Lion DVD

AFA II + III

CHAPTER: Anti-friction Bearing

Anti-Friction
Bearings
Service Training Malaga

Lion DVD

AFA II + III

In This Presentation
Nomenclature
Function
Loads
Manufacture
Installation
Normal Wear
Problems
Service Training Malaga

Lion DVD

AFA II + III

Category / Types
Ball

Radial Contact
Angular Contact

Roller

Cylindrical
Tapered
Spherical
Thrust

Service Training Malaga

Lion DVD

Nomenclature
Outer ring (race)
Outer ring raceway
Cage
Balls
Inner ring raceway

Service Training Malaga

AFA II + III

Ball Bearing

Outer ring O.D

Ring faces
Inner ring (race)
Inner ring I.D

Lion DVD

Nomenclature

AFA II + III

Cylindrical Roller Bearing

Outer ring O.D

Outer ring (race)
Outer ring raceway
Cage
Rollers
Inner ring raceway

Service Training Malaga

Ring faces
Ribs
Inner ring (race)
Inner ring I.D

Lion DVD

AFA II + III

Nomenclature

Tapered Roller Bearing

Cup O.D surface
Front face of cup

Cup (outer ring or race)

Cup Raceway
Back face of cup
Cage
Front face of cone
Rib, front face of cone

Cone raceway
Rib, back face of cone
Back face of cone
Cone (inner ring or race)
Cone I.D or bore surface

Service Training Malaga

Lion DVD

AFA II + III

Bearing Function
Support & Maintain Alignment
Carry Radial &/or Thrust Loads

Service Training Malaga

Lion DVD

AFA II + III

Loads
Radial Load

Thrust Load

Service Training Malaga

Lion DVD

Loads

AFA II + III

Single row radial contact bearing

Support Radial and

limited thrust loads

Service Training Malaga

Lion DVD

Loads

Service Training Malaga

AFA II + III

Single/ Double row angular contact bearing

10

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Loads

Service Training Malaga

AFA II + III

Split race bearing

11

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Loads

AFA II + III

Cylindrical roller bearing

High radial loads

Service Training Malaga

12

Lion DVD

AFA II + III

Loads

Needle Bearing

Length to width ratio 4:1

Radial Loads

Service Training Malaga

13

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Loads

Service Training Malaga

AFA II + III

Drawn cup bearing

14

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Loads

AFA II + III

Tapered Roller Bearing

Carry both radial

and thrust loads

Service Training Malaga

15

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AFA II + III

Loads

Double row tapered Roller Bearing

Supports thrust loads

from both sides

Service Training Malaga

16

Lion DVD

Loads

AFA II + III

Spherical Roller bearing

Thrust loads
Radial loads

Service Training Malaga

17

Lion DVD

Loads

AFA II + III

Thrust Bearing

Thrust loads

Service Training Malaga

18

Lion DVD

Loads

AFA II + III

Cage

Keep rollers evenly spaced

and distributes loads even

Service Training Malaga

19

Lion DVD

Loads

Service Training Malaga

AFA II + III

High Stress Areas

20

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Loads

Service Training Malaga

AFA II + III

High Stress Areas

21

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AFA II + III

Manufacture

Material

Alloy Steel
Vacuum Melted
Degassed

Service Training Malaga

22

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AFA II + III

Manufacture

Races

From tube stock (small bearings)

Forged (large bearing)

Service Training Malaga

23

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AFA II + III

Manufacture

Hardening

Cylindrical and tapered

are case hardened RC 58

Service Training Malaga

24

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Manufacture

AFA II + III

Rollers

Rollers are forged

(cold headed)

Service Training Malaga

25

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AFA II + III

Manufacture

Rollers

Hardened to RC 60 and
ground to final dimension

Service Training Malaga

26

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AFA II + III

Manufacture

Hardening

Ball and spherical roller

bearings are through
hardened

Service Training Malaga

27

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AFA II + III

Removal & Installation

Use Cat Bearings
Use Proper Tools & Procedure
Clean Shaft & Housing Bores
Check Shaft & Housing Fit
Check Alignment
Adjustments
Service Training Malaga

28

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AFA II + III

Anti-Friction Bearings

Special
Vs.
Standard
Service Training Malaga

29

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AFA II + III

Video Time

Service Training Malaga

30

Lion DVD

Installation

Service Training Malaga

AFA II + III

Dirt/Debris

31

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AFA II + III

Installation/Removal

Tooling

Installation

Service Training Malaga

32

Lion DVD

AFA II + III

Installation/Removal

Tooling

Removal

Service Training Malaga

33

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AFA II + III

Installation/Removal

Service Training Malaga

Tooling

34

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AFA II + III

Installation/Removal

Heating

Oil Bath

Service Training Malaga

35

Lion DVD

AFA II + III

Installation/Removal

Service Training Malaga

Induction Heating

36

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AFA II + III

Installation/Removal

Service Training Malaga

Heating

37

Lion DVD

AFA II + III

Installation/Removal

Service Training Malaga

Freezing

38

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Installation

Service Training Malaga

AFA II + III

Alignment

39

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AFA II + III

Fit
Too Tight
Too Loose - Creep
Miss machined
- Misaligned
- Out of Round

Service Training Malaga

40

Lion DVD

AFA II + III

Taper Roller Bearing Adjustment

End play
Service Training Malaga

Preload
41

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AFA II + III

Taper Roller Bearing Adjustment

Rotate while checking End Play
Follow Service Manual

Service Training Malaga

42

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AFA II + III

Lubricant
Correct Quantity.
Correct Quality
Correct Viscosity
Correct Type
Check Operating & Maintenance Guide

Service Training Malaga

43

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AFA II + III

Normal Wear
Bearing speed is the main factor
determining oil film thickness

Service Training Malaga

44

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AFA II + III

Normal Wear
Slow Speed

Service Training Malaga

45

Lion DVD

Normal Wear

AFA II + III

Ball Bearing

Radial Load
Inner Ring Rotating
Outer Ring Stationary

Service Training Malaga

46

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Normal Wear

AFA II + III

Ball Bearing

Radial Load
Outer Ring Rotating
Inner Ring Stationary

Service Training Malaga

47

Lion DVD

Normal Wear

AFA II + III

Ball Bearing

Thrust Load

Service Training Malaga

48

Lion DVD

Normal Wear

AFA II + III

Ball Bearing

Both Radial &

Thrust Load

Service Training Malaga

49

Lion DVD

Normal Wear

AFA II + III

Cylindrical Roller Bearing

Radial Load
Inner Ring Rotating
Outer Ring Stationary

Service Training Malaga

50

Lion DVD

Normal Wear

AFA II + III

Cylindrical Roller Bearing

Ribs and roller ends have little if any

wear, unless subject for thrust loads

Service Training Malaga

51

Lion DVD

Normal Wear

AFA II + III

Taper Roller Bearing

Light Preload or Thrust

Cone Rotating
Cup Stationary

Service Training Malaga

52

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Normal Wear

AFA II + III

Taper Roller Bearing

Heavy Preload or Thrust

Service Training Malaga

53

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AFA II + III

Normal Wear

Taper Roller Bearing

Some wear on rib and

roller end is normal

Service Training Malaga

54

Lion DVD

Normal Wear

AFA II + III

Race

Grinding Marks

Service Training Malaga

55

Lion DVD

Normal Wear

AFA II + III

Crowned Rollers

Crown Wear

Service Training Malaga

56

Lion DVD

Normal Wear

Service Training Malaga

AFA II + III

Crowned Rollers

57

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AFA II + III

Normal Wear

Back of Race

Free from fretting corrosion

and polishing

Service Training Malaga

58

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AFA II + III

Normal Wear

Faces

Light stain from the edge

of a housing

Service Training Malaga

59

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AFA II + III

Damage Due to Abnormal Conditions

Contact Stress fatigue

Plastic Yielding
Adhesive Wear
Abrasive Wear
Corrosion
Fretting Corrosion & Creep
Electrical Pitting & Fluting
Handling & Installation Damage
Fractures
Service Training Malaga

60

Lion DVD

Problems

AFA II + III

Key Points

Overload / Heat / Wear

Spalling / Plastic Yielding
Initial & Secondary Damage
Investigate in Early Stage
Consider All facts & Conditions

Service Training Malaga

61

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AFA II + III

Problems
Investigate as soon as
indication of problem occur

Service Training Malaga

62

Lion DVD

Problems

Service Training Malaga

AFA II + III

Rolling Contact Stress Fatigue

63

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Problems

AFA II + III

Rolling Contact Stress Fatigue

Excessive Applied Load

Adjustment Too Tight
Adjustment Too Loose
Shaft Too Big or Housing Too Small
Out of Round
Tapered Shaft or Bore
Misalignment
Low Viscosity Lube (Heat)
Service Training Malaga

64

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Problems

AFA II + III

Taper Roller Bearing Too Lose

Road Signs
Spalling / Wear on small part of Stationary Race way
Rollers & Raceway Unevenly Spalled / Worn
Hour Glass & Lipping wear on Cage Windows

Service Training Malaga

65

Lion DVD

AFA II + III

Problems

Taper Roller Bearing Too Lose

Service Training Malaga

66

Lion DVD

AFA II + III

Problems

Taper Roller Bearing Too Lose

Wear on end of Roller

Hour Glass & Lipping

Service Training Malaga

67

Lion DVD

Problems

AFA II + III

Taper Roller Bearing Too Tight

Road Signs
Spalling / Wear on Large portion of Stationary Race way
Rollers & Raceway Evenly Spalled / Worn

Service Training Malaga

68

Lion DVD

AFA II + III

Problems

Taper Roller Bearing Too Tight

Service Training Malaga

69

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Problems

AFA II + III

Taper Roller Bearing Too Tight

Even Wear
Hourglass

Service Training Malaga

70

Lion DVD

Problems

AFA II + III

Shaft Too Big or Housing Too Small

Road Signs
Spalling / Wear Around Complete Circumference
of Both Races
Rollers and Raceways Evenly Spalled / Worn
Similar to road-signs for to tight adjusted bearing

Service Training Malaga

71

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Problems

AFA II + III

Out of Round

Road Signs
Two or More Spalled /
Worn Load Zones

Service Training Malaga

72

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Problems

Service Training Malaga

AFA II + III

Tapered Shafts or Housing Bores

73

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Problems

Service Training Malaga

AFA II + III

Misalignment

74

Lion DVD

Problems

AFA II + III

Low Viscosity Oil

Spall pattern across

the raceway

Service Training Malaga

75

Lion DVD

AFA II + III

Damage Due to Abnormal Conditions

Contact Stress fatigue

Plastic Yielding
Adhesive Wear
Abrasive Wear
Corrosion
Fretting Corrosion & Creep
Electrical Pitting & Fluting
Handling & Installation Damage
Fractures
Service Training Malaga

76

Lion DVD

AFA II + III

Problems

Plastic Yielding

Material softened from

high temperature

Service Training Malaga

77

Lion DVD

Problems

AFA II + III

Plastic Yielding

Discoloration and
Plastic Deformation

Service Training Malaga

78

Lion DVD

AFA II + III

Problems

Plastic Yielding

Service Training Malaga

79

Lion DVD

Problems

AFA II + III

Plastic Yielding

Hot, dry Look

(no cooked-on oil)

Service Training Malaga

80

Lion DVD

AFA II + III

Problems

Plastic Yielding

Look at other Parts for

evidence of heat

Service Training Malaga

81

Lion DVD

Problems

AFA II + III

Cleaning overheated Bearings

Oxide or Lacquer?
Wash the Bearing with soft
brush in clean solvent
Rub lightly with crocus cloth
If discolor disappear it is lacquer

Service Training Malaga

82

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Problems

AFA II + III

Plastic Yielding

Hot, Dry Look

Much Plastic Yielding

Service Training Malaga

83

Lion DVD

Problems

AFA II + III

Plastic Yielding

Other Bearing
Discolored

Service Training Malaga

84

Lion DVD

Problems

AFA II + III

Plastic Yielding

Rollers Discolored

Service Training Malaga

85

Lion DVD

Problems

AFA II + III

Other Factors - Plastic Yielding

Viscosity
High Operating Temperature
High Loads
- Applied
- Misalignment
- Misadjustment

Rough Surface Finish

Service Training Malaga

86

Lion DVD

AFA II + III

Problems

Plastic Yielding

Much Asperity Contact

Service Training Malaga

87

Lion DVD

Problems

AFA II + III

Plastic Yielding

Lipping of Cage
window

Service Training Malaga

88

Lion DVD

Problems

AFA II + III

Plastic Yielding

Glazed Rollers with

frostedpits

Service Training Malaga

89

Lion DVD

AFA II + III

Problems

Plastic Yielding

Result of Broken Cage

Service Training Malaga

90

Lion DVD

AFA II + III

Problems

Plastic Yielding

Oil was present but heat to

great for the oil to handle

Service Training Malaga

91

Lion DVD

Problems

AFA II + III

Possible causes to Plastic Yielding with oil

Marginal Quantity
Viscosity Too Low
- Wrong Oil or Grease
- High Operating Temperature

High Loads
- Applied Load
- Misalignment
- Misadjustment
- Incorrect Dimensional Fit
- Surface Finish

Service Training Malaga

92

Lion DVD

AFA II + III

Problems

Brinelling

Dents with roller spacing

Grinding marks in dent

Service Training Malaga

93

Lion DVD

Problems

Service Training Malaga

AFA II + III

Brinelling

94

Lion DVD

Problems

AFA II + III

Large Particles in Lubricant

Bruising
Can cause lock-up

Service Training Malaga

95

Lion DVD

AFA II + III

Problems

Large Particles in Lubricant

Bruising can Lead to Spalling

Service Training Malaga

96

Lion DVD

AFA II + III

Damage Due to Abnormal Conditions

Contact Stress fatigue

Plastic Yielding
Adhesive Wear
Abrasive Wear
Corrosion
Fretting Corrosion & Creep
Electrical Pitting & Fluting
Handling & Installation Damage
Fractures
Service Training Malaga

97

Lion DVD

Problems

AFA II + III

Adhesive Wear

With Oil

Service Training Malaga

98

Lion DVD

AFA II + III

Damage Due to Abnormal Conditions

Contact Stress fatigue

Plastic Yielding
Adhesive Wear
Abrasive Wear
Corrosion
Fretting Corrosion & Creep
Electrical Pitting & Fluting
Handling & Installation Damage
Fractures
Service Training Malaga

99

Lion DVD

AFA II + III

Problems

Abrasive Wear

Service Training Malaga

100

Lion DVD

AFA II + III

Extensive Contamination

Lock Up
Balls or Roller Slide
Races Fret or Creep
Wear / Increased End Play
Pitting
Fatigue Cracking and Spalling

Service Training Malaga

101

Lion DVD

AFA II + III

Look at Other Parts

If abrasives cause bearings to progress
to adhesive wear or spalling, it will be
difficult to determine the root cause from
looking at only the failed bearing.
Look then at other parts lubricated with
the same oil this will generally give
evidence of system contamination
Service Training Malaga

102

Lion DVD

AFA II + III

Determine the Source

Identify Particles
Built in Dirt or Debris
Cracked Housings
Failed Seals
Not Cleaned Grease Fittings
Contaminated Grease/Oil

Service Training Malaga

103

Lion DVD

AFA II + III

Damage Due to Abnormal Conditions

Contact Stress fatigue

Plastic Yielding
Adhesive Wear
Abrasive Wear
Corrosion
Fretting Corrosion & Creep
Electrical Pitting & Fluting
Handling & Installation Damage
Fractures
Service Training Malaga

104

Lion DVD

AFA II + III

Problems

Corrosion

Service Training Malaga

105

Lion DVD

Problems

AFA II + III

Corrosion

Static Corrosion or
Black Acid Etching

Service Training Malaga

106

Lion DVD

AFA II + III

Problems

Corrosion

Service Training Malaga

107

Lion DVD

AFA II + III

Damage Due to Abnormal Conditions

Contact Stress fatigue

Plastic Yielding
Adhesive Wear
Abrasive Wear
Corrosion
Fretting Corrosion & Creep
Electrical Pitting & Fluting
Handling & Installation Damage
Fractures
Service Training Malaga

108

Lion DVD

AFA II + III

Problems

Fretting Corrosion

Service Training Malaga

109

Lion DVD

AFA II + III

Problems

Creep

Service Training Malaga

110

Lion DVD

AFA II + III

Problems

Creep

Service Training Malaga

111

Lion DVD

AFA II + III

Possible causes to Creep

Shaft Too Small

Housing Too Large
Rolling Elements Stop Turning

Service Training Malaga

112

Lion DVD

AFA II + III

Problems

False Brinelling

Service Training Malaga

113

Lion DVD

AFA II + III

Problems

False Brinelling

Service Training Malaga

114

Lion DVD

AFA II + III

Damage Due to Abnormal Conditions

Contact Stress fatigue

Plastic Yielding
Adhesive Wear
Abrasive Wear
Corrosion
Fretting Corrosion & Creep
Electrical Pitting & Fluting
Handling & Installation Damage
Fractures
Service Training Malaga

115

Lion DVD

Problems

AFA II + III

Electrical pitting and fluting

High Current - Not Rotating

Low Current - Rotating

Service Training Malaga

116

Lion DVD

AFA II + III

Problems

Electrical pitting and fluting

High Current due to welding

Service Training Malaga

117

Lion DVD

AFA II + III

Problems

Electrical pitting and fluting

Low current under long time

Service Training Malaga

118

Lion DVD

AFA II + III

Problems

Electrical pitting and fluting

Service Training Malaga

119

Lion DVD

AFA II + III

Damage Due to Abnormal Conditions

Contact Stress fatigue

Plastic Yielding
Adhesive Wear
Abrasive Wear
Corrosion
Fretting Corrosion & Creep
Electrical Pitting & Fluting
Handling & Installation Damage
Fractures
Service Training Malaga

120

Lion DVD

AFA II + III

Problems

Installation Damage

Service Training Malaga

121

Lion DVD

AFA II + III

Problems

Installation Damage

Service Training Malaga

122

Lion DVD

AFA II + III

Problems

Handling Problems

Service Training Malaga

123

Lion DVD

Problems

AFA II + III

Installation Damage

Bearing pressed in through rolling elements

Service Training Malaga

124

Lion DVD

Problems

AFA II + III

Installation Damage

Improper Tooling

Service Training Malaga

125

Lion DVD

AFA II + III

Problems

Installation Damage

Service Training Malaga

126

Lion DVD

AFA II + III

Problems

Installation Damage

Service Training Malaga

127

Lion DVD

Problems

AFA II + III

Installation Damage

High Spots

Service Training Malaga

128

Lion DVD

AFA II + III

Problems

Installation Damage

Missalignement during assembly

Service Training Malaga

129

Lion DVD

AFA II + III

Problems

Installation Damage

Service Training Malaga

130

Lion DVD

AFA II + III

Problems

Installation Damage

Service Training Malaga

131

Lion DVD

AFA II + III

Problems

Installation Damage

Service Training Malaga

132

Lion DVD

AFA II + III

Problems

Installation Damage

Service Training Malaga

133

Lion DVD

Problems

AFA II + III

Removal Damage

Key way

Service Training Malaga

134

Lion DVD

Problems

Service Training Malaga

AFA II + III

Removal Damage

135

Lion DVD

Problems

Service Training Malaga

AFA II + III

Removal Damage

136

Lion DVD

AFA II + III

Damage Due to Abnormal Conditions

Contact Stress fatigue

Plastic Yielding
Adhesive Wear
Abrasive Wear
Corrosion
Fretting Corrosion & Creep
Electrical Pitting & Fluting
Handling & Installation Damage
Fractures
Service Training Malaga

137

Lion DVD

AFA II + III

Problems

Fractures

Gear show severe misalignement

Service Training Malaga

139

Lion DVD

AFA II + III

Problems

Fractures

Service Training Malaga

140

Lion DVD

Problems

AFA II + III

Fractures

Rib is damaged

Service Training Malaga

141

Lion DVD

Problems

AFA II + III

Fractures

Roller split in half

Service Training Malaga

142

Lion DVD

AFA II + III

Problems

Fractures

Ductile frecture in soft core

Brittle fracture in harder case

Service Training Malaga

143

Lion DVD

AFA II + III

Problems

Fractures

Roller end spalled indicating

misalignement

Service Training Malaga

144

Lion DVD

AFA II + III

Problems

Fractures

Service Training Malaga

145

Lion DVD

AFA II + III

Problems

Fractures

Cracked bearing support

Service Training Malaga

146

Lion DVD

AFA II + III

Problems

Fractures

Service Training Malaga

147

Lion DVD

AFA II + III

Antifriction Bearing Problems

Material
Forming
Machining
Heat Treat
Grinding
Assembly

Service Training Malaga

148

Lion DVD

AFA II + III

Problems

Materials

Service Training Malaga

149

Lion DVD

AFA II + III

Problems

Materials

Service Training Malaga

150

Lion DVD

AFA II + III

Problems

Materials

Service Training Malaga

151