Stasis Grid

Author Info

Source Type

Categorical Does X

Definitional

Causal

Evaluation

Action

Up to three names,
write them all; 4+,
write first name et
al. (i.e., Smith et
al.)

(popular, scholarly,
trade, government)

exist?

Is X a Y?

Does X cause Y?
Is Y a result of X?

Is it good or
bad? Fair or
unfair?
Harmful or
beneficial?

What should be done

about X?

1. Mikey
Franklin

popular

No amount of hard
work and perseverance
can pay for that plus
groceries, bills, and
other expenses.

2. Vance Ginn
and Carine
MartinezGouhier

popular

The NACEs Class of

2013 Student Survey
finds that 63 percent of
paid interns receive at
least one job offer with
37 percent of unpaid
interns and 35 percent
of those without an
internship doing the
same.
In our view,
internshipsunpaid or
paidprovide value
that individuals should
have the freedom to
decide which is best for
them.

Average
student debt
is now almost
$30,000, and
low-income
students
usually owe
much more.

Under the
terms of the
Fair Labor
Standards Act,
if an unpaid
intern does
work that
benefits the
company, she
has a right to
be paid.
Employers
offered fulltime positions
to 65 percent of
their interns
and 79 percent
of interns
accepted a fulltime job with
their employer,
according to
the NACE
2014 survey.

Jurisdicti
on
Who is
responsible?

Stasis Grid
3. Andrew
Mark Bennett

Scholarly

Professor Robert
Farley agrees,
contending that the
unpaid internship
effectively excludes a
wide socioeconomic
swath from gaining
useful experience and
making effective
connections.

Not only do
unpaid
interns not
receive any
wages, they
also
have to bear
a number of
costs, further
widening the
divide.

4. Sarah Braun

Scholarly

the most frequently

expressed
sentiment by college
respondents was that
"[a]ll internships, even
those that
are unpaid should not
be restricted."

An
internship is
valuable
because it
provides the
necessary
hands-on
learning
experience
that many
employers
ultimately
require.

Inreality,this
inconsistencyof
experienceinvolving
unpaidintemshipsis
notuncommon.

Another
N.Y.U. student
hoped to work
in animation in
an unpaid
internship at a
Manhattan
childrens film
company.14
Instead the
company
assigned her to
the
facilities
department.
Her duties
included
wiping door
handles daily
to prevent the
spread of
H1N1.

Stasis Grid

5. Robert
Tepper and
Matthew Holt

Scholarly

Student complaints
include: internships
rarely lead to jobs,
training is poor or nonexistent, supervision is
minimal, tasks
are mundane, hours are
often long, and the
work has little
applicability
to professional
pursuits.

in the
absence of
monetary
compensation
, an intern
should
receive
useful
training th at
will supplem
ent formal
education.

Author Info

Source Type

Categorical Does X

Merely
learning
about the
business is
not enough.
Definitional

Up to three names,
write them all; 4+,
write first name et
al. (i.e., Smith et
al.)

(popular, scholarly,
trade, government)

exist?

Is X a Y?

6.
Smith, Sally
Smith, Colin
Caddell,
Martha

Scholarly

Recruiters expect over

a third of graduate roles
to be filled by
graduates who
have already worked
for the organization in
some capacity (151).

Causal

Evaluation

Action

Does X cause Y?
Is Y a result of X?

Is it good or
bad? Fair or
unfair?
Harmful or
beneficial?

What should be done

about X?

However,
there was also
some
endorsement of
a statement that
Being unpaid
for the work I

The structure of
the internship needs
to be clear and well
planned for the
student to feel
he/she is making
the most of the

Jurisdicti
on
Who is
responsible?

Stasis Grid
do does make
me feel less
valued
than if I were
paid (155).
7. Burke,
Debra D.
Carton, Robert

Scholarly

Theinternship
experienceprovides
numerousbenefitsto
businessstudentsin
particular.Forexample,
studentscangaina
realisticviewoftheir
intendedprofession,
engageinrealworld
problemsolving,build
theirprofessional
networking
relationships,andadd
experiencethatis
valued
bypotentialfuture
employerstotheir
resumes(102103).

experience.
Continuous
guidance and
supervision should
be a must (157).
Thus, valid
internships should
preserve the
integrity of the
learning
process by
measuring learning
outcomes,
providing feedback
on those results,
and permitting the
student to digest, or
reflect on the
experience in the
context of the
educational goals
(104).
Recently, the
Obama
administrations
Labor Department
vowed to step
up enforcement
efforts against
employers that
illegally fail to pay
interns, concluding
that there should be
few circumstances
where for-profit

Stasis Grid
companies
can have unpaid
internships and be
in compliance with
federal law (113).
8. Durack,
Katherine T.

Scholarly

Paid interns spend

much of their time
engaged in real work
[that] employers prize,
explained
NACEs executive
director Marilyn
Mackes in a press
release about the study
(250).
While the overall
A major problem with
unpaid internships
originates
from the seismic
employment shifts that
have affected the
country since the start
of the
Great Recession in
2007 and the
corresponding
proliferation in
academic programs and
concomitant
increase in expectations
by prospective
employers that an
internship is
prerequisite to landing

Students who
are required to
complete an
internship to
meet degree
requirements
must have the
financial
resources to
absorb a loss of
income
from accepting
an unpaid
internship, the
cost of tuition
for the required
credits,
and, when
applicable,
costs for
relocation and
room and
board, plus the
costs of
securing the
internship itself
through
auctions or
other third
parties (251).

Provide federal
support for unpaid
public sector and
nonprofit
internships.
Eliminate
exemptions for
non-profits and
government
agencies. Define
intern-learners and
institute an internlearner exemption.
Adapt
interpretationofthe
sixparttesttomeet
contemporary
needs.Increase
academic
involvementwith
studentinternships
(261).

Stasis Grid
that first full-time job.
number of internship
opportunities has
increased tremendously
in the past twenty
years, so has the
number of unpaid
internships (250).
9. Budd, Paul

Scholarly

10. Pisko,
Stephanie A.

Scholarly

Furthermore,
employers
subject to the
FLSA
cannot require
their employees
to work more
than forty
hours a week
unless they pay
their employees
one and onehalf times their
regular pay
rate for every
additional hour
in excess of
forty hours
(455).
While paid internships
lead to greater job
prospects, unpaid
internships have almost
no net economic
benefit (628).
In addition to the lack
of advantage in
obtaining a job, unpaid

Stasis Grid
internships provide no
salary increases to
students after
graduation (629).

11. Fink, Eric

M.

Scholarly

The median starting

salary for interns who
participated in a paid
internship was $51,930
as opposed to $35,721
for students who
participated in unpaid
internships.105 The
median starting salary
for unpaid interns was
in fact less than the
$37,087 paid to
students who
did not intern at all
(629).
Legal ethics rules
require honesty and
transparency with
respect to attorney
fees(454).

Unpaid
internships
for law
students in
private law
firms are
illegal
under the
FLSA and
raise
concerns
under legal
ethics
rules
(456).

Stasis Grid
12. Sportelli,
Natalie

scholarly

13. ODonnell,
Laura E.

scholarly

According to data
from the National
Association of Colleges
and Employers
(NACE), nearly twothirds of graduates from
the class of 2013 had
internship experience
on their resumes when
they entered the real
world. Of the 63.2% of
seniors who had been
hired as undergrads,
47.8% had taken part in
unpaid internships (3).
To avoid liability,
employers can
protect themselves
with a clear
understanding of
what classifies an
employee as a
"trainee," what the
requirements set by
the U.S.
Department of
Labor (DOL) mean
and how to
structure
internships (2).