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ISBN 978-5-7422-2982-7

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, ........................................................................ 5
............................................................................................................................... 6
1. ...................................................................... 10
1.1. ..................................................................................... 10
1.2. .......................................................................................... 13
1.3. ........................................................................ 17
1.4. ................................................... 19
1.5. ................................. 20
1.6. ............................................................................ 24
1.7. ......................................................... 25
2. .............................................. 27
2.1. Know-Net .............................................................................................. 27
2.2. ........................................................ 31
2.3. CommonKADS ..................................................................................... 35
2.4. DECOR.................................................................................................. 40
2.5. .......................................................................................... 42
2.6. On-To-Knowledge ................................................................................. 46
3. . 50
3.1. ....................................................................................... 50
3.2. ................................................................... 55
3.3. ............................................... 56
3.4. .................................................................................................... 61
3.5. ............................................................................................... 69
3.6. - ........................................... 79
4. ............... 80
4.1. : ................................. 80
4.2. .................................................................... 81
4.3. ............................................................................. 86
4.4. ........................................................................................ 89
4.5. ......................................................................... 92
4.6. ................................................................................... 94
4.7. ......................................... 95
4.8. ....... 96
5. ....................................................................... 99
5.1. .................................................................................................. 99
5.2. ................................................... 115
5.3. .................................... 118
5.4. ..................................................................................................... 121
6. ......................................................... 129
6.1. .................................................................. 130
6.2. .......................................... 132
6.3. .................................................................................................... 138
6.4. ................................................................................................... 141
6.5. .............................................. 142
6.6. ............................................................... 143

7. ............................................................................................... 152
7.1. ........................................................................................ 152
7.2. ............................................................................................................... 161
7.3. - .............................................................. 166
7.4. - .......................... 180
7.5. .................................... 186
7.6. / ( ) .................... 198
7.7. , , ....................................... 204
8. ......................................................................................... 206
8.1. () () ... 206
8.2. ........................................................... 213
8.3. ................................................... 216
8.4. ................................................................................ 222
8.5. ................................. 224
8.6. ............................................................ 228
8.7. ............................................................................................ 232
9. ................ 233
9.1. ................................................................................... 233
9.2. .................................................................... 241
9.3. .................................................... 247
10. ...... 257
10.1. ..................... 257
10.2. ................... 272
10.3. ................. 274
10.4. ......... 277
11. ................ 282
11.1. IBS...................................................................................... 282
11.2. (
) ..................................................................................... 290
11.3. ................... 296
11.4. .................................................................. 304
11.5.
....................................... 307
12.
............................................................................................. 312
12.1. ACTIVE ....................................................................................................... 313
12.2. NEPOMUK .................................................................................................. 317
12.3. OrganiK........................................................................................................ 325
12.4. X-Media ....................................................................................................... 327
12.5. Mymory........................................................................................................ 331
12.6. NEON .......................................................................................................... 333
12.7. KnowledgeWeb............................................................................................ 334
12.8. SEKT (Semantically-enabled Knowledge Technologies) ........................... 334
.................................................................................................................... 336
................................................................................. 339
........................................................................................................................ 340

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// Proceedings of the IJCAI-99 workshop on Ontologies and Problem-SolvingMethods
(KRR5) Stockholm, Sweden, August 2, 1999.
6
Fensel D. Ontologies: a silver bullet for Knowledge Management and Electronic Commerce.
Berlin: Springer Verlag, 2001.
7
Berners-Lee T., Hendler J., Lassila O. The Semantic Web // Scientific American, May 17,
2001. ( http://ezolin.pisem.net/logic/semantic_web_rus.html)

56

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and Knowledge Engineering, 25(1-2), 1998. P. 161-197.
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41

216

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Mkel E., Hyvnen E., Saarela S., Viljanen K. OntoViews - a tool for creating semantic
web portals // In Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. Semantic Web, Springer Verlag, 2004.
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217

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pp. 35-40, 2000.
45
Maedche A., Staab S., Studer R., Sure Y., Volz R. SEAL Tying Up Information
Integration and Web Site Management by Ontologies // IEEE Data Engineering Bulletin 25
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44

219

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46

220

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Search over Heterogeneous Databases. In Proc. 16th Int. Conf. Scientific and Statistical DB
Management, 2004.

221


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// WWW 2006, May 23-26, Edinburgh, Scotland, 2006.
48

223

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225



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226

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Katifori A., Halatsis C., Lepouras G., Vassilakis C., Giannopoulou E. Ontology
visualization methods a survey. ACM Comput. Surv. 39(4), 2007.

228

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229

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231

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232

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246

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Wenger E. Communities of practice learning as a social system // The Systems Thinker,

Vol. 9, No. 5. 1998.

247

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Gongla P., Rizzuto C. R. Evolving communities of practice: IBM Global Services
experience // IBM Systems Journal, vol. 40, NO. 4, 2001.
53

249

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252

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253

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255

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256

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258

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,
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259

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. 10.3.
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260

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. 10.4.

261



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262

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263

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264


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265

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266


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-

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Gartner , 2011 . SaaS
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: ,
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267

 55. 10.5
10.6 ,
, .

: InformationWeek Research, 2006

. 10.5. 2.0

: InformationWeek Research, 2006

. 10.6. 2.0
55

Bughin J., Manyika J. How businesses are using Web 2.0: A McKinsey Global Survey
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 Web 2.0
,
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IBM Lotus Quickr, Sametime .).
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269

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Khn O., Abecker A., Corporate Memories for Knowledge Management in Industrial
Practice: Prospects and Challenges. 1998.
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270


, .


.

:

(
) ( ).
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,
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. 10.8.

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:
57

Collins H. Enterprise Knowledge Portals. AMACOM, 2003.

271

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,
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, , (Staab,
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272


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274

 10.1

Altova Semanticworks, NeOn Toolkit, DOODLE
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Web RDF Library for C#/.NET

275

 . 10.1

AMV,
AUTOMS,
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OCAT, OntoMat-Annotizer, M-OntoMat-Annotizer,

PhotoStuff (Mindswap), AKTive Media Ontology

based annotation system, Ontolog, Magpie

KIM, AKTiveAgent, GATE ML, OntoOffice,

OntoText

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(Ontology
populator)

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Longwell, TGVizTab, OntoViz, Jambalaya, OWLViz,

/facet, mSpace, VIKI, CropCircles, CS Aktive Space,

SpaceTree, TreeMap, Spotlight, IsaViz

(ontology views)

GATE Ontology Editor, OCAT

(
)
- Hybrid OWL-S Web Service Matchmaker OWLS
MX, The TUB OWL-S Matcher (The OWLSM),
WSMX Discovery Framework, OWL Semantic Search
Services (owl-semsearch)
- WSMX Selector and Ranking Prototype

- Kweb Semantic Web Service Composition, Semantic

Web service composition through Cusal Link

Composition, Composer, Semantic web services
browser and composer, Web service Composition,
Service Composition Engine (Developed within ASG)

- WSMX Choreography Engine, IRS-III

276

10.4.

( )
.
.

(. 10.2),
(. 10.3),
.
- .
On-To-Knowledge 2.6.

: DILIGENT NeOn.

,
.

DILIGENT

(evolution)
.
:
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,
.
2. .
.
3. . ,
- ,
.
.
4. . .

,

277

.
5. .
.
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, .

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( )
.
:
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(Iterative),
() (Evolving Prototyping),
(Spiral).
(ontology network life cycle)

278


,
.


.
NeOn

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2:

279

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;
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280

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281

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IBS (http://ibs.ru/) 1992 .
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282

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284

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285

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286

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287

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Notebook

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288

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289

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58

Hefke M., Jager K., Abecker A. Best Practice Cases for Knowledge Management and Their
Portability to Other Organisations, 6th International Conference on Knowledge Management,
6-8 September, 2006, Graz, Austria.

290

.
(, best practice cases)

.

(case-based reasoning, CBR).
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291

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292


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293

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294


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295

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296


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302

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306

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. (), ., ., .,
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. .
. - : , 2010.
,
http://bigc.ru/publications/mn/navigator/

: Kudryavtsev D. From context to knowledge:
consecutive mapping ontologies and contexts // 6th International Conference on
Knowledge Management, 6-8 September, 2006, Graz, Austria. Graz: J.UCS,
2006. P. 97-104.
URL: http://bigc.ru/publications/bigspb/km/context_knowledge.php
.
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311

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312

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. 12.2.
7-

.
,
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,
, ).
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: http://active-project.eu/
ACTIVE

:
1.

313

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, , (
);
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,
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ACTIVE 2008 ,

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314

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Workspace) ACTIVE.

316

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.
:

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, ,
.
BT .
.
, Accenture, ,
.
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: http://nepomuk.semanticdesktop.org/
NEPOMUK
IST, FP6-027705.

. ,
,
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317


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318


.


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;

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).

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319

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()

" " (Semantic Desktop),
, , ,
, , - .

Semantic Web,
Uniform Resource Identifier,
Resource Description Framework.
,
,

320

 . , Semantic Desktop
.

Nepomuk Project,

(German Research Center for Artificial
Intelligence, DFKI). Nepomuk
Unix- KDE (K Desktop
Environment). Nepomuk
Windows, Macintosh Linux,
Web-, Firefox.
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memex

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321

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323


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324

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OrganiK :
,

(knowledge-intensive)
.
-

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:

,
( , ,
). ,

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.

(wikis, ,
) (
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325

 .
2.0 Semantic Web
. 2.0,
SLATES ( ):
(Search)
.
(Links)

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(Tags) ,

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(Extensions)
(collaborative intelligence)
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326

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.
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SLATES

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12.4. X-Media
: http://www.x-media-project.org/
X-Media
. ,
,
,
(,
) . 4-
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.

327


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328

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329

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,
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:
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Fiat:

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330


:
.
12.5. Mymory

.
: http://www.dfki.uni-kl.de/mymory/
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331

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332

12.6. NEON
NeOn (www.neon-project.org) 14
6- . 2006.

,
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-

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: 1.
; 2.

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,
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5. NeOn,
6. NeOn,
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,
8.
2:

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9.
NeOn ,
10. NeOn,
11. NeOn.

333

12.7. KnowledgeWeb
: www.knowledgeweb.semanticweb.org
:
1.
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1.1. ,
1.2. ,
1.3. ,
1.4. ,
1.5. ,
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:
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;
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3.1.
(EASE, the European Association for Semantic Web
Education),
3.2. ,
3.3. ;
4.
KnowledgeWeb-.
12.8. SEKT (Semantically-enabled Knowledge Technologies)
: http://www.sekt-project.com/
: 01.01.2004, : 36 months
:
Next Generation Knowledge Management (NGKM).
,

334


.
:
1.
,
2.
,
3.
,
4.
(mapping, alignment) (merging)
,
5.
,
6.
,
7.
DILIGENT,
8.
, , Usability,
,
9.
: ,
10. : ,
11. :
,
12. .

335



, , ,
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336

, - ,
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,

337

 ,
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,

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,

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.

338


1. ., . : . :
-, 2002. 504 .
2. . ., . . :
. . .: , . , 2008.
488 .
3. . . . ,
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4. . ., . ., . ., . .
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5. . . () : ,
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6. . . : , , 2002.
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7. ., . :
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8. ., . () :
IBM Institute for Business Value. . . .: , 2006. 248
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9. ., . .
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10. .. :
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11. .., .., ..
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, ,
.
, ,
/ ()
( ,
).
: , .

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.
, ( )
.
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( ).
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Discovery in Databases

.
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Information requirement] ,
,
- .
- , [information retrieval language,
indexing language] ,
,
,
- .


,

340

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.
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.

341

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342

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343

.

(-).
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.

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Business Administration and Engineering)
. () . -
, ESI (Educational Services International).
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2- ; bigc.ru). .
- , , , ,
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semantic web
(SSSW'06). 2004 -
(http://kmtec.ru/). -

.