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Inequalities
Interval Notation
3.7937
Inequalities
With Inequalities we use:
Like this:
Example: x 20
Says: "x less than or equal to 20"
And means: up to and including 20
Interval Notation
In "Interval Notation" we just write the beginning and ending numbers of the interval, and
use:
Like this:
Number Line
With the Number Line we draw a thick line to show the values we are including, and:
Like this:
Example:
means all the numbers between 0 and 20, do not include 0, but do include 20
From 1
Inequality:
To 2
Including 1
Not Including 1
Not Including 2
Including 2
x1
x>1
x<2
x2
"greater than
or equal to"
"greater than"
"less than"
"less than
or equal to"
[1
(1
2)
2]
Number line:
Interval notation:
Inequality:
x 1 and x < 2
or together: 1
x<2
Number line:
Interval notation:
[1, 2)
More Examples
Example 1: "The Nothing Over $10 Sale"
That means up to and including $10.
And it is fair to say all prices are more than $0.00.
As an inequality we show this as:
0 < Price 10
On the number line it looks like this:
(0, 10]
14 Age < 19
On the number line it looks like this:
[14, 19)
Isn't it funny how we measure age quite differently from anything else? We stay 18 right up
until the moment we are fully 19. We don't we say we are 19 (to the nearest year) from 18
onwards.
Open or Closed
The terms "Open" and "Closed" are sometimes used when the end value is included or not:
(a, b)
a<x<b
an open interval
[a, b)
(a, b]
ax<b
a<xb
[a, b]
axb
a closed interval
These are intervals of finite length. We also have intervals of infinite length.
To Infinity
[3, +)
Note that we use the round bracket with infinity, because we don't reach it!
There are 4 possible "infinite ends":
Interval
(a, +)
[a, +)
(-, a)
(-, a]
Inequality
x>a
xa
x<a
xa
Two Intervals
We can have two (or more) intervals.
Example: x 2 or x >3
On the number line it looks like this:
+)
(-, 2] U (3, +)
We used a "U" to mean Union (the joining together of two sets).
2x>3(
wrong)
The Intersection (or overlap) of those two sets goes from 1 to 6 (not including 1, including
6):
(1, 6]
Conclusion
There are three main ways to show intervals: Inequalities, The Number Line
and Interval Notation.