1st Set of Annotated Bibliographies

"Obsessive-compulsive disorder." World of Health. Gale, 2007. Science in

Context. Web. 2 Sept. 2015.
This article about obsessive-compulsive disorder gives the reader all of the basics on the
disorder, like its
risk factors, effects, and the drugs that can help people with the disorder. The article is an
informative article
and shows the main important facts about OCD. It also shows how patients with OCD
can be treated, and the processes they have to go through to seek and be helped. It shows
a good definition of obsessive compulsive disorder type of anxiety disorder where people
cant stop worrying about certain things and formulate compulsions from these
obsessions.
"PARKINSON'S TREATMENT COULD WORK FOR OCD, TOO." All Things
Considered 27 July 2011. Science in Context. Web. 2 Sept. 2015. This recording of an
NPR radio show, shows a radio host talking about a new
form of therapy that could potentially become a breakthrough in OCD treatment. The
treatment is called deep brain stimulation where a surgeon places wires deep in the
brain, they carry electrical impulses from an implanted device a bit like a pacemaker.
(All Things Considered). This article gives me an idea of what to research because it
shows a new way that OCD can be treated by.

2nd Set of Annotated Bibliographies

Book
Cooper, John M. Reason and Human Good in Aristotle. Cambridge,
MA: Harvard UP, 1975. Print.
Summary:
This book gives a 35 page review on the author's viewpoint on
Aristotle's ideals of reason and human good. He talks about how humans a
have a natural attachment to the people around them, and how that effects
the way we act and think. The author states that he chose not to think
critically of Aristotle's moral philosophy as a whole, but he instead
concentrated on the two main ideas Aristotle focused around. The two main
ideas were his theories of practical thinking and human flourishing. The
author goes into very deep philosophical ideas about he actions humans take
in life, and why they take them.
Database
Ross-Flanigan, Nancy, and Rebecca J. Frey. "Selective serotonin

reuptake inhibitors." The Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine. Ed. Jacqueline L.

Longe. 5th ed. Farmington Hills, MI: Gale, 2015. Science in Context. Web.
10 Sept. 2015.
Summary:
This article gives a description of selective serotonin reputake
inhibitors, which are drugs that are used to treat OCD, depression, panic
disorder, and anxiety disorders. Its purpose is to correct chemical
imbalances in the brain by reducing the re-entry of serotonin in
neurotransmitters, causing them to build up. This helps people with these
types of mental disorders because serotonin acts as a stews relieving drug
that lets people with these disorders feel a sense of relief. This shows me
how OCD, depression, anxiety disorders, and panic disorder can all be
connected.
3rd Set of Annotated Bibliographies
Database
"Antidepressants." World of Scientific Discovery. Gale, 2007. Science in Context.
Web. 15 Sept. 2015.
Summary:
This source gives a great amount of information on antidepressants and what they
do for the brain. It talks about SSRIs, the newest form of antidepressants that are
frequently used for OCD. The article also says how depression and OCD are caused by
chemical imbalances in the brain (Antidepressants). It also shows how antidepressants
correct chemical imbalances in the brain.
Application to Research:
I can use this source to not only find out more information about SSRIs and
depression, but I can also use it to find out what I should research next. I can use this
also to find similarities between OCD and depression.

Database
Strock, Margaret. "Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder." Obsessive-Compulsive
Disorder. Sept. 1996: 1-20. SIRS Government Reporter. Web. 15 Sep. 2015.

Summary:
This article shows a huge amount of information about Obsessive
Compulsive Disorder, and gives the reader enough information to fully
understand the disorder. It answers many questions that a person trying to

learn about the disorder might have. It shows things like what OCD is, how
common it is, and what are the key features of it.
Application to Research:
This article helps me come up with other questions I might have about
OCD and answers some so that I can focus my other research on more
things. I have a better understanding of OCD and can focus on the
correlation between OCD and depression.
5th Set of Annotated Bibliographies
Book
Abramowitz, Jonathan S., Dean McKay, and Steven Taylor. Clinical Handbook of
Obsessive-compulsive Disorder and Related Problems. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP,
2008. Print.
Summary:
This book gives me information on how clinical depression can interfere with the
treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. It talks about a 32-year-old patient with
OCD and depression. The patient has trouble going through therapy because of the two
coexisting disorders. It basically sums up how much harder it is for patients with OCD
and depression than just OCD or depression.
Application to Research:
This piece of data gives me more knowledge on how patients with OCD and
depression defer from the patients with only OCD or depression. The patients with OCD
and depression have a significantly easier time receiving help from therapy. I can now
Research why it is so much more difficult to see if that gives me any more data.

Book
F. S. Goes, M. G. McCusker, O. J. Bienvenu, D. F. MacKinnon, F. M.
Mondimore, B. Schweizer, J. R. DePaulo, Jr. and J. B. Potash (2012). Co-morbid anxiety
disorders in bipolar disorder and major depression: familial aggregation and clinical
characteristics of co-morbid panic disorder, social phobia, specific phobia and obsessivecompulsive disorder. Psychological Medicine, 42, pp 1449-1459.
Summary:
This book shows how mood related disorders and anxiety related disorders relate
to each other and why they do. It shows the similarities of Depression and Bipolar
Disorder comorbid with OCD patients. It shows how genetics effects the comorbidity of
these disorders as well, Conclusions Our findings suggest that co-morbidity of MDD
and BP with specific anxiety disorders (OCD, panic disorder and specific phobia) is at
least partly due to familial factors, which may be of relevance to both phenotypic and
genetic studies of co-morbidity (F.S. Goes)

Application to Research:
This book shows direct evidence to answer my research question, and can give me
info about what terms to look up and research
6th Set of Annotated Bibliographies
Article
Findings from Palacky University Yields New Data on Anxiety Disorders
(Individual correlates of self-stigma in patients with anxiety disorders with and without
comorbidities)." Mental Health Weekly Digest 17 Aug. 2015: 63. Science in Context.
Web. 30 Sept. 2015.
Summary:
This article showed how a study in Palacky University came up with new data
that showed how many people with anxiety disorders commonly have comorbid
depression or personality disorders. It also shows why many of these patients with
anxiety related disorders often have OCD, The overall level of self-stigma was
positively associated with a comorbid personality disorder, more severe symptomatology,
more intense symptoms of anxiety and depression, and higher levels of dissociation and
harm avoidance, (Palacky University).
Application to Research:
This article gives me few ways that these psychologists used to find out who had
what disorders in their study. All patients completed several psychodiagnostic methods,
ie, the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale, Temperament and Character
Inventory-Revised Version, Adult Dispositional Hope Scale, Dissociative Experiences
Scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition, and Clinical
Global Impression (also completed by the senior psychiatrist), (Palacky). It also shows
me how OCD and Depression together can cause self stigma issues.
Book
American Psychiatric Association. "Depression." Diagnostic and Statistical
Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-5. 5th ed. Arlington: American Psychiatric
Association, 2013. 372-78. Print.
Summary:
The DSM-5 is the mandated guidelines psychologists and psychiatrists currently
use to diagnose mental disorders. It classifies every mental disorder known to us at this
time, and gives criteria for mental problems to be classified as disorders. It also gives a
great amount of information about these disorders, and how they can affect peoples daily
lives. This manual was written by some of the top psychologists in the U.S. and is the
most up-to-date manual for diagnostic purposes. The section on depression shows the
different forms of depression, the symptoms of depression, and what disorders appear
commonly with depression.

Application to Research:
This manual gives me most of the information I need to know on how to classify
these disorders. It also shows me how disorders relate to each other. It shows how
depression is very common in anxiety disorders, especially in OCD. It also shows how
depression is diagnosed and treated.
Statistic (Non-Print)
"Brain and depression." The Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine. Ed. Jacqueline L.
Longe. 5th ed. Farmington Hills, MI: Gale, 2015. Science in Context. Web. 13 Oct. 2015.

Summary:
This source shows me what part of the brain Depression effects. This source does
not have that much information but the information presented is needed. This source
shows how the size of the Subgenual prefrontal cortex is larger in people with depression.
Application to Research:
This source shows me how the brain is changed with Depression. This can give
me a way to compare the brain with Depression to the brain with OCD, and possible
both. I now know what I must look up next to find out how the brain with OCD is
changed.
7 Set of Annotated Bibliographies
th

Clinical Study
Pallanti, Stefano et al. ObsessiveCompulsive Disorder Comorbidity: Clinical
Assessment and Therapeutic Implications. Frontiers in Psychiatry 2 (2011): 70. PMC.
Web. 19 Oct. 2015.
Summary:
This article explains why and how OCD is often presented with comorbid
disorders. It provides data that proves the statements the article makes. In the last
years, there has been another important paradigm shift, including other
neurotransmittorial systems in the putative pathophysiological mechanisms underlying
OCD, such as dopamine, glutamate, noradrenaline, and GABA. This leads to the crucial
hypothesis that OCD may be an etiologically heterogeneous condition, therefore being
affected by a wide spectrum of comorbidities. (Pallanti). This quote itself shows me
why Depression is common with patients that have OCD. It is not only because they are
similar chemically, but because OCD is already a disorder that is frequently accompanied
with other mental disorders.

Application to Research:
This article shows me that OCD is a disorder that is frequently accompanied with
other disorders, which is why Depression is prevalent often times with it. There is also
information about other different disorders that OCD is often accompanied by.
Medical Article
Ravindran, Arun V., PhD, and Lakshmi N. Ravindran, MD. "Depression and
Comorbid Anxiety: An Overview of Pharmacological Options: Page 5 of 5." Depression
and Comorbid Anxiety: An Overview of Pharmacological Options: Page 1 of 5. N.p., n.d.
Web. 19 Oct. 2015.
Summary:
This article that is written by two doctors gives the reader their opinion on good
ways to treat patients with OCD comorbid depression. Research data and clinical
experience suggest that depression comorbid with anxiety disorders may show less robust
response to both pharmacotherapy and psychosocial interventions and may lead to more
residual symptoms and increased vulnerability to relapse, (Lakshmi). This shows that
depression comorbid with anxiety, including OCD, is more difficult to treat by prescribed
drugs, and social related therapy than if the patient has only OCD or depression. This also
shows that these patients are also more likely to start seeing symptoms again, even after
they have been better for a long period of time.
Application to Research:
This article is a great resource for me to use to understand the treatment of OCD
comorbid Depression. This shows the difficulties presented in cases where the patient is
comorbid with Depression, and I can understand why from the data I have researched
already.
Video (Non-print)
Paul, Bogdan. "How Do Antidepressants Work ?" YouTube. YouTube, n.d. Web.
19 Oct. 2015.
Summary:
This video shows how antidepressants affect the brains neurotransmitters in a
way that makes it possible for it to work properly. This video includes images and graphs
that show the physical way that antidepressants work. This is also narrated and the
narrator gives a good and brief description about antidepressants and how they change
the brains chemistry. It also shows how the brain looks when it is depressed and how
they look when the antidepressants start to help the brain function properly.
Application to Research:
This video does not provide much information that I did not know already before,
but it does give me a visual insight into how the neurotransmitters are affected by
antidepressants. This gives me a way to understand the brain more and remember how
antidepressants work better because of the visual the video shows.

8 Set of Annotated Bibliographies

th

Article
Canavera, K. E., Ollendick, T. H., May, J. T. E., & Pincus, D. B. (2010). Clinical
Correlates of Comorbid ObsessiveCompulsive Disorder and Depression in Youth. Child
Psychiatry and Human Development, 41, 583-594.
Summary:
This source provides me a great research study on the differences in adolescents
with OCD and adolescents with OCD and Depression. This study used many widely
used psychiatric diagnosis tests to figure out the similarities and differences in stress,
family life, and anxiety in patients with OCD and patients with OCD and Depression.
From their results, they were able to tell that adolescents with OCD and depression tend
to have higher social anxiety, and internalizing problems than patients with only OCD.
This shows the reasons why these patients with OCD probably developed depression,
because of the effects of their Obsessive Compulsive Disorder on them.
Application to Research:
This source is one of the most useful sources I have found so far. This is a direct
correlation to my topic and helps me out with the psychological effects of both OCD and
depression together. I can now figure out what therapeutic methods prove useful to me
and what I must research to figure them out.

Article
"Depression (major Depressive Disorder)." Depression (major Depression) Causes.
Mayo Clinic, n.d. Web. 02 Nov. 2015.
Summary:
This source shows the causes of depression. It shows a direct cause biologically
of depression that is still being researched today, Neurotransmitters are naturally
occurring brain chemicals that likely play a role in depression. Recent research indicates
that changes in the function and effect of these neurotransmitters and how they interact
with neurocircuits involved in maintaining mood stability may play a significant role in
depression and its treatment. (Mayo Clinic) This shows that neurotransmitters play a
key role in the cause of depression, which is very similar to OCD. Researchers are also
trying to find out what makes depression genetic, which is the same theory researchers
are studying in OCD.
Application to Research:
This article gives me a good base of depression that I can compare to OCD. It also shows
me the similarities that depression has with OCD. Now I need to research the similar symptoms
of OCD and Depression.

Article
"Obsessive-compulsive Disorder (OCD)." Causes. Mayo Clinic, n.d. Web. 02 Nov. 2015.
Summary:
This source, much like my Depression Causes source, shows the causes of
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. These include biological causes and environmental

causes. Much like depression, OCD also is thought to be genetic, and researchers right
now are trying to figure out proof that can show these specific genes.
Application to Research:
This source gives me the main causes of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, and I
can compare these to the causes of Depression, to see if their are any similarities between
the two. I can already see that the biology of the two are very similar, and they are both
likely to be genetically predisposed.
10th Set of Annotated Bibliographies
Franklin ME, Sapyta J, Freeman JB, et al. Cognitive Behavior Therapy
Augmentation of Pharmacotherapy in Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: The
Pediatric OCD Treatment Study II (POTS II) Randomized Controlled Trial.
Summary:
This experiment consisted of a 12 week controlled trial conducted at 3 academic
medical centers, and involved 124 pediatric outpatients with OCD. The patients were
assigned 1of 3 treatments that included 7 sessions over a period of 12 weeks. These
sessions were: 1) 42 in the medication management only 2 )42 in the medication
management plus Cognitive Behavioral Therapy 3) 14 concurrent CBT sessions. The
purpose of this experiment was to see whether patients responded positively to treatment
by demonstrating a better score on the baseline OCD scale. The result was that
medication management plus CBT strategy was better than the other two in all outcome
measures.
Application to Research:
This experiment shows me that the use of SRIs in OCD patients is not as effective
as using it with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. This shows that SSRIs may not be as
effective as I thought they were. I now know a good way to treat OCD, and can use this
in finding a better way to treat OCD and Depression.
"March J." Fluoxetine, Cognitive-behavioral Therapy, and Their Combination for
Adolescents With... Europe PubMed Central, n.d. Web. 24 Nov. 2015.
Summary:
The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effectiveness of four
treatments for patients with major depressive disorder. The participants consisted of a
sample of 439 patients between the ages of 12-17, who were diagnosed with major
depressive disorder. The four treatment methods used included: 1) fluoxetine alone 2)
CBT alone 3) CBT with fluoxetine 4) placebo. Fluoxetine is a SSRI antidepressant. The
results showed that the combination of fluoxetine with CBT was significantly significant.
Application to Research:

This experiment shows me that not only does the treatment of OCD include CBT
and SSRIs, but so does treatment of Depression. Both this experiment and POTS II
shows me that the best treatment for OCD and Depression is CBT and SSRIs. The SSRI
will not only relieve the OCD but also the Depression.

"Causes of OCD." Causes of OCD. Psychology Today, n.d. Web. 24 Nov. 2015.
Summary:
This article shows more in depth the causes of Obsessive-compulsive Disorder. It
shows that the biological predisposition, environmental factors, and faulty thought
patterns may result in OCD. This article also shows that many OCD patients respond to
SSRI antidepressants, which suggests that somewhere in the serotonin neurotransmitter
system there may be some sort of dysfunction. It also says that research suggests that
there may be genetic defects in other chemical messenger systems in the brain.
Application to Research:
This article shows me that OCD is caused by biological predispositions,
environmental factors, and faulty thought patterns. This information can give me more
ways I can compare or differentiate OCD and Depression. It also shows me that there
may be dysfunction in the serotonin neurotransmitter system.
11th Set of Annotated Bibliographies
Article
"Reports from E.S. Ercan et al Highlight Recent Findings in ObsessiveCompulsive Disorders (A Promising Preliminary Study of Aripiprazole for TreatmentResistant Childhood Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder)." Mental Health Weekly Digest 19
Oct. 2015: 830. Science in Context. Web. 10 Dec. 2015.
Summary:
This article is based on a new report on Obsessive-compulsive Disorder.
Recently, a group of Rx journalists stated that Obsessive-compulsive Disorder is
generally treated with SSRIs and/or clomipramine, and with CBT, but about half the
patients of OCD are treatment resistant. More than 80% of these kids had other
psychiatric disorders as well. A group of investigators performed a study on a group of
kids who were resistant to OCD treatment, to show the affect of Aripiprazole on patients
with OCD. This study proved Aripiprazole as a reliable single agent in these cases.
Application to Research:
This article raises new questions about OCD. In this article, it concludes that

Aripiprazole is effective on patients that suffer from OCD but do not respond from
treatment with CBT and SSRIs. This article also points out the fact that SSRIs and CBT
only work on about half of the patients with OCD. This article also shows me that the
majority of people who do not respond well to SSRIs and CBT also have another
comorbid disorder as well. This raises questions to how well patients with depression
react with Aripiprazole and how that compares to patients with SSRIs.
Article
"New Findings from Department of Psychiatry in Obsessive-Compulsive
Disorders Provides New Insights (Regional homogeneity of spontaneous brain activity in
adult patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder before and after cognitive
behavioural ...)." Mental Health Weekly Digest 7 Dec. 2015: 134.
Science in Context. Web. 10 Dec. 2015.
Summary:
This article shows a study in which patients with OCDs brains were scanned for
changes in regional homogeneity (ReHo). The study also looked at a control groups
ReHo for base data. These researchers looked at the ReHo activity before and after
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. Before the CBT, these OCD patients experiences higher
levels of ReHo in the right orbitofrontal cortex, bilateral middle fro ntal cortex, right
precuneus, left cerebellum, and vermis, as well as lower ReHo in the bilateral caudate,
right calcarine, right posterior cingulate cortex, and right middle temporal cortex. After
CBT, not only did improvement take place in the lives of OCD patients, but also the
ReHo levels went down in the right OFC, bilateral middle frontal cortex, left cerebellum
and vermis, and increased ReHo in the left caudate. They also said that improvement of
symptoms was greatly correlated with the changes ReHo in the right OFC and the left
cerebellum.
Application to Research:
This article shows to me that in OCD, there is a major increase of regional
homogeneity in the brain, especially in the right orbitofrontal cortex, bilateral middle fro
ntal cortex, right precuneus, left cerebellum, and vermis, as well as lower ReHo in the
bilateral caudate, right calcarine, right posterior cingulate cortex, and right middle
temporal cortex. I can now do research on these regions of the brain, and what they do to
help the brain function. This also shows that the right OFC and left cerebellum also have
significant impact in how OCD effects the brain. This article can also help me prove that
CBT is the best choice of therapy for patients with OCD and depression.
Journal
Levine, Bruce E. "Depression treatment: what works and how we know."
Skeptic [Altadena, CA] 17.2 (2012): 23+. Science in Context. Web. 10 Dec. 2015.
Summary:
This article, right off the bat, shows that debunking myths about current

depression treatments can be troubling. There are theories that without faith that an
antidepressant medication, the patient will not see any positive results. Many people see
that they are no better than placebos themselves. This shows five common beliefs about
the treatment of depression which include:
1. Antidepressants Are More Effective Than Placebos
2. If the First Antidepressant Fails, Another Antidepressant Will Likely Succeed
3. Electroconvulsive Treatment (ECT) Is An Effective Last Resort
4.Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) Is The Best Psychotherapy for Depression
5. No Treatment For Depression Works (Skeptic)
The author then goes into depth about these beliefs, and shows the real facts about them.
He doesnt come up with definite answers to these, but he does include facts that suggest
the right answer.

Application to Research:
This journal shows me that treatment of Depression is mostly psychological, and
not as much neurological. In fact, there is a debate whether antidepressants even help
patients with Depression at all. This article also shows me that CBT as effective as
numerous other psychotherapies, and does not help patients any greater. This article does
raise questions though, whether Depression treatment with antidepressants or without
proves more successful.
12th Set of Annotated Bibliographies
Article
"Findings from McLean Hospital Update Knowledge of Affective Disorders
(Transdiagnostic mechanisms in depression and anxiety: The role of rumination and
attentional control)." Mental Health Weekly Digest 7 Dec. 2015: 82. Science in Context.
Web. 16 Dec. 2015.
Summary:
In this Article, it is reported that according to NewsRx journalists, research stated
Deficits in attentional control have been hypothesized to cause rumination, suggesting
that the relationships between attentional control and clinical symptoms may be mediated
in part by rumination. However, to date, no clinical study has examined these constructs
transdiagnostically in a path analysis model." (McLean Hospital). This means that

rumination can play a key factor in Depression and Anxiety. This was discovered
through a study in which 51 adults with anxiety and depression. This study also showed
that meditational rumination could possibly help anxiety and depression.
Application to Research:
This article helps me better understand how to treat anxiety, which is the root of
OCD, and depression. I learned from this what rumination is and how it can be good and
bad for mental health. This also gives me a good resource, NewsRX, that I can use in the
future.
Magazine
Duff, Katherine. "A holistic approach to mood disorders." Townsend Letter Oct.
2015: 93+. Science in Context. Web. 16 Dec. 2015.
Summary:
This magazine article shows how Holistic Solutions for Anxiety and Depression
in Therapy, a book by Peter Bongiorno, can be avaluable tool for alternative and
conventional psysicians. The investigation crosses several methods in conventional
medicine involving endocrinology, gastroenterology, neurology, and psychiatry. This is
basically showing patients that have a tough time with conventional methods how they
can be treated alternatively.
Application to Research:
This magazine article shows me how alternatively Anxiety and Depression. This
could go along with patients with OCD and depression, because many times, the
treatment methods dont work. This also gives me some statistics on OCD and
Depression.
Magazine
Klotter, Jule. "Cytokines, inflammation, and depression." Townsend Letter Oct.
2015: 20. Science in Context. Web. 16 Dec. 2015.
Summary:
This magazine article shows that Chronic inflammation and infection can be an
underlying cause of depression and anxiety in some people. It shows that Cytokines, the
chemicals that control immune cells and amplify immune response, also affect the brain
and cause behavioral changes. This article also lists the several studies in which this
information was discovered.
Application to Research:
This article gives me information on why OCD and Depression may be caused.
This makes me wonder, if there can be a way to prevent anxiety and Depression beforehand. There are also other studies in this article that I can look up for my research.