Calculus Cheat Sheet

Standard Integration Techniques

Note that at many schools all but the Substitution Rule tend to be taught in a Calculus II class.
( )
a f ( g ( x ) ) g ( x ) dx = g (a ) f ( u ) du
b

u Substitution : The substitution u = g ( x ) will convert

g b

using

du = g ( x ) dx . For indefinite integrals drop the limits of integration.

Ex.

1 5x

cos ( x3 ) dx

1 5x

cos ( x3 ) dx =

u = x 3 du = 3x 2 dx x 2 dx = 13 du

5
cos
1 3
8

= 53 sin ( u ) 1 =

x = 1 u = 1 = 1 :: x = 2 u = 2 = 8
3

Integration by Parts : u dv = uv - v du and

a u dv = uv

b
a

5
3

( u ) du

( sin (8) - sin (1) )

- v du . Choose u and dv from

a

integral and compute du by differentiating u and compute v using v = dv .

Ex.

xe

u=x

xe

-x

-x

dx

Ex.

dv = e- x

du = dx v = -e - x

dx = - xe + e dx = - xe - e
-x

-x

-x

-x

+c

3 ln x dx

u = ln x
5

dv = dx du = 1x dx v = x

ln x dx = x ln x 3 - dx = ( x ln ( x ) - x )
5

= 5ln ( 5) - 3ln ( 3) - 2
Products and (some) Quotients of Trig Functions
For sin n x cos m x dx we have the following :
For tan n x sec m x dx we have the following :
1. n odd. Strip 1 sine out and convert rest to
1.
2
2
cosines using sin x = 1 - cos x , then use
the substitution u = cos x .
2. m odd. Strip 1 cosine out and convert rest
2.
to sines using cos 2 x = 1 - sin 2 x , then use
the substitution u = sin x .
3. n and m both odd. Use either 1. or 2.
4. n and m both even. Use double angle
3.
and/or half angle formulas to reduce the
4.
integral into a form that can be integrated.
Trig Formulas : sin ( 2 x ) = 2sin ( x ) cos ( x ) , cos 2 ( x ) =

Ex. tan 3 x sec5 x dx

tan

sin5 x

cos x dx
(sin x ) sin x
sin x
sin x sin x
cos x dx = cos x dx = cos x dx
(1- cos x ) sin x
=
dx
( u = cos x )
cos x
= - (1-u ) du = - 1-2u +u du
u
u

Ex.

x sec5 xdx = tan 2 x sec 4 x tan x sec xdx

= ( sec2 x - 1) sec 4 x tan x sec xdx
= ( u 2 - 1) u 4 du

n odd. Strip 1 tangent and 1 secant out and

convert the rest to secants using
tan 2 x = sec 2 x - 1 , then use the substitution
u = sec x .
m even. Strip 2 secants out and convert rest
to tangents using sec2 x = 1 + tan 2 x , then
use the substitution u = tan x .
n odd and m even. Use either 1. or 2.
n even and m odd. Each integral will be
dealt with differently.
2
1
1
2 (1 + cos ( 2 x ) ) , sin ( x ) = 2 (1 - cos ( 2 x ) )

( u = sec x )

= 17 sec7 x - 15 sec5 x + c

Visit http://tutorial.math.lamar.edu for a complete set of Calculus notes.

2 2

= 12 sec2 x + 2 ln cos x - 12 cos 2 x + c

2005 Paul Dawkins