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PSYCHOLOGY 1100
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Courtney Tiatia
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accumulate hope, yet also know that danger could be present making them well rounded (Berger,
2014).
The second stage of Eriksons psychosocial development is Autonomy vs. Shame and
Doubt. This development takes place during early childhood and is based on children
developing a sense of personal control. The most used example of this stage of development is
the example of toilet training. Erikson believed that when children of this age learn to take
charge of their bodily functions, they are better able to feel like they have control over their life.
Thus, if children in this stage successfully toilet train they will gain a better sense of autonomy
and start to feel a bit of independence; whereas, children who fail at toilet training in this stage of
development can feel inadequate and have self-doubt. Erikson believed if this stage has a
balance of both autonomy and shame and doubt they child can act with intention, within reason
and limits (Cherry, 2015).
The third stage of Eriksons psychosocial development is Initiative vs. Guilt. This
development takes place during preschool aged children. During this stage children start to play
with the idea of power and control over the world. This is when children direct social interactions
during play. When children can successfully come of out this stage with initiative they learn to
feel capable to lead others; whereas those that fail this stage will come out of this part of
development with a sense of guilt resulting is self-doubt and a decreased initiative (Berger,
2014).
The fourth stage of Eriksons psychosocial development is Industry vs. Inferiority. This
development takes place during age 5 to age 11. During this time of development, children start
to develop a sense of pride in them through accomplishments and personal abilities. Children
who come out of this stage successfully feel confident in their skills and being able to complete
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tasks. Children who fail at the stage, usually because they received no encouragement from
parents, teachers, or peers will not feel confident in their skills and will feel doubt when trying to
complete tasks (Berger, 2014).
The fifth stage of Eriksons psychosocial development is Identity vs. Role Confusion.
This stage happens during the age of adolescence through learning of their independence and
developing a greater sense of self. Adolescence who are able to come out of this stage
successfully will have a strong sense of self and feel confident and in control. Adolescence who
fail at this stage will feel unsure about them and will feel insecure and confused. Erikson
believed that if you successfully complete this stage, you will come out with an ability to live by
the worlds standards and expectations (Cherry, 2015).
The sixth stage of Eriksons psychosocial development is Intimacy vs. Isolation. This
stage happens during the age of early adulthood through exploring personal relationships. During
this stage early adults find personal relationships and learn to be committed and feel secure.
When early adults are successful at this stage they learn what love is and are able to have lasting,
meaningful relationships with other people. When early adults do not succeed in this stage, they
are left feeling a sense of loneliness and are not able to have committed relationships resulting in
emotional isolation (Berger, 2014).
The seventh stage of Eriksons psychosocial development is Generativity vs. Stagnation.
This stage happens during the age of adulthood through building lives by focusing on careers and
families. Through this stage adults will feel a sense of worth in the world and feel as though they
are great contributors. If adults can succeed during this stage they will feel overwhelmed with a
caring sensation. They will be proud of their own lives and accomplishments along with
watching their children grow and developing a greater relationship with their spouse and family.
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If adults do not come out of this stage successful they will feel unproductive and uninvolved in
the world, even feeling like they dont contribute to the greater good (Cherry, 2015).
The eighth and final stage of Eriksons psychosocial development is Integrity vs. Despair.
This stage happens during old age through the reflection back on life. Adults in old age who
come out of this stage successfully will have a sense of integrity and be left feeling proud of their
life accomplishments. If adults in old age are not successful in this stage, they will feel bitter and
go into a stage of despair and feel like they didnt accomplish life and feel regret (Berger, 2014).
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therapy, dealt with my bottled emotions, and came out with my identity. Why was I letting these
girls ruin my life by making me scared? I found myself (or my old self) as a very confident
woman that wouldnt let people rule my life by putting me down.
References
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Berger, K. (2014). Invitation to the lifespan (Second Ed.). S.l.: Worth Pub.