ECEN 441-504: Electronic Motor

Drive
Lab 2: Operating Characteristics of the
Series-Connected DC Motor

Submitted by:
Kevin Bradshaw - UIN: 122003416
Kenneth McDole - UIN: 92100448
Jonathan Moore - UIN: xxxxxxxxx
Fernando Romo - UIN: 623001710
TA:
Performed: October 22nd, 2015

Due: October 29th, 2015

Procedure
Part 1: Direction of Rotation of a Series-Connected Motor DC Motor
The first part of this lab consisted of building the DC motor depicted in Figure
1. This wiring diagram is known as a series configuration and when enough
terminal voltage is applied, the rotation of the motor (as seen by the drive
end) begins to rotate clockwise. By reversing the series field connections, the
motor rotates counterclockwise. When reversing the armature connections
instead of reversing the series field, the motor also rotates counterclockwise.
If only the polarity of the DC power supply is reversed, the motor rotates
clockwise. These are very important observations because it shows that
since there is only one current direction in the system, changing the series or
armature connections physically changes the flux which corresponds to the
direction of tangential force.
Figure 1: Wiring Diagram of a DC Series Configuration

Part 2:
The second part of this lab consisted of connecting the DC motor with a
series configuration to an electrical load. In order to analyze the speed
versus the torque of this motor, it was initially adjusted to 1000 rpm and
then tested under the respective resistive loads in Table 1. The angular
velocity and the terminal current were recorded for each load. Lastly, the
machine was turned off in order to find the total field resistance (2.8 ) and
the armature resistance (4.4 ).

Discussion
1) In terms of the armature and field winding polarities, what is the
single condition that has to be met for the DC motor to rotate
counterclockwise, and why? (Refer
to Part I)
In order for the DC motor to rotate counterclockwise, the polarities of the
field and armature must be different. When the polarities are different the
flux in the rotor and stator will try to align in a different direction. (In this
case counterclockwise.)
2) In terms of the armature and field winding polarities, what is the
single condition
that has to be met for the DC motor to rotate clockwise, and why?
(Refer to Part I)
In order for the DC motor to rotate counterclockwise, the polarities of the
field and armature must be the same. When the polarities are the same, the
flux from the rotor will try to align with the field. The attractive poles of the
stator will reverse their sequence as opposed to the counterclockwise case.
3) For each of the speeds obtained in Part II (Table 1), calculate the
values of the
back EMF, K, torque and efficiency. Present your results in a table.
Also, calculate the value of the constant kLF (see background).
Applicable Equations:
EA = K
T = KIA
K=kLFIF
PO = T
= ( Pout / Pin ) * 100%
Table 1: DC Motor Loaded Operational Characteristics
R ()
n (rpm)
It (A)
No Load
1004
1.06
600
881
1.19
300
806
1.28

200
150
120
100
85.7

n (rpm)
1004
881
806
750
707
678
655
634

750
707
678
655
634

1.35
1.41
1.46
1.49
1.53

Table 2: Calculation Results

Ea (V)
K
T (Nm)
25.568
0.243
0.258
24.632
0.267
0.318
23.984
0.284
0.364
23.480
0.299
0.404
23.048
0.311
0.439
22.688
0.320
0.467
22.472
0.328
0.488
22.184
0.334
0.511

Efficiency
77.01%
74.19%
72.24%
70.72%
69.42%
68.34%
67.69%
66.82%

4) Plot speed (rpm) vs. torque (Nm). What happens to the speed as
the torque increases? Why?
The graph below shows that as the speed decreases, the torque
increases. This inverse relationship creates a tradeoff between how fast a
motor runs and how much torque it delivers. They have an inverse
relationship that can be seen by the power relationship:
Power = Torque * Angular Velocity
Since there is no such thing as infinite power, the torque and angular velocity
must balance each other to acquire maximum power output.
Figure 2: Speed Vs. Torque Graph

5) Plot the electrical losses (W) vs. torque (Nm). What happens to
the electrical losses as the torque increases? Why?
The graph below shows that as the torque increases, the power loss
increases too. In order to increase torque, the current through the armature
is being increased and since the drop between the DC supply must equal the
armature voltage plus the gap voltage, theres power loss in the system.
Hence, the higher the current, the higher the torque and power loss.
Figure 3: Power Loss Vs. Torque Graph