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EPICURUS THE EXTANT REMAINS WITH SHORT CRITICAL APPARATUS TRANSLATION AND NOTES BY CYRIL BAILEY, M.A. Jowett Fellow and Classecal Tutor of Balliol College, Oxford OXFORD AT THE CLARENDON PRESS 1926 I EPICURUS TO HERODOTUS 35 For those who are unable, Herodotus, to work in detail J#troduction : through all that I have written about nature, or to peruse reece the large: books which I have composed, I have already advanced prepared at sufficient length an epitome of the whole én system, that they may keep adequately in mund at least the most general principles in each department, in order that as occasion arises they may be able to assist them- selves on the most important points, in so far as they undertake the study of nature. But those also who have made considerable progress in the survey of the main principles ought to bear in mind the scheme of the whole system set forth 10 its essentials. For we have frequent need of the general view, but not so often of the detailed 36 exposition. Indeed it 1s necessary to go back on the main principles, and constantly to fix in one’s memory enough to give one the most essential comprehension of the truth, And in fact the accurate knowledge of details will be fully discovered, if the general principles in the various depart- ments are thoroughly grasped and borne in mind , for even in the case of one fully imtiated the most essential feature in all accurate knowledge is the capacity to make a rapid use of observation and mental apprehension, and (this can be done if everything) is summed up in elementary pnn- ciples and formulae. For it is not possible for any one to abbreviate the complete course through the whole system, if he cannot embrace in his own mind by means of short Hépos kat mepi ToY 6dr) supplevit Bignone 9 avvayouévar] cvvayo- pevors Muebll, dvayouevoy Usener 10 eivat] eidéva Meibom —duva- uévov Thomas: Suvduevoy libri B2 20 I, MPOZ HPOAOTON pévov did Bpaxedy pwvav Smav eumeprdagely ev atré rd 37 xal_ ard pépos dv efaxpiBobev. | dev 33 maar xpnotuns otons rots Gxewpevors pyowdroyle rhs Toatrns db00, mapey- yoay rd cuvexés évépynua ev puoodoylg Kai rowtry pddiora eyyadnvlter 1G Bly enoined cou Kai rovadrny Twa emrophy 5 Kal crotxeluow r&v Sov d0gav. TpGrov pe ofy 7a dnoreraypéva roils POdyyos, & ‘Hpddore, def eiAnhévar, dnws dv ra dokatSpeva # Cyrovpeva i} Gropotpera exoper els taira dvayaydvres emixplvew, cat pa Uxpira mdvra july (ij) els Gmeyov amoderviovew i 38 —evods pOdyyous exaper. | dvdyxn yap 1d apGrov ervdnpa Ka’ Exactov pOdyyor BrknerBar cat pyOiy dnodetfews mpoodeicbat, elmep ELopev rd Chrovpevoy 4 arropodpevoy Kai do€addpevov ed’ 8 adrdfoper. ert re xara ras alcOjoes 5 def mdrra rypeiy ral awrGs (Kara) ras mapotoas émBodas etre diavolas €f6” Srov bymore Tay Kpirnplwv, dpolws B% Kard ra indpxovta 1aOn, Gxws Gy Kai rd Tpoopévoy Kal To &dnAor excoper ofs onperardueba. Taira def Beadadrtas cvvopay dn wept tov ddxAwv- 10 mpGrov pev Gre obdéy ylverar ex Too py dvros. Tay yap ek mavris éylver’ dr oneppdrwy ye oidev mpoadedpevor. | 39 cal el &pOelpero B& 7d ddbarCpevov els 7d pi ov, mdvra dy drwAdAa ra mpdypara, obx dvtwr eis & Biedvero. Kal pi nal 1d ray det rowtroy jy olor viv got, xal del ro.wBrov Zora. obey yap éorw els d peraBdrre. mapa yap 7d 5 map od0dy éoru, db dv elocdddy eis adbrd Thy peraBorhy nomoato. Il ate Schneider: a’rd libri 37 2 mapeyyvav 73 QH*Co Usener . ‘sapeyyrdvray FH'P3Z: rapeyyrorr Pls napeyyy . 7d Bt mapeyyue ro Gassendi 3 évépynua F Usener: évapynua BGH PQCo towtro Hirzel, 16 tovrav libri: reoiros é» Bignone 4 eyyadnvitwv 10 Usener * yyadnitovrs PICOF?: érradnvifer ro BI eyyadnugévroy FPIZ enoingd gu Usener: rooacda libri 9. G3) Roeper (iy) Usener } G 38 4 frite Arndt cfre hbri elra Gassendi: @rera Usener, im commentario frerey kara seclusit Bignone xual Muehll 5 wavra) mdvrwy Bignone. mavros Muehll feo} supplevit Gassends 6 xara Giussami. kai libri: kai (earé’) Gassendt 9,82 Cobet: 8¢ libri post BiadaBivras (Ber) Arndt 11 eyiver'} eyéver’ PICO 39 2 drew F: Grav tay codd cett 4 ds 6) 6 Brieger peraBdrde] puraBudei Usener 6 otharatro] roujoa Usener , moijoat (Sivaiyro Cronert 37 38 39 I. TO HERODOTUS ar formulae all that might be set out with accuracy in detail. Wherefore since the method I have described is valuable to all those who are accustomed to the investigation of nature, 1 who urge upon others the constant occupation in the investigation of nature, and find my own peace chiefly in a life so occupied, have composed for you another epitome on these lines, summing up the first principles of the whole doctrine. First of all, Herodotus, we must grasp the ideas attached |_ Methods af to words, in order that we may be able to refer to them ?”"Words to and so to judge the inferences of opinion or problems of be used in investigation or reflection, so that we may not either leave eau everything uncertain and go on explaining to infinity or use words devoid of meaning For this purpose it 1s essential that the first mental image associated with each word should be regarded, and that there should be no need of explanation, if we are really to have a standard to which to refer a problem of investigation or reflection or a mental inference. And besides we must keep all our a The investigations in accord with our sensations, and in par- sapdarss of ticular with the immediate apprehensions whether of the mind or of any one of the instruments of judgement, and likewise in accord with the feelings existing in us, in order that we may have indications whereby we may judge both the problem of sense-perception and the unseen. Having made these points clear, we must now consider Il The Un- things imperceptible to the senses First of all, that oe a ts nothing is created out of that which does not exist: for if A Impercep- it were, everything would be created out of everything we nes with no need of seeds. And again, if that which dis- created out of appears were destroyed into that which did not exist, all 2 Nothing 's things would have perished, since that into which they destroyed were dissolved would not exist. Furthermore, the universe inte nothing always was such as it is now, and always will be the same. verse 1s ever For there 1s nothing into which it changes: for outside the the same. universe there is nothing which could come into it and bring about the change. a2 I, MPO2 HPOAOTON PAAAG phy Kal rd wav éore (odpara cal rémos) odpara wey yap ds torw, adrh % aloOnois emi mdvrwy paprupe, Kal” fv dvayxaioy 1b ddndov rH AoyionG TexpalperOa, Somep 4° = -zpoctmov rd mpdcder | ef (Se) wi} Jv d Kevdy Kal xdpav Kat 4 42 ava piow dvoudtouen, ode bv cixe rd odpara Srov fy ob88 30 of exweiro, Kaddmep aiverar Kwovpeva. Tmaph BE raira obOey 088 &mwonOfvat Bivarae obre TweptAnaTixGs obre 5 dvaddyws tots weptAntrois, as Kad” Aas Pioes AapBavopeva kal pi) ds T& Tovrwr cvpatépara } cvpBesyxora eyopeva. kal pi cal trav copdrov ra pev eore cvyxpicas, Th 26 Sv al ovyxpirers wenoinvtar | raira b¢ éorw dropa Kal GperdBanra, etwep ph perder marta els 7d ph dv pOapirerdae ON ioxidy Te trouevew ev ras diadtocrt tev ovyxpirewr, aAdjpy Ty piou dvra, oik exorra Gmy 7} mus BiadvOjoerac 5 Gore Tas dpxas ardpovs drayxaioy car cwopiror pboes. "AAA pi Kai TO nav dnewpdy eat. Td yap TeTEpacpevor Expou eet 7d 38 dxpor wap’ Erepdy te Ocwpeirar, Gate ox exov axpov répas oix exer wépas d& otk exov Emewpov av ei Kal of wewepacuevor. Kal qi cal 7O mArfOer rov 1ocapdrov anepdv éore To wav Kai TH peyéBer Tod Kerod. | cire yap jr To xerdv daeipor, Ta 3% odmara dpicpeva, otdapod ay Cuere Ta oéuara, BAN’ eépero Kara td Areipov evdv dierrappéra, ode exovra re trepeldovta Kai oréddovra kata tds dvaxomds. ire TO Kevoy iv wpurpevov, odx ay Axe ra area odpara Snov evéorn. TIpds re rovras ra roma rév copdrwv Kai peord, ef 7 (wopara xai rénos) supplevit Usener 10 13. mpdoder] rénos 8¢ Usener 4o 1 (8) supplevit Gassend1 8 BG: éy FHPQ: év Usener 4008 Usener: o6re libri arepsgnti- x&s CO Usener’ nepidqnras libr. cett. 5-7. Os. . MapBavipeva ses Aeyipera) Boa... Anppivoper ... A€youev Usener 7 Kai ray B'P'QCo: Kul raviov FHP*Z 41 3 laxody re scripsi (adem Bignone): Ioxdovra libri toxiew rs Usener: (ioxtorrd twa im nots mss. Rohde) éoseverv] opersiv Cronert 4 bvra Usener: érav bri: dura xai Meibom . ofu 3} Bignone 7 16 8e FHPQ: 13 yap BG post @rwpetrar Usener ddda piv rd mri ob nop’ érepdv 71 Gewpetrar supplendum censurt 42-5 évdorn BFGP?: eons HPQ Scholia 39,7, post adAa pry nat legitur roiro Kal év rij Meyddy émeropy Gonos rar’ dpxiw Kai ev 74 & Hep piveas AAG py... dpyyv om. Z = — @ BHPQ: aporq FZ I. TO HERODOTUS 23 . Moreover, the universe is (bodies and space): for that B Bodies bodies exist sense itself witnesses in the experience of all ae sae ce men, and in accordance with the evidence of sense we consists of must of necessity judge of the imperceptible by reasoning, boctes and 49 as I have already said. And if there were not that which we term void and place and intangible existence, bodies would have nowhere to exist and nothing through which to move, as they are seen to move. And besides these There is no two nothing can even be thought of either by conception oie or on the analogy of things conceivable such as could be existence grasped as whole existences and not spoken of as the accidents or properties of such existences. Furthermore, among bodies some are compounds, and others those of which compounds are formed, And these latter are Body exists indivisible and unalterable (if, that is, all things are not to tRs (orn. be destroyed into the non-existent, but something per- particles manent 1s to remain behind at the dissolution of com- pounds) they are completely solid in nature, and can by no means be dissolved in any part. So it must needs be that the first-beginnings are indivisible corporeal existences. Moreover, the universe is boundless. For that which 1s © Infimty of : the untverse. bounded has an extreme point. and the extreme point 1S The unwerse seen against something else. So that as it has no extreme } infinite, point, it has no hmit, and as it has no limit, it must be 42 boundless and not bounded. Fusthermore, the infinite 1s both n the boundless both in the number of the bodies and in the pumber ef in extent of the void, For if on the one hand the void were the extent of boundless, and the bodies limited in number, the bodies space. could not stay anywhere, but would be carried about and scattered through the infinite void, not having other bodies to support them and keep them in place by means of colhsions. But if, on the other hand, the void were limited, the infinite bodies would not have room wherein to take their place. Besides this the indivisible and solid bodies, out of Or pmerenees Scholia the atoms— 40 7 post kai rdv legitur rodro kai év ri mpary epi picews xal rq ut not 18 kal t€ ral ry Meyddy emo infinite xal i@ BGHP'Q: rai rh te FP® ifferences, 4 4 24 I, MPO HPOAOTON Sy Kai al ovyxploes ylvovras Kal els & iadvovrat, dmepiannrd éott rais diadopais ray cxnudrw: od yap Suvarov yevérOar ras Ttoravras diapopas éx rdv airy oxnpdrwv meprerdnp- 10 pdvev. cal Kal? exdorny Be sxnudriow adds Eneipol cow al Byo.at, tais d¢ bradopais ctx amrAGs Ametpor GAR pdvov arepiantroc | Kwodvral re cvvexds al dropot rbv aléva wat ai piv... eis paxpay am” GdAjAw@y duoTdpevat, al b& ad Tov wadpov Icxovow, bray rixwor Ti} TeprmAoK|j KexAipévar 7 oTeyate- pera: waph trav mrexrixdv. | J Te yap Tod Kevod pics F SiopiCovsa éxdorny airy rodro napacevdger, rv brépeow obx ola re ofoa rocioba i te orepedtns } tmdpxovea adrais xard the otyxpovew riv dnonadpay ored, eg” Exocov av 4 nepimdonh Thy droxarderacw ex ris ovyxpoicews 853. apxi) 88 rovrev obk Eorw, alriwy ray arépwv obcdv ai rod xevod. | wo ‘EL rooatirn 8) gwvh rovrey rdvrey pynpovevouever rv ixavdy TOnov dmoBdAder ris TGV svrwv dboens enwolas. "AAAa py Kal xdopor Lmeipor eioly of 6” Syowr rovre nal of avdpow af re yap drouo. Amepor ofvas, ds Sprit dmedelxOn, Pepovrar kai noppwrdre. ob yap xaravidwvras ai rotatrac Gropo é€ dv ay yévoiro xécpos } ip’ dv dv rombe(n, ott’ eis eva ott’ els memepacpévous, 066" Saat rowBrot 086" Saou dudgopor rovrors. Sore oddiv Td eunobo- orarfirdy dort mpds tiv dreiplay rév xéouwr. | nm 9 atray om G 43 1 lacunam post rai al wév indicavit Bignone, ante eadem verba Usener 2 ad Usener (in commen- taro) avréy hbri- afrod Breger 3 iwxousw] icyovea: Brieger +3) meperdoxy Usener: ry mepurhoxiy libri 4 mapa G: mepi B! 44.2 aitiy] airéy G 6 airiwv] didioy H. Weil 451 5) BPQ) & G 2 (rais sept) ante rijs inseruit Usener éxwoias Z{ Bignone ¢mvoias libr_cett. Usener 3 01 6 GH PQCo: 6 BYFZ 4 Kai of GHPQCo: cat BFZ?: et’ f Scholia 42 12 post dmepiAnnros legitur obde ydp Grow evBorépw eis drepov Thy Topiy rvyxave, eyes B€, érecdy ai mosdrnres peraSdddovrat, el padre Tis pi) Kai Tols peyeBecw dads els Arecpov adras eKBarEY A€yer] Ajye C.F. Hermann: Ayyar Usener et pwedhear . . epBddXew in textu retmuit Muebll pede libri plerique + HEA BG 43 1 post al dropo: legitur got 8¢ évBorépw kai leoraxas abras xeveiobas Toi Kevod riy cifty Spolay mapexopérou kal rH Kouordry Kat thi Bapurdty eléw Kuhn: [gw B: igw libr. cett. I, TO HERODOTUS 25 which too the compounds are created and into which they are dissolved, have an incomprehensible number of varieties in shape for it is not possible that such great varieties of things should arise from the same (atomic) shapes, if they are limited in number. And so in each shape the atoms are quite infinite in number, but their differences of shape are not quite infinite, but only incom- prehensible in number, 43 And the atoms move continuously for all time, some of E Motion of them (falling straight down, others swerving, and others '* *to™™ recoiling from their collisions, And of the latter, some are borne on) separating to a long distance from one another, while others again recoil and recoil, whenever they chance to be checked by the interlacing with others, 44 or else shut in by atoms interlaced around them. For on the one hand the nature of the void which separates each atom by itself brings this about, as it is not able to afford resistance, and on the other hand the hardness which belongs to the atoms makes them recoil after collision to as great a distance as the interlacing permits separation after the collision. And these motions have no beginning, since the atoms and the void are the cause. 45 These brief sayings, if all these points are borne in mind, afford a sufficient outline for our understanding of the nature of existing things. Furthermore, there are infinite worlds both like and F Infimte unlike this world of ours. For the atoms being infinite in RUPE of number, as was proved already, are borne on far out into space. For those atoms, which are of such nature that a world could be created out of them or made by them, have not been used up either on one world or on a limited number of worlds, nor again on all the worlds which are alike, or on those which are different from these. So that there nowhere exists an obstacle to the infinite number of the worlds. Scholia 44. 7 post rod xevoi legitur gyot 8 év8orépa pnd rowryrd rea wept ras dropuvs elvas mAny oxhparos Kai peyéBous Kai Bipovs' rd be XpSpa raph tiv Ocow tov drépwy Gdddrreaba ev ais Adsexa crow ndgeai not. may d€ péyeOos ph elva mept adrds’ obdéore yoov Gropos SPOn aicdioes napa libr. plerique. mepi HQ 8adexalibr.plenque: (8 BPCo 46° 47* 48 49 26 I, TIPOZS HPOAOTON Kai py cal réro Spouorxsfuoves trols orepepvias «lot, Aemtérmow anéxovres paxpiv tov pawopévar. obre yap azoordoas adwvaroiow ev tO mepitxorte yiverOar rotadrae obr’ émerndedtntes tis KaTepyacias TGy Kowudrwv Kat 5 Aenrorjray yiverOat, obte anépporat Tip é€ijs Bow Kal Baow Bearnpodoat, sv rep cai ev rots orepenviots elxov rovrous 3% robs roms ebura nrorayopebouen. E16’ Gru ra cidwda Tats Aerrérnow avuTepBAjrors KéxpyTat, 808» avryaprupel rv dawouvaw Sev vad rdxn dvundp- Banra tye, wdvra népov adbpperpov exovra aps (73) 7B Anopp® airGy pnOey avrixéarey 4 dAlya dvtexdwrety, TOA BE Kat aretpos eddy drtixdarew tu | pds re robros, dre he yéverts rév cdddwy Gyo vojpare cupBaive. xai yap feBois dnd rév cwpdrov Tob ememoAis ouverts, ode enlbnros TH peoer Bid Thy dvravanAfpwow, ogovea Ty emi rod orepepviov Oéow Kai régw trav ardpwr énl mwodby xpdvov, et xai avlore ovyxeoudrn, xal ovordces av 7B mepeéxorre Géeiar Bia 1d py detv Kad Babs Td orpmAripopa yiverBat, kat GdAow 8% tpdmo. Twes yevunTexol Tav TowtTwY picedy ciow. od8e yap Tovrwy avrysaprupeirar tais alobjoerw, ww rode Brey tis riva tpémov ras évapyeias, riva Kal ras oupmadeias dnd ray ELw0ev mpos jpas dvoicer. | Act b% Kat ropltew, enewrrros Twos amd tov euler Tas poppas dpay jas cal draroetcOar ov yap ar évaroodpa- ylowro ra tkw rip tavrdy qiow Tod re xpsparos cai ris popdijs Bid rod ddpos rod perags Spay re xaxelven, obBe 5 dta rar axrivor i} olor Bf more ferpdror ad? fear mpds 46* 3 droordres] cvordoets Gassendi 4 tis scrpsi* robs P'QCo* ras FHP?: rais GTI) _ apds Usener 5. Aerroryrav} Aeorjrov Usener ivecOa del. Ktihn 46 Kai py Kav... 47 xatacxeiv 73 orotxetoy has duas sententias suadente Giussani ad 61,62 transtuh “47 1 eld" FPQ: ei B°GH 3 (rp) supplevit eibom : (r3)Tescar 4 droppa scripsi collato Lucr-iv. 205. dmeipp hbri: ve dxeipp Bignone: ra dzeipus Muehll : post dreipp aliquid intercidisse suspicabatur Tescar! _rohAais] wodAois Usener in com- mentario 48 3 émimodis Z*f: emi wodAs libr, cett. (emuroddjs P) cuvexis P8 mg : owoyis libri 4 1H petdoee Usener: onpesoer BGHPQ: j pedoe F 6 post ovyxeouevn supplet imipxe H my 9 dvripaprupeirar H. Weil: dvrapropel BEHPQCOZ: paprupe Io ris riva scrips: ris rwalibri— évapyeias Gassendi évepyeias bri riva Usener : iva libri 11 voice: Bi: dvoion FHPQCOZ. dvetow G 1, TO HERODOTUS 27 46* Moreover, there are images like in shape to the solid II. Sense bodies, far surpassing perceptible things in their subtlety Aone, of texture, For it is not impossible that such emanations 1 The should be formed in that which surrounds the objects, nor ‘!™#8°S"* that there should be opportunities for the formation of such hollow and thin frames, nor that there should be effluences which preserve the respective position and order which they had before in the sohd bodies: these images we call idols. 47* Next, nothing among perceptible things contradicts the 2 Their belief that the images have unsurpassable fineness of eee and texture. And for this reason they have also unsurpass- able speed of motion, since the movement of all their atoms 1s uniform, and besides nothing or very few things hinder their emission by collisions, whereas a body composed of many or infinite atoms 1s at once hindered by collisions. 48 Besides this (nothing contradicts the belief) that the 3 Ther creation of the idols takes place as quick as thought. For ummediate the flow of atoms from the surface of bodies 1s continuous, yet it cannot be detected by any lessening in the size of the object because of the constant filling up of what 1s lost. The flow of images preserves for a long time the position and order of the atoms in the solid body, though it is occasionally confused. Moreover compound idols are quickly formed in the air around, because it is not neces- sary for their substance to be filled in deep inside: and besides there are certain other methods in which existences of this sort are produced For not one of these beliefs 1s contradicted by our sensations, 1f one looks to see in what way sensation will bring us the clear visions from external objects. and in what way again the corresponding sequence of qualities and movements. 49 Now we must suppose too that it is when something 4 The method enters us fiom external objects that we not only see but eee think of their shapes. For external objects could not make on us an impression of the nature of thetr own colour and shape by means of the air which lies between us and them, nor again by means of the rays or effluences of any 49 2 dy evanoappayisairo Cobet: 4 pév (tv GZ') drorppayicaro ibn 5 raw] sway Usener 28 I, TIPOS HPOAOTON éxetva napaywopévwr, otrws os tézev Twov emeoidvT@r juiv and rSv mpayydror Spoxpdav re Kal Suowpdppwv xar& 1d évdpporrov péyebos els thy dyuw 7} Thy bidvoav, dxéws 5° rails gopais xpoueror, | tra be radryy rip alrlay rod évds kai ovvexois Tw pavraciay dnodiddvrav Kal Thy ovpnddear dad rob Sroxepevov oy(érrwr xara roy excidev ovuperpov eneperopoy ex ris xara Bdbos ev TB crepeuvlp rav arduov srédcews. Kai fv dv AdBoper avraciay emBdnrixds TH b:avola i Trois aiwOnryplots clre poppijs eire cupBeByxdrwv, mopdy gorw atry rod arepeuvtor, ywoudyn xara 7d etfs mixvaya 4 eyxardAcwpa rod eldddov 1d 8% Webdos Kal 7d Benmaprnwevov ev 1H mpoobokatoudv acl eorw (emt rod 10 Tpoopevorros) empaprepyOifrer Oat 4 pi dvripaprupyOijrec Oa, St cir’ obk émtyapryporpevon Gj dvrysaprupouperov): | fj Te yap Spoidrns tay parracpdy olov et ev elxdrt AauBavondvow x00’ Srvovs ywoudrwy 4 Kar’ GAdas Twas emiBoras Tijs Beavolas } rav Aowmdv Kpirnplov ode dv wore dafpye Tois sofa re Kal ddnOdor mpocayopevopeross, e yh fy rwa Kad rovaira mpooBahAdpevar 7d 88 Sinuapryudvor ove dv iahpxer, el py eAauBdvoper cat GAAnv twa Kirnow ev fyiv atrois ovvnppérmy piv aaedldov Kata Thy Spot- 65 ppnow Kai cvpmdberav Kai exelvm, xabdrep etmov. | dd di kat evurdpxouca f) Yuxi} obdémore KAdov Teds wdpous amnAAay- pévov dvacOnricer GAA’ & Sv Kal ratrys fvvanddnrar rod oreydCovros AvOévros «is? Sov efre cal pépovs twds, edv step Biapdrp, eer rv atcOnow: Td 3% Aowwdy SOpoicpa dvazvov Kai Sdov cat cath pepos obk Exe riv aloOnow exelvou dmmAdaypévov, Brov more oti rd ouvrelvov tov ardpwy mdROos els Thy ris Woxhs piow. cal pi wal Bearvopévov rod Srov aOpolepatos $F Woxh baowelpera to Kat obxére @xet Tas adtas Surdpers ovde Kwetrat, Gore odd" 66 alobnow xéxrnra | od yap ofdy re voeiv aird alobavduevov Bh (bv) ey totrp TE overipart Kal tals xunjoeor Tatras xpdpevor, Srav ra oreydQovra Kal meptexovra py Toadra ff, 67 év ols viv otca exer Tatras Tas Kunjous. | GAAG pi Kai robe ye Set mpockaravociy Sri 7d dodparoy Adyerat xara Thy mrelorny Suirlay rod dvdparos ent rob xaé’ gaurd von- Oévros bv. Kad? gaurd 88 odx ort vofoa Td dodparov SmAyp rod xevod rd 8& Kevdv obre noujoa obre rade ddvarat, adda Kivnow povov bl éavTod Tois cwpact wape- 64 6 éripp . . . cvyyeyempivg Breger: érépw . . . ovyyevern- péve brit trepov.. avyyeyernuivoy Usener 8 airs hbr plerique: airé BZ xivnoty BP?Q: Bivnow FHP*: ddvnow GZ 65 3 dvatcOnrnoes Kuhn: dvatoOpoe B dvatoOyaia libr. cett.: dvato@yret Schneider adn’ & ay FP®: adda dy hibr. cett. rairys Usener: tavry libri guvardAqra: G: Evvardddnrat FHPQ: gvvardddurat BCo 5 eu Usener: 6&3 hbn: og{e Muehil 6 wai xari pipos FG: xari pipor BHPQCo: «al pepos Usener 9 diadrvopévov F + dvonévov B:' Avowévou hibr. cett. 10 Kiveirat] kujoas Bignone: (ras avras xvjoes) supplendum censuit Brieger 66 1 avrd} rd Usener 2 (8) supplendum suspicatus est Usener 4 ols] ofas comecit Usener 67 2 dri] rs Usener = Aéyerat Bignone : Aéyet yap libri: Aéyouer Muchll : verba Acyet yop xara riw mrelerny dyXiavy ut glossema seclusit Usener 3 kal’ éaurd Stephanus: «a@’ éavrdy bri 5 obre] ob8¢ comecit Usener Scholia . 67 { post cal réde legitur Adyee ev Addu Kal e& drdwev abriv cvyrciobat Nesorérwy ead grpoyyurdrey, roANp rivt Btaepovody ray rod mupds’ kal rb pév rt ddoyov abrijs, br Aad wapeondpba copart: 78 8¢ Nopudy &v rg Odpaxt, bs Sprov fx re Tov déBev Kal rhs xapas. I, TO HERODOTUS ans body no longer has sensation. For it never possessed this power in itself, but used to afford opportunity for it to another existence, brought into being at the same time with itself: and this existence, owing to the power now consummated within itself as a result of motion, used spontaneously to produce for itself the capacity of sensation and then to communicate it to the body as well, in virtue of its contact and correspondence of movement, as | have 65 already said. Therefore, so long as the soul remains in 3 Even the body, even though some other part of the body be lost, Saeed it will never lose sensation; nay more, whatever portions be lost the of the soul may perish too, when that which enclosed it is vee removed either in whole or in part, if the soul continues to exist at all, it will retain sensation. On the other hand but if the soul the rest of the structure, though it continues to exist either eS as a whole or in part, does not retain sensation, if it to feel; has once lost that sum of atoms, however small it be, which together goes to produce the nature of the soul. Moreover, if the whole structure is dissolved, the soul 1s and so does dispersed and no longer has the same powers nor performs (he 2°u)), its movements, so that it does not possess sensation either. body 1s 66 For it is impossible to imagine it with sensation, if it is °K *P not in this organism and cannot effect these movements, when what encloses and surrounds it is no longer the same as the surroundings in which it now exists and per- 67 forms these movements Furthermore, we must clearly 4 The soul comprehend as well, that the incorporeal in the general acarmoreal, acceptation of the term is applied to that which could be for if it were thought of as such as an independent existence. Now it iis the ony is impossible to conceive the incorporeal as a separate mdependent existence, except the void: and the void can neither act ae nor be acted upon, but only provides opportunity of motion not act or be acted on. Scholia Envoy re yiverdue rov tis Wuyi uepav row map’ Dnv riv obyxpiow mapeorapuewy eyxarexoucven 4) duapopoupiver, Gra cupmutrdvray rois erepeuspors. 76 Te oepua df’ Sduv Tov copdrav épeBar yey re epit. vat. Cobet error bri apeomdp6ar Schneider : mapeondp6n B: mapecapOpe) BFGHPQCO: mapeoabpes Z_ Oiopare hbriplerique: cdzarvGZ — ovammrdrrav] dummrévray F : unde gemarrévrav Giussani__éneperopois Usener: ropypois BHP'Q: Sroppois F (sc. évpyois): éomappévors GZ: mépors Traversarius 42 I, I1POE HPOAOTON xerat, ad" of Adyovres doduarov evar thy yoxy parg- (ovew, o¥8ty yap ay evvaro moreiy otre mécxew, el tw ro.atry* viv 8° évapys duddrepa radra diadauBdverar wept 68 Thy Woxty 7d ovpmrdpare. | redra oby mdvta rd Biadoylopara (ra) mept Woxfis avdywv ris emt rd dOn kab ras alodioas, Bunpovedwy Tv év dpyf pnbévtwr, ixavGs xarderar Tots tumors eumepreAnupeva els rd (Kal Ta) Kata pépos amd 5 Tovey e£axpiBotcba BeBaiws. "AAAG pi cal Td oxrpara cal ra xpdpara Kal ra peyeén kal r& Adpy Kal Soa GAda Karnyopeiras odparos doavet cupPePnxéra # waow 4 rots dparots cat xara rh aleOnow airéy yvworois, ot6’ &s Kad’ éaurds clot ddoets boéacréoy 69 (od yap buvardv emevofjoat rodro), | obre SAws ds odk «lol, ov0 ws rep’ Grra mpoovndpxovta Tolrw dowpara, ot os pépia rovrov, adn’ ds 13 Edov cpa xadddov pay (éx) rovroy advrov rip tavrod pow Exov aibiov, ody ofov 8 evar (2x) ovunepopnudver (Senep Srav e€ aivdy rdv syxwy pelCov wn Eporpa overi ijroe rév mpdrwv 4 rav Tod Srov peyeOdv robde twos éAarrdvwv), dAAd pdvor, ds A€yw, éx Tovrwv andvrav ri éavtod iow éxov didiov. Kat émBodds wiv Zyovra idlas wdvra raird gore Kal diadsyres, ovpnapaxodov- 10 Gobvtos 5% Tob GOpdov Kal odGapjj arorytCouevov, GAAG Kara thy &Opéav évvoray rob adparos xatnyopiay ctAngéros. | 70 Kai pip xal rots odpact cupminre moAAdats xal odx didioy mapaxodovdety + 4 « « « vbr’ év rots dopdrots evar ore dowpara. 9 SiadapBdvera scrips. dahauAdver bri: adapBdves Big- none: diaAapBdvopey Meibom: ovpPaire Usener 68 2 (ra) supplevit Usener 4 (eat ra) supplevit Usener 7 Bapn Usener: Bapéa # bri boavel cupBefinxsra Galesius os av els avira BeByxéra libri: os dy det cupBeAnxiza Bignone 9 atray yoorois P?; atrois ywworois libr. cett.: coparos yrword Usener 69 2 088’ ds Gassendi: as of6’ (086 FQ) hbri éxep’ arra Usener: grepa ra libri 3 (¢x) supplevit’ Meibom 4 (ex) supplevi 5 avumehopnucvav BOP'Co: cupmepupnucvov F_ 6 eye oar) pepo Schneider 7 rovde twos Usener- rod 3¢ tos bri 8 éavroid} éavray HPQ 10 opi Usener : ob8apq BP'Q: ob8apa libr.cett. — drwaxtCopévov] dmorxnfopévoy B: dro~ oxXépeva Usener 11 eAggdros] eiAngdra Usener 70 2 mapa- rodovdeiv lib, plerique: mapaxohovdel Bi apaxodovder dy? Bignone: post mapaxodovOeiy lacunam indicavit Usener — elvat 1, TO HERODOTUS 43 through itself to bodies So that those who say that the soul is incorporeal are talking idly. For it would not be able to act or be acted on in any respect, if it were of chis nature, But as it is, both these occurrences are clearly 68 distinguished in respect of the soul. Now if one refers all These general these reasonings about the soul to the standards of feeling Po aeoly and sensation and remembers what was said at the outset, & basis for he will see that they are sufficiently embraced in these “'""* general formulae to enable him to work out with certainty on this basis the details of the system as well. Moreover, as regards shape and colour and size and VI. Properties weight and all other things that are predicated of body, "params as though they were concomitant properties either of all are not things or of things visible or recognizable through the \nécPendent sensation of these qualities, we must not suppose that existences or they are either independent existences (for it 1s impossible mreorporeal 6g to imagine that), nor that they absolutely do not exist, nor parts of body, that they are some other kind of incorporeal existence ee accompanying body, nor that they are material parts of physical con- body: rather we should suppose that the whole body in puyen's of its totality owes its own permanent existence to all these, but body oves yet not in the sense that it is composed of properties 'ts essential brought together to form it (as when, for instance, a larger aggregate of structure 1s put together out of the parts which compose propetties, al- it, whether the first units of size or other parts smaller Inigo than itself, whatever it 1s), but only, as I say, that it owes uniling to its own permanent existence to all of them. All these form x. properties have their own pecuhar means of being per- ceived and distinguished, provided always that the aggre- gate body goes along with them and is never wrested trom them, but in virtue of its comprehension as an aggregate of qualities acquires the predicate of body. zo Furthermore, there often happen to bodies and yet do 2 Accidents not permanently accompany them (accidents, of which we incorporeal must suppose neither that they do not exist at all nor that existences, they have the nature of a whole body), nor that they can SSyiwnes and be classed among unseen things nor as incorporeal. So soon attached 5 8 Po to body, but scnpsi: kal libri: Zora: Usener: x(a dvacOfros Bogaaréov iva NOt perma Bignone nently. 44 I. T1POS HPOAOTON Gore 3% xara rhy wrelorny popdy rotry TG dvdpart xpdpevor pavepa roodpev Ta cupmrdpara obre tiv Tod Aov giow 5 exew, & ovddaBdvres xatd 7d d0pdov cya mpooayopevouer, otre thy trav div sapaxodovBotvrav, Sv Ever cadua od duvardy vocteOa. Kar’ em Boras 3° bv twas Tapaxodov- vid Boivros rod dOpduv Exarra mporayopevbetn, | GAA’ Gre bijroTe Zxacra oupBalrovra Gewpetrat, ob &(iov Trav ovmmrwpdrev mapaxodovOovrvrwy. ai odx ekedaréov ex rod dvros ratrny thy évapyelav, Srt odk exer Thy Tod Gdrov diaw > ovp- 5 Balves obb8 riv tév aidiov mapaxodovbodtytwr, od8’ ad xab™ atti: vopioréoy (obd8 yap Tobro biavonréov obr’ émt rovrwv obr’ emi rév dlbiov cupBeBnxdtrwy), GAdr’ Srep wal patverar, cvpmrduara mévira xara Ta odpara vouteréor, xa odk Albiov rapaxodovBoivra ob8? ad dicews xal? éavrd réyya 10 Exovra, aAX’ by rpdmov abr % aloOnoss ry idrnra owt Oewpetrar. | 72 Kai piv xal réde ye det mpocxaravoficat opodpas: rav yap Bh xpsvov ob Gyrntéov donep wat ra dowd, Soa ev Smoxemeve Cyrotper avdyovres emi ras PAewouéras map” uly abrots mpodsyes, addr’ abrd rd evdpynua, nab? & roy s Todt 4 dAlyor xpdvoy dvapwroduev, cvyyertkds robro em@epovras avadoytoréov. kat obre diaddkrous Ss eArtovs Betadnatéov, GAN’ adrats rats dtnapxovcats Kar’ abrod xenoréoy: otre Ado m1 Kar’ abirod xarqyopyréoy as Thy airiy otolay éxov 7H ludpare robr (Kai yap ToGro owwbcr 10 Tes), GAAG pdvoy G ovpTA€Kopev 7d TBrov TooTo Kai mapa- 713 perpotper, uddtora emAoytordor. | cal yap Toor obx aro- deLews mpoodeirar GAN’ emdoywpod, Ste tats Hucpars Kad 5 8 FGZ: 6y HPQCo: fw B 6 aidiov BF: didiow br cett. 8 post sposayopeufein Jacunam indicavit Usener qt ore} Srp Usenet 2 didioy Metbom: di8iar libri 4 evapyeian]) évep= eiav GH & F1GZ: 6B: 6 HPQCoF® 5 didiov PCo: didior REZ 6 Bavonréos] avonriv’ Bernays 7 didiov} dedion BFGZ 8 mdv(ra_en)ra ra oépara Bignone: mdvra vi oopara libri: wdvra odparos Usener: mdvta ra roatra Muebll To dln” By] adAov P'Q: Gar’ (dv) by comecit Bignone 11. Gewpeirai] Oeapeicda: vel Gewpyréoy suspicatus est Usener 726 émepepovras scripsi: mepiépovres libri: éripépovres Usener 7-8 Kar’ atrot ts. nar’ abrod Gassendi: xaf alto}... «al abrod libri 9 exev Usener : gxovros libri (Zxovr H) 10 ror BHP'Q: votre FGP* Scholia qm 4 post cungaives legitur 8 8) cai oSpa rpooayopevouev: in textu retinuit Muehll I, TO HERODOTUS 45 that when according to the most general usage we employ this name, we make it clear that accidents have neither the nature of the whole, which we comprehend in its aggregate and call body, nor that of the qualities which permanently accompany it, without which a given body cannot be conceived. But as the result of certain acts ot apprehension, provided the aggregate body goes along with them, they might each be given this name, but only on occasions when each one of them 1s seen to occur, since accidents are not permanent accompaniments. And we Both their must not banish this clear vision from the realm of exis- cxpience tence, because it does not possess the nature of the whole transitory to which it 1s joined nor that of the permanent accompani- character ments, nor must we suppose that such contingencies exist recognized. independently (for this is inconceivable both with regard to them and to the permanent properties), but, just as it appears in senSation, we must think of them all as accidents occurring to bodies, and that not as permanent accom- paniments, or again as having in themselves a place in the ranks of material existence; rather they are seen to be just what our actual sensation shows their proper character to be. Moreover, you must firmly grasp this point as well ; we 3. Time is not must not look for time, as we do for all other things which eo we look for in an object, by referring them to the general as are con- conceptions which we perceive in our own minds, but we ce ees, must take the direct intuition, in accordance with which we butisa special speak of ’a long time’ or ‘a short time’, and examine it, Hind of necie applying our intuition to time as we do to other things. Neither must we search for expressions as likely to be better, but employ just those which are in common use about it, Nor again must we predicate of time anything else as having the same essential nature as this special Perception, as some people do, but we must turn our thoughts particularly to that only with which we associate this peculiar perception and by which we measure it. For indeed this requires no demonstration, but only reflection, to show that it is with days and nights and their divisions 46 I, HPO HPOAOTON rats veg cupmdéxoper kat tots rovrwy pépecy, aoatrws Be Kal rots mdOeo. xat rats Grabelas, kal Kujoecr Kal 5S ordocow, tidy te ovprTwya wept tabra mdéAw aizd rodro évyooivres, nad’ & xpdvov dvoud Comer. "Ent re roles mpoctpnudvois robs xdapovs Bet kal wacay obyxpiow metepacpevny Td duotoerdis tots Gewpovpévors munvas txouray voutew yeyovévar and to8 dmefpov, ndvreav 10 robrav ex svotpopey lav dmoxexpiéver cat pecCoveav Kal @darréven: cai wédw diadverOar rdvra, Ta wav OarToV, ra B& Ppadvrepov, kal TH pv tad roy rodvde, TA dF dad 74 rv rodvde wdoxovra. | Err BF Kal robs Kdopous obre ef avdyans Be? voice Eva oxmparicudy Exovras 4 + 0» « Ob8R yap dv dmodelfeer ovdels, ds (av) piv 7H ToLoUTp Kal od« ay dumepedi pon ra rowatra onéppara, ef dv (Gd re nat pura Kai tk Noma mdvra (rd) Oxwpoduera cvvtorarat, ev B& TH rowvry ov« ay eumnjn. | 75 >AAAG why taodnaréoy Kal Ty dow TOAAR Kal wayroia tnd adray rv mpayydtwv dbaxOjval re cal dvayxacOfvar tov 8% Aoyicpdv Ta tnd ta¥rns mapeyyunOévTa Borepor ekaxpiBotv Kai mpocegerploxew ev piv Tist Barroy, ev at rtd Bpabtrepov ai ev pv nial mepidbors Kal xpdvors tard tév dnd rod amelpout « +, ev B& Test Kal €Adtrovs. dOev Kal ra dvdpara e& apis mh Ode yevécOar, GAX’ airs Tas 73.5 widw] mévra Usener 7 robs xéapous] rots (re) adauour suspicatus est Usener 8B bpmoed’s FPQCo: spondes BGHZ 13 wdgxovra FGH!P9Z. rofro cxéa BP!Q: roiro mdrxovra Ht 4 2 post Zxarras Verba genuina scholio intruso expulsa esse indicavit Boerer 3 (>) supplevit Gassendi _5 (ra) supplevit Schneider 78 2 alrav roy BHPQ: tov atrav Fi ray abroy rav 3 Sorepov BP'Q: xal arepov codd cett. 5 dnb ray amd vod Greipov ut glossema seclusit Usener droropiy pro dé roy legendo : retinuit Bignone qui (p68 ov pelfous maparkevitecOas Aiwes) addere voluit Lacunam indicavit Usener 6 wat Usener: xar" hbri Scholia 73 6 post dvoudfopey legitur pyat 8¢ rodro Rat ev rH deutépq Depi duarws kat vrij Meydhy emiropg_ 1 Sevrépa libri plerique: 1 B FGZ 13 post mdoxorra legitur BjXov oly ae Kal POaprovs gyar_rois xégpous peraBaddSrrwy ray pepdy. xa ev dddois iy yh rh dépe éroxeigGar. . SyAoy ... xa) in textu retinult et post cal * « «(cal dv1p .. . Wept ivews)adiecit Muehil — S8aprods BPCo: bBdpras F : abOdp- tous G: ‘rods xdepous hbri plerique : roy xéopov F 74 2 post gxovras legitur GAXd nal Biapdpovs abrois év rj IB Hep diaeds dyow" obs pev yap opatpoeiBeis, xai Boetdeis EAdovs, xai GAXo10~ 1, TO HERODOTUS 41 that we associate it, and hkewise also with internal feelings or absence of feeling, and with movements and states of rest; in connexion with these last again we think of this very perception as a peculiar kind of accident, and in virtue of this we call it time. And in addition to what we have already said we must VII Worlds, i . . t believe that worlds, and indeed every limited compound demcion? body which continuously exhibits a similar appearance to shapes, and i contents the things we see, were created from the infinite, and that 1. Worlds all such things, greater and less alike, were separated off are created ivi . out of the from individual agglomerations of matter ; and that all are 9o.4 by means again dissolved, some more quickly, some more slowly, of separate some suffering from one set of causes, others from another, *g8regations 74 And further we must believe that these worlds were are similarly neither (created) all of necessity with one configuration (nor dese yet with every kind of shape. Furthermore, we must of various believe that in all worlds there are living creatures and shapes. plants and other things we see in this world ;) for indeed ain them all no one could prove that in a world of one kind there might animals, or might not have been included the kinds of seeds from &&:*°™ which living things and plants and all the rest of the things we see are composed, and that in a world of another kind they could not have been. 75 Moreover, we must suppose that human nature too was VIII. The taught and constrained to do many things of every kind erowth of merely by circumstances ; and that later on reasoning and the ongin of l elaborated what had been suggested by nature and made 7 ‘T/208" further inventions, in some matters quickly, in others were laught slowly, at some epochs and times (making great advances), eas ra and lesser again at others. And so names too were not reason at first deliberately given to things, but men’s natures 2 Language according to their different nationalities had their own ‘hus oriet: Scholia oxjpovas irépous* ob pévros mavoxtwatyew, ob8é (pu elvas droxpibévra and rod dreipou verbum dda in textu retinuit Muehll Tlepi hirews Brieger . repi altos BHP'QCo: meph rodrov FGZ: mpi (icews) abris Usener xa bri plerique.. éxerac 8 ob pévror. .. dreipou in textu retinere voluit Brieger . 6 post ¢duriOy legitur doavras 88 kal evrpadivar. tiv abriy 88 Tpimoy Kai én ys vowioTéoy rév adréy. . . voysoréov in textu retinuit Muehll 48 I, 1POZ HPOAOTON dices t&v dvOpdnuv xa? exacra f6vn Tia aacxosoas 740n Kat Bia AapGBavotoas gavrdcopara ldlws row dpa 10 exnépre orehasuevoy bp exdotway rév nabév nad ror gavracpdrwv, ds &v wore kat 4 Tapa rods rénous rév eOvav 76 —bsaopa ein: | torepov 3% xowds Kad? Exacta €6rm ra tba reOjjvat mpds rd Tas Snddoets Hrrov dugiBddrous yeréocOar adAfAots Kal ovvropwrépws byrovpevass twa 8& Kai od cwopdueva mpdypara elopépovtas robs ovedsras mapey- 5 yea ras bObyyous robs (uv) dvayxacbevras avapuvioat, tous b@ TG Aoytou@ édopvous card ri awAclorqy alrlay obras épynvedoat. Kat piv (eal rip) de rots peredpors gopav Kal rpomv ral éxderyv Kal dvarodiy cat Stow Kal rd cioTotxa rovrots 10 pajre Aetroupyodvros rivds vopl(ev bet yevérOar nal d.ardr- rovros # Bardgavros xal Sua Thy waar paxapiéryra exovros 77 werd Apbapclas | (od yap cruduvofew mpayyarciar al ppovribes Kai dpyai xal xdpires paxapidrntt, GAA’ év dodevelg cal ddBy Kat mpocdejoe tov wAnoiov raira ylverat), frre ad nip dua dvta cvveotpappévov thy paxaptdrnta Kexrnpeva BKaTa BovAnow Tas Kuhoets Tavras AapBdvews GAAL Tay 1d cduvaua rypey xard ndvra dvéuara gepsueva emi ras toatras evvotas, wa pnd’ trevavrla e€ abray (yévwvrar) 7G cepvdpore ddfae ef 62 pj, rdv péyoroy rdépaxov ev rats uxats air) Smevavridrns napacxerdoer, SOev Bh roxard ras e& apyfis evanokfWes rv overpopdv rovrav ay rij rod Kdcpov yevérer det dofdCew Kal Thy dvdyxny tairyy Kat replodoy avvredciobat, | - 78 Kat piv cai (rd) ri batp rév xupwrdrey airtav e€axpe- Baca gvowdroylas Epyov eivar Set voylCew, xal rd paxdpiov 12 diy] } Usener 76 3 dddjAos Meibom : dddjAour F - ddApAarr - lubr.cett. 5 rots (uév) Schneider: robs libri: seclusit Usener 6 éAo- pévovs] éropévous Schneider —airiav] bavraciay suspicatus est Usener 8 (kai viv) supplevit Usener 1k dtardavror GHZ: Burdforros BFPQCo 71,2 aX é» P}QCo: ddha dy B: dd FGHPIZ 4 a8 mop dua (dua H) Svra P°GHZ: du mupa paovra P'Q : Xvmvpa pa ovra B; Numupa dpa Sera BY. ad rip Bvra Fz ad rupds Gap Sera M. Casaubon: af zupis dyduuara Usener ovvertpappévoy] cure- orpaypévov Usener 6 gepspeval depsuevov Usener 7 iva Usener: day libri 8? umevavriac.. .8dSu] wqdév tmevarniav ... 66éy Meibom Cyévovras) supplevit Gassendi " 9 abr) HPQCo: abriy 9 B: atry 76 7 2B 1. FO HERODOTUS 49, liar feelings and received their peculiar impressions, natural and so each in their own way emitted air formed into seaset ey shape by each of these feelings and impressions, according feelings and to the differences made in the different nations by the places '™Pression® of their abode as well, And then later on by common con: and was sent in each nationality special names were deliberately aeeeealy given in order to make their meanings less ambiguous to dehberately one another and more briefly demonstrated. And some- New names times those who were acquainted with them brought in wea ah things hitherto unknown and introduced sounds for them, these ways on some occasions being naturally constrained to utter them, and on others choosing them by reasoning in accord- ance with the prevailing mode of formation, and thus making their meaning clear. Furthermore, the motions of the heavenly bodies and x Celestial their turnings and eclipses and risings and settings, and kin- 5. ‘Then dred phenomena to these, must not be thought to be due to causes any being who controls and ordains or has ordained them (engteane” and at the same time enjoys perfect bliss together with im- heavenly mortality (for trouble and care and anger and kindness are bodies ae not consistent with a hfe of blessedness, but these things by any 1m- come to pass where there is weakness and fear and depen- Roma blessed dence on neighbours). Nor again must we believe that (6) nor are they, which are but fire agglomerated in a mass, possess teeth blessedness, and voluntarily take upon themselves these selves movements. But we must preserve their full majestic We must not significance in all expressions which we apply to such these age conceptions, in order that there may not arise out of them derogate from opinions contrary to this notion of majesty. Otherwise oe maeety this very contradiction will cause the greatest disturbance in men’s souls. Therefore we must believe that it 1s due to the original inclusion of matter in such agglomerations during the birth-process of the world that this law of regular succession is also brought about. Furthermore, we must believe that to discover accurately 2 lhe know- the cause of the most essential facts is the function of the 28° ofthe science of nature, and that blessedness for us in the know- heavenly FGZ 10 ward Meibom : rai Itbri LI yevéoet] ovardoe: FGZ 78 1 (x6) supplevit Usener wa D 50 1, HPOZ HPOAOTON ev th mept peredpwv yodoe evraiba mentwxévar nal éy tS thes pices al Oewpotwevar xara ra peréwpa ravrl, Kat $ 80a cvyyer mpds tiv els Totro adxplBeav- tr Te ob Td mdcovaxés ev rots rotodrots elvat Kat rd evBexdpevov rat Drws twos exew, GAN dards py elvar ey adpOdpry kad paxapia pice rav didxpiow tnoBaddAdvrwv 4 Tdpaxov pnbevr 79 ai roiro xaradaBety Th Siavolg Lor atAds elvar. | 7d ey rij loroplg mearwxds rijs dvoews Kal dvarodjs Kal tpomijs wal éxrchpews xal dca avyyerh tovros pnOev ert mpds Td paxdpioy Ttijs yudoews ouvrelvew, Ad’ dSpolws Trois pdBous 5 éxew rovs radra xariddrras, tives & al ices dyvoodvras kat rives at xupudrarat alrat, cat et wh mpoopideicay Taira: tdxa be nai mrelovs, Sray TO OduBos éx Tijs ToUrwy mpocKara- vonoews pay bivyTae Thy Avow AapBdvew Kal Thy wept Tov xupwrdrev oixovoylay. di 33) Kav wAclous airlas eiploxwper lo tpom@y Kal dvcewr Kal dvarodGv Kal éxdrchpewy nal trav To.ovrotpémwy, Ganep xat ey toils ward pépos yivopévois 80 iy, | od Set vomlCew Thy dmtp rovrwy xpelav dxplBeay ph amedngevar, 80n mpos 1rd ardpaxoy xal paxdpoy jpor ouvteiver. dare mapalewpodvras tocaxds map’ hiv 7d Spowov ylverat, alriodoyntéoy inép te Tray peredpwv Kal 5 mavrds Tod ddHAov, Katappovoiyras Ty obre (7d) povaxds gxov 7} ywopevoy yrupiGdvrwy otre 7d TtAEovaxGs ovpBaivoy (ent trav) thy ex ray droornudrwy pavraclay tapadiddvrwy, ert te dyvootyrwy xai mols obk gorw drapaxrijca. Gv oty oldpeOa wat &df mos evd_exduevoy atrd ylverOar xal 10 eg ofois Suotws éoriv drapaxrfjcat, abrd ro Bre TAcovaxds ylverat yroplCorres, Somep xdv Sri G86 mws ylverar eldoper, 3 vrg. . . yooe seclusit Usener évrai6d (re) suspicatus est Usener 4 tives Z4: revi libri ovyye] avsreive Usener. (rovrois avyreives) supplevit Kochalsky 6 evdexs- wevoy Schneider: évBexonerw B: évBexonévws FHPQCo: érdexo- nevas GZ 19 4. Ti yraorws] ras yoous Usener 5 art Qdvras] xareSsras Usener 8 xal] xara Gassendi 9 xiv Usener: xai libri eipicn@pev Usener : etpioxouey hdr lo rév rowvrorpéray Meibom: rav rootrey tpdmav (spony FGHP#Z libri 12 fw Usener: § H: h libr. cett. 80 § oBre (78! Gassendi: of8@ libri (ot8é» Co) ? Se ra) supplevit Bignone : ww (r’) Usener —rapadiddvrev] xapddvrer Usener 8 ev] eri conicait Schneider 9 «ai ante 颒 ofois seclusit Usener 10 é¢* oiors FP*Z: év moiows P2QCo éorly GH : om. libr. cett. 79 I. TO HERODOTUS Bt ledge of celestial phenomena lies in this and in the bodies, &c., understanding of the nature of the existences seen in these certain and celestial phenomena, and of all else that is akin to the ourhappiness, exact knowledge requisite for our happiness: in knowing too that what occurs in several ways or is capable of being otherwise has no place here, but that nothing which suggests doubt or alarm can be included at all in that which is naturally immortal and blessed. Now this we but not the ean ascertain by our mind is absolutely the case. But knowled ge of what falls within the investigation of risings and settings causes of and turnings and eclipses, and all’that is akin to this, is no ‘t" wovene- longer of any value for the happiness which knowledge brings, but persons who have perceived all this, but yet do not know what are the natures of these things and what are the essential causes, are still in fear, just as if they did not know these things at all: indeed, their fear may be even greater, since the wonder which arises out of the observation of these things cannot discover any solution or realize the regulation of the essentials. And for this We must very reason, even if we discover several causes for turnings therefore be and settings and risings and eclipses and the like, as has sf we find been the case already in our investigation of detail, we

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