many
city-states in
southern and
northern
Mesopotamia and
is best known for a
code of laws,
inscribed on a black
stone pillar,
illustrating the
principles to be
used in legal cases
A legal code
developed by King
Hammurabi of
Mesopotamia. It
specified crimes
and punishments to

Fertile

Crescent
46.

The Epic of
Gilgamesh a story
that goes back to
the 7th millennium
and one of the
stories describes the
epic flood, in 10th
century B.C.E.
Hebrew Bible
records the flood
story.

Hammurabi
Hammurabi
collected existing
rules, judgments,
and laws into the
Code of Hammurabi.

47.
'

Hammurabi
s Code

Hammurabis code
lists 282 specific
laws dealing with
everything that
affected the
community,

Jasmin Sierra
AP World History
1st Period

48.

49.

50.

51.

52.

Harappa

including family
relations, business
conduct, and crime.
With the discovery
of Harappa
historians learned
that the cities were
designed differently
from Mesopotamia
and Egypt which
made this
civilization unique.

help judges impose

penalties

Egypt had at least

one female pharaoh,
Hatshepsut who
ruled from 14731458 B.C.E during
the new kingdom.
During the 1700s
BCE Hammurabi led
the Babylonians and
many people
followed including
the Hittites, Aryans
and finally the New
Babylonians.

A last female
pharaoh who ruled
from 1473 to 1458
B.C.E during the
new kingdom

A city in the Indus

civilization that
appeared around
2066 to 1700 BCE
in the western part
of South Asia

Hatshepsut

Hittites

A group of tribes
sharing a common
language and land.
It unified as a
single empire to
become a great
competitor for land
and resources.

Horus
The Horus name of
the king had other
names before one
which was a
Golden Horus.

The sky god (hawk

is the symbol) son
of Osiris and Isis
represented by the
pharaohs

The Hyksos ruled

the native Egyptians
for almost a century
but was defeated by
princes from
Thebes.

A people who came

from the north to
conquer the Nile
River (a people
from modern day
Turkey)

Hyksos

Jasmin Sierra
AP World History
1st Period
53.

Isis
Isis married Osiris
the king of Egypt,
she was a good
queen that taught
the women of Egypt
how to bake, weave
and brew beer.

54.

Labor

System
55.

57.

People who work

under the labor
system were slaves
which made up a
significant portion of
the working
population.

Coordinated efforts
to get work done--

Late Bronze

Age

56.

Goddess of the Nile

and of fertility
(throne) one of the
most important
goddesses of
ancient Egypt

Law Code

Nubia was a richly

endowed with gold,
copper, and
semiprecious stones
so it placed a great
importance part in
the commercial web
of the Late Bronze
Age.
A significant
marker event
occurred under the
Babylonians with
the advent of the
first known written
law code.

1700-1000 BC

A systematic set of
rules administered
by a government

Loess
The rivers absorbed
a yellowish-brown
dust from central
Asia called loess
which is very fertile
and could be worked
with digging sticks.

A thick mantel of
fertile and soft soil- loosely
compacted
yellowish-gray
deposit and
windblown
sediment of which
deposit occur

Jasmin Sierra
AP World History
1st Period
58.

Ma'at

59.
Mandate of
Heaven

60.

61.

62.

ia

Matrilineal

Menes

Mesopotam

The pharaohs were

believed to be
reincarnation of
Horus in this role
they maintained
maat.
An important
marker event or
the mandate of
heaven in Chinese
history occurred
when the Zhou
overthrew the
Shang in the 12th
century.
During the Neolithic
times the female
line of descent was
important in
determining family
power but thus
matrilineal
characteristic
disappeared during
the Shang era.
According to the
Egyptian legend, the
first pharaoh was
Menes although
scholars are not
sure the he actually
existed.
Sumerians migrated
into Mesopotamia
created the first
civilization within
the region that
organized the area
into city-states.

The divinely
controlled order of
the universe
A concept used to
support the rule of
the kings of the
Zhou dynasty and
of the overthrow of
the earlier Shang
dynasty

Family descent and

inheritance traced
through the female
line.

First pharaoh who

supposedly lived
about 3100 B.C.E

Land between the

rivers(4000 BC)The earliest
civilization which
started in
southwest Asia
arose in the alluvial
plain of the Tigris
Euphrates river
valley

Jasmin Sierra
AP World History
1st Period
63.

Minoans
Minoans civilization
capital is located at
the palace complex
of Knossos.

64.

Natives or
inhabitants of Crete
south of the
Aegean Sea
(Named after the
legendary king
Minos)

Monsoon
The monsoon rain
season mostly
begins on June 15
and ends on
September 30.

Are seasonal winds

crossing the Indian
sub-continent and
Southeast Asia and
during the summer
they bring rain

Rains
65.
Mycenaean

66.

Olmec

67.
Oracle
Bones

The Minoan
civilization on the
Island of Crete
controlled most of
the area and was
replaced by the
Mycenaeans but fell
apart about 1200
B.C.E.
The Olmec
civilization was
based on agriculture
but farmer had no
need for extensive
irrigation because
the area received
abundant rainfall.
Rulers and family
patriarchs were
interested in
consulting the
ancestors for
guidance and made
use of oracle bones.

An early group on
the Greek mainland
who came to
dominate the area
by the Late Bronze
Era

Rubber People-

The earliest known

Chinese writing is
found on these
from future telling
of the Shang period

Jasmin Sierra
AP World History
1st Period
68.

Papyrus
Papyrus grew along
the river and was
also expensive and
only used by
advanced students.

69.

70.

Patriarchy

The patriarchy
theory says that
certain rules and
practices of society
have kept women in
a subservient role.

System or
government where
the father or older
man hold the
power

Pharaoh
Aknenaton an
Egyptian pharaoh of
the New Kingdom
that attempted to
establish monolithic
religion replacing
the traditional
Egyptian pantheon
of gods.

71.
Rosetta
Stone

72.

A material prepared
in ancient Egypt
from the pithy stem
od a water plant
used in sheets for
writing or painting

Semitic

Egyptians
hieroglyphics
were decoded
with the very
fortunate of the
Rosetta Stone.
Many early settlers
were members of
the Semitic
language family that
was the precursor to
both modern
Hebrew and Arabid
languages.

Was at the hearth

of the government
who was not
considered to be
just a king but also
a god

A tablet with a
relatively long
script in three
languages: formal
hieroglyphics an
informal Egyptian
writing and Greek
Language family
that was the
precursor (came
before) both
modern Hebrew
and Arabic
languages

Jasmin Sierra
AP World History
1st Period
73.

Shaman

74.
Shang
Dynasty

75.
Social
Mobility

76.

Oracles were
shamans or priest in
Chinese society who
foretold the future
trough interpreting
animal bones
cracked by heat.
The people of Shang
dynasty lived off the
land and as time
passed they settle
permanently on
farms instead of
being nomads.

Social Mobility was

possible because
Egypt relied on large
bureaucracy of
administration and
professional military

The Chinese
dynasty that rose
power due to
bronze metallurgy,
war chariots and a
lot of network of
walled towns who
recognized this
dynasty as the
superior

The ability of
individuals to
change social
status

Sumerians
Sumerians early
history was
characterized by
warfare and
competition for
control of irrigated
lands

77.

Individuals who
claimed the ability
to contact
ancestors

Theocracy

Before Sargons
conquest most of
the city-states were
theocracies or
governed by gods or
priest.

A non-Semitic
group who came
into lower
Mesopotamia about
500 B.C.E/ By 3000
B.C.E. the
Sumerians
subjected many
Semites in the area

A form of
government rule by
divine guidance

Jasmin Sierra
AP World History
1st Period
78.

79.

80.

81.

Tribute

Vassals

Payment usually in
the form of produce

Lords who served

the king and were
bound to him by
personal ties

Xia Dynasty
The Xia dynasty is
thought to have
been founded by Yu
the Great and that
its capital was at
Yang city.

China's first
possibly mythical,
kingdom; ruled by
Yu; no
archaeological sites
yet discovered

Shi transformed into

corps of professional
bureaucrats
because of
knowledge of
writing during the
Zhou dynasty.

A groups from
farther west that
became the
longest-lived of all
Chinese dynasties

In the 2000 B.C

mud-brick ziggurats
were being made in
many Sumerian
cities.

Large multistory
pyramids
constructed by
bricks and
approached by
ramps and stairs

Zhou

Dynasty

82.

Vassals collected
tribute which
supported the
monarch and his
court.
Zhou was originally
a vassal family of
the Shang who
overthrew Shang
and established 2nd
Chinese dynasty.

Ziggurats