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Prepared by:
SHAHID HUSSAIN
STAFF TRAINEE (UREA)
WHAT IS GASKETS
INTRODUCTION
GASKET ARE USED TO CREATE A STATIC SEAL B/W
TWO STATIONARY MEMBERS OF A MECHANICAL
ASSEMBLY AND TO MAINTAIN THAT SEAL UNDER
OPERATING CONDITIONS WHICH MAY VARY
DEPENDENT UPON CHANGES IN PRESSURE AND
TEMPERATURES .
A : BOLT LOAD
IT IS THE ASSEMBLY LOAD
WHICH PRODUCED BY THE
BOLTS OR CLAMPS AND IS
TRANSMITTED AS A COMRESSIVE
STRESS ON THE GASKET .THIS
FORCE FLOWS THE GASKET
MATERIAL IN TO SURFACE
IMPERFECTION TO FORM A SEAL.
B : INTERNAL PRESSURE
INTERNAL PRESSURE IS THE
FORCE CONTINUALLY ACTING ON
THE PORTION OF GASKET
EXPOSED TO INTERNAL PRESSURE
, WHICH TENDS TO BLOW OUT
THE GASKETS FROM THE JOINT.
C : HYDROSTATIC END FORCE
HYDROSTATIC END FORCE IS
PRODUCED BY INTERNAL PRESSURE
AND TENDS TO SEPARATE FLANGES
WHEN THE SYSTEM IS PRESSURIZED.
BOLT LOAD
GASKET
OTHER FACTORS
TEMPERATURE & PRESSURE
THERE ARE OTHER SHOCK FORCES
WHICH ARE CREATED DUE TO
TEMPRATURE AND SUDDEN CHANGE IN
TEMPRATURE AND PRESSURE RESULTING
A THERMO-MECHANICAL EFFECT
EXPANDING OR CONTRACTING THE
MATERIAL.
MEDIUM
GENERAL CONDITIONS
TYPES OF FLANGES , FLANGE SURFACE
FINISH
BOLT MATERIAL
TYPES OF GASKETS
GRAPHITE
ADVANTAGES OF ASBESTOS
APPLICATIONS
DEPENDING OF COMPOUNDING
AGENTS MAY BE USED FOR
SUPER HEATED AND SATURATED
STEAM ,
AIR , GAS , ALKALIES SOLUTION ,
WEEK ACIDS AMMONIA , BRINE ,
OIL , CHEMICAL SOLUTION AND
PETROLEUM DISTILLATE
TYPE
DISCRIPTION
COLOUR
Klingerit3A
AsbestosFiber+SBR
Red/Brown
Steam+CompressedAir+
Gases
T550C
P130Bar
AsbestosFiber+NBR
Blue
OilService
T550c
Klingerit3A
universal
SERVICE
RATING
P140Bar
KlingeritOilit3A
AsbestosFiber+NBR
Black
Oil&petrochemical+
Refregrents
T500C
P130Bar
KlingerWB1
AsbestosFiber+SBR
Yellow
AutomotiveIndustry
KlingerMark100
Asbestosfiber+SBR
Grey
Oil&PetrollingIndustry
T510C
Klinger61B
AsbestosFiber+SBR
Grey
UseforGeneralpurpose
T350C
P35Bar
KlingeritAcidic
Asbestos+specialBinder
white
AcidicserviceCeramic&Glass
flanges
T450c
P20Bar
KlingeritDG1
Asbestos+specialcrbinder
Red/brown
fluidoils&petrolling&
Aerospace
T550c
P125Bar
KlingersilC4400
AsbestosFiber+Natural
rubber
Green
GeneralPurpose
T400c
P100Bar
T350C
METAL
GASKETS
TYPES
OF
METAL
GASKET
TYPES
OF
METAL
TYPES OF METALGASKET
GASKET
TYPES OF METAL GASKET
Delta ring-joint
octagonal ring-joint
Round ringjoint
Weld ring
CAN BE USED FOR HIGH PRESSURE & HIGH TEMPRETURE & CORROSIVE SERVICE
DUE TO LINE CONTACT FOR SEALING A SMALL BOLT LOAD IS REQUIRED BECAUSE
SEALING AREA IS VERY SMALL .REMEMBER SEALING PRESSURE IS VERY HIGH
BRIDGEMAN GASKETS
THE BRIDGEMAN GASKET IS A PRESSURE ACTIVATED
GASKET FOR USE ON
PRESSURE VESSEL HEADS
VALVE BONNETS
FOR PRESSURE OF 1500 PSI.
AND ABOVE.
CROSS SECTION OF THE GASKETS IS SUCH THAT
INTERNAL PRESSURE FORCES IT
AGAINST THE CONTAINING SUFACE
MAKING A SELF ENERGIZED SEAL.
THESE ARE FREQUENTLY SILVER OR
LEAD PLATED TO PROVIDE SOFTER
SURFACE WHICH MINIMIZE THE
REQUIRED FORCE TO FLOW GASKET
METAL INTO FLANGE SURFACE.
gaskets
OR
HEAT EXCHANGER GASKETS
TYPES OF JACKETED
GASKETS
DOUBLE JACKETED
GASKETS
DOUBLE JACKETED
CORRUGATED GASKET
NUBBIN
DOUBLE JACKETD
CORRUGATED GASKETS
Double Jacketed Corrugated Gaskets- IT IS AN
IMPROVEMENT ON A PLAIN JACKETED
GASKET.CORRUGATION ON THE GASKETS WILL
PROVIDE AN ADDITIONAL LABYRINTH SEAL
RESULTING REDUCING THE CONTACT AREA AN
ENHANCING ITS COMPRESSIVE
CHARACTERISTICS.DOUBLE CORRUGATED
JACKETED GASKETS PRIMARY SEAL STILL
RELIES ON THE INNER LAP. LIGHTINGS
( CEMENT + LUBRICANT ) MAY BE USED WHICH
WILL ASSIST IN FOLLOWING THE METAL FOR
SEALING PURPOSE.
SPIRAL WOUND
GASKETS
OR
SEMI METTALLIC
GASKETS
FILLER MATERIAL
FILLER MATERIAL CAN BE CHANGED ACCORDING
TO TEMPERATURE , PRESSURE, COMPRESSIVE FORCE
ASBESTOS FILLER
CERAMIC
1300 F
- 350 TO 2000 F
FLEXIBLE GRAPHITE
- 350 TO 950
MICA GRAPHITE
- 350 TO 550
SOLID TEFLON
-32 TO 500 F
TEFLOM IMPREGNATED
GRAFOIL
600 F
FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE
VARIABLE DENSITY
SPW GASKETS ARE MANUFACTURED BY
ALTERNATELY WINDING STRIPS OF METAL AND SOFT
FILLER OF TON OUTER EDGE OF WINDING MANDERALS
THAT DETERMINED THE DIMENTION OF WOUND
COMPONENT
DURING THE WINDING PROCESS ALTERNATE PILES ARE
MAINTAINED UNDER PRESSURE. DENSITY OF THE GASKETS
CAN BE CONTROLLED OVER A WIDE RANGE BY VARYING
PRESSURE DURING WINDING OPERATION OR CHANGING
THE THICKNESS OF SOFT FILLER.
LOW WINDING PRESSURE AND THIK SOFT FILLER ARE
USED FOR LOW PRESSURE APPLICATIONS.
THIN FILLER AND HIGH PRESSURE LOADS ARE USED FOR
HIGH PRESSURE APPLICATION.
HIGH DENSITY GASKETS WILL REQUIRE HIGHER BOLT LOAD
TO FLOW THE MATERIAL INTO IMPERFECTIONS.
SPW WITH
INNER RING
SPW WITH
OUTER RING
SPW WITH
SPW WITHOUT
INNER & OUTER INNER & OUTER
RING
RING
ADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES
METAL RINGS PERFORM THE FOLLOWING IMPORTANT FUNCTIONS
THESE GASKETS HAVE METAL RING ON INSIDE & OUTSIDE OF THE SPIRALS
WITH THICKNESS LESS THAN SPIRALS. IT HAS THE COMBINED ADVANTAGES
OF SPW GASKETS WITH INNER RING AND SPW WITH OUTER RING
IT PROVIDES A BARRIER OF HEAT AND CORROSION AND PREVENT
FLANGE FACE FOR CORROSION.IT GIVES ADDITIONAL COMPRESSION STOP
STANDARD GASKETS THICKNESS IS 3/16 AND AND 1/8 ARE ALSO AVAILABLE
SPW WITHOUT
INNER & OUTER RING
THANKS