CU HI THC HNH IN T CNG SUT

I. Chnh lu khng iu khin

1. Nu iu kin dn dng ca diode v cc thng s c bn chn diode cho mt mch chnh
lu?
iu kin dn dng ca diode
Diode ch dn in theo mt chiu t anode sang cathode. Theo nguyn l dng in chy t ni c
in th cao n ni c in th thp, mun c dng in qua diode theo chiu t ni c in th cao
n ni c in th thp, cn phi t anode mt in th cao hn cathode. Khi ta c UAK > 0 v
ngc chiu vi in p tip xc (U TX). Nh vy mun c dng in qua diode th in trng do U AK
sinh ra phi mnh hn in trng tip xc, tc l: U AK >UTX. Khi mt phn ca in p U AK dng
cn bng vi in p tip xc (khong 0.6V), phn cn li dng to dng in thun qua diode.
Khi UAK > 0, ta ni diode phn cc thun v dng in qua diode lc gi l dng in thun
(thng c k hiu l I F tc IFORWARD hoc ID tc IDIODE). Dng in thun c chiu t anode sang
cathode.
Khi UAK cn bng vi in p tip xc th diode tr nn dn in rt tt, tc l in tr ca diode
lc rt thp (khong vi chc Ohm). Do vy phn in p to ra dng in thun thng nh
hn nhiu so vi phn in p dng cn bng vi U TX. Thng thng phn in p dng cn
bng vi UTX cn khong 0.6V v phn in p to dng thun khong 0.1V n 0.5V ty theo dng
thun vi chc mA hay ln n vi Ampere. Nh vy gi tr ca UAK c dng qua diode khong
0.6V n 1.1V. Ngng 0.6V l ngng diode bt u dn v khi U AK = 0.7V th dng qua Diode
khong vi chc mA.

Cc thng s c bn ca mt diode
C rt nhiu loi diode, v tt c cc loi diode ch cho php chy qua khi c phn cc
thun, v chn dng chy khi c phn cc ngc. S khc nhau cc diode c th thy
cc thng s in c lit k cc trang s liu v diode. in p ngc lp li nh hay i
khi gi l in p ngc nh (PIV), v dng thun trung bnh l hai thng s quan trng nht
khi s dng diode.

in p ngc ln nht m diode b nh thng, Ungmax (UBR). L gi tr in p ln nht cho

php t ln diode. Khi s dng cn m bo ti bt k thi im no in p ngc trn diode khng
ln hn Ungmax . Trong thc t phi m bo mt d tr nht nh v in p, ngha l phi chn
diode c thng s Ungmax t nht bng 1,2 n 2 ln gi tr bin in p ln nht t trn diode tnh
ton c trn s . Lu rng thng s ny cng chnh l thng s nh mc PIV. Thng s in p
ngc c th c cc loi diode trong khong t 5V n 2000V.

Gi tr trung bnh ca dng in cho php qua diode, ID (IF). y l dng trung bnh cho php
chy qua diode vi iu kin nhit ca cu trc tinh th bn dn khng vt qu mt gi tr cho
php. Trong thc t dng in trung bnh qua diode ph thuc vo cc iu kin lm mt v nhit
mi trng. Cng sut pht nhit s bng tch ca dng in chy qua diode vi in p ri trn n. V
vy dng trung bnh l mt tham s quan trng chn diode. Mc dng thun ln nht trong khong
t vi mA n trn 1000A

Dng in nh (IFSM) l bin ln nht ca xung dng thun ln nht m diode c th chu
ng c. Gi tr in hnh l t 10-30 ln ln hn thng s dng thun trung bnh. V d, mt diode
c mc dng thun trung bnh l 12A th c th c mc xung dng thun nh l 250A.

in p ri trn diode khi phn cc thun UF l mc st p ln nht ngang qua diode khi c
phn cc thun. Mc st p in hnh ngang qua diode silic khi c phn cc thun l 0,7V; tuy
nhin, cc trng thi dng cao hn, mc st p c th cao hn ng k. Thng thng, st p thun
ln nht cho theo mc dng thun trung bnh ln nht (I0).
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Dng ngc (IR) l mc dng r ln nht chy qua diode khi c phn cc ngc. Dng
ngc b nh hng ln do nhit lm vic ca diode.

Thi gian phc hi ngc (trr) l khong thi gian cn thit diode ngng dn khi diode
c chuyn sang phn cc ngc. Thi gian phc hi ngc l thng s quan trng c bit i vi
cc diode chuyn mch tc cao.

2. Nu cc loi cu hnh b chnh lu v linh kin s dng tng ng?

Cc loi mch chnh lu:
Mch chnh lu tia 1 pha

S mch chnh lu tia 1 pha

Mch chnh lu tia 2 pha

S mch chnh lu tia 2 pha

Mch chnh lu tia 3 pha

S mch chnh lu tia 3 pha

Mch chnh lu cu 1 pha

S mch chnh lu cu mt pha

 Mch chnh lu cu 3 pha

S mch chnh lu cu 3 pha

Mch chnh lu tia 6 pha

S mch chnh lu tia 6 pha

3. Chnh lu theo s hnh tia l g? Chnh lu theo s hnh cu l g?
Trong chnh lu theo s hnh tia mi pha c ni ti mt diode, trong mi thi im ch
c mt diode dn. Chnh lu theo s hnh cu mi thi im c t nht hai diode dn
4. So snh v gii thch dng sng in p chnh lu ca 4 loi s chnh lu hnh tia mt pha:
ti tr khng c diode Zero, ti tr c diode Zero, ti cm c khng diode Zero v ti cm c
diode Zero (Hnh 2.1.d)?
5. Trong s chnh lu cu 3 pha (hnh 2.5.a), so snh gi tr nh ca in p chnh lu vi
gi tr nh ca in p pha ca tng pha? (B qua mi tn tht trong mch).
II.

Cc mch pht xung v iu khin khng ng b SCR, Triac.

6. Nu iu kin dn dng ca SCR v cc thng s c bn chn SCR cho mt mch chnh
lu?
7. Nu iu kin dn dng ca Triac v cc thng s c bn chn Triac?
8. So snh SCR v Triac: cu to, nguyn l hot ng, phm vi ng dng?

+ Khi khng c dng iu khin, c SCR v Triac u khng dn trong iu kin in p

cn
trong
mc
cho
php.
+ Khi c dng iu khin, nu SCR c phn cc thun (in dng t vo Anode,
in m t vo cathode) th s dn. Triac d phn cc thun hay phn cc ngc cng
dn. SCR ch b tc ng vi dng iu khin dng. Cn Triac c th b kch vi c dng
dng
ln
dng
m
+ Khi SCR v Triac dn, n s tip tc dn, d dng iu khin khng cn. N ch
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ngng khi dng in i qua n gim xung gn 0, hay in p hai u n gim xung
gn 0.

Cu to
Nguyn l hot ng

Phm vi ng dng

Triac

SCR

5 lp bn dn

4 lp bn dn

Khi cc G v A2 c in Th m so vi A1
th Triac m, dng chy t A1 sang A2
Khi cc G v A2 c in th dng so vi
A1 th Triac m, dng chy t A2 sang A1
Khi cc G h th Triac khng dn

Khi cha c in p UGK vo cc iu

khin, cho d UAK >0 TiRixto cng khng
dn
Khi UAK>0 v UGK>0 Th SCR dn c
chiu t Anot (A) sang katot (K)
SCR s ngng dn khi UAK<0

dng iu khin cc thit b in xoay

chiu

9. Trong trng hp iu khin SCR v Triac, iu khin khng ng b l g?

10. Trong trng hp iu khin SCR v Triac, iu khin ng b l g?
11. Nu chc nng ca t C1, diode D1 v D2 trong mch Transformer Isolator khi pht xung
v cch ly hnh 3.1?
12. Trong s iu khin khng ng b Triac vi ngun AC trn ti (hnh 3.10), Triac dn
trong my bn k? Ti sao?
13. C cn duy tr xung iu khin cho SCR v Triac khi hot ng mch ti DC khng? Ti
sao?
III.Cc mch pht xung iu khin ng b SCR, Triac.
14. Trong mch to xung iu khin dng UJT hnh 4.1, xung to ra ti TP6 mt bn k hay c
hai bn k ca p vo?
15. Trong mch iu khin SCR dng UJT hnh 4.4, ch to mt xung kch bn k dng cho
SCR, cn ti cu trc mch nh th no?
16. Trong mch iu khin ng b SCR hnh 4.6, thay xung kch vo SCR t OUT1 sang
OUT3 th SCR c dn khng? Ti sao?
17. Trong mch iu khin ng b SCR hnh 4.6, khi o ngc in p AC cp vo s iu
khin ng b v trn ti R th SCR c dn khng? Ti sao?
18. Trong mch iu khin ng b Triac hnh 4.8, thay xung kch vo Triac t OUT1 sang
OUT3 th Triac c dn khng? Ti sao?
IV. Mch chnh lu 1 pha c iu khin
19. Nu chc nng ca mch chnh lu c iu khin?
20. Gc kch ti hn l g?
21. Trong s iu khin ton phn vi ti R hnh 6.11, mun iu khin mt ng c DC c U
= 220 V, I = 2 A th cn thay i mch nh th no?
22. Tnh lin tc hoc gin on ca dng qua ti RL ca b chnh lu cu mt pha ph thuc vo
cc yu t no?
23. Trong hnh 6.11, o v tr xung kch t OUT1 sang OUT2, OUT3 sang OUT4 c khng?
Ti sao?
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V. Mch chnh lu tia 2 pha, 3 pha, 6 pha v cu 3 pha c iu khin

24. im chuyn mch t nhin l g? Gc iu khin ti hn l g?
Trn th, cc im 1, 2 ,3, 4 m ti cc ng in p pha ct
nhau, gi l cc im chuyn mch t nhin. Ti cc im chuyn mch t nhin mt diode mi
s dn dng, diode dn dng trc t nhin kha li.

Ranh gii gia dng in lin tc v dng din gin on gi l ti hn, gc iu khin tng
ng gi l gc iu khin ti hn
25. Trong s hnh 7.2B, khi gc kch > 30 0 th dng in qua ti R lin tc hay gin on?
Ti sao?
26. Trong s hnh 7.3B, xc nh dng sng dng in bng dao ng k nh th no?
u tin mc mch ch c ti R khng c ti L. Dng dao ng k o v xc nh dng sng
dng in xc nh im ti hn. Sau khi xc nh c im ti hn, mc thm ti L vo
mch, dng dao ng k o v v li dng sng.
27. Trong cc s chnh lu, lm th no dng v p c phng, n nh?
dng v p c phng cn mc thm t lc ti ng ra. Khi in p DC thp t s phng in
b li in p mt trong mt thi gian nht nh v khi in p DC cao hn in p hai cc ca t, t s
np in. C nh vy in p DC c san bng phng hn.

28. Trong s hnh 7.5B, thay i v tr xung kch t OUT1 sang OUT3 th dng sng p ra
nh th no?
VI.

Mch bin i in p xoay chiu 1 pha, 3 pha

29. Nu chc nng v ng dng ca b bin i in p AC?
30. Dng qua linh kin trong b bin i in p AC b ngt do nguyn nhn no?
31. Trong s hnh 9.6, mch hoat ng tng t, thay Triac bng linh kin no?
32. Trong s hnh 9.10, mun iu khin mt ng c khng ng b 3 pha c P m = 1/2 HP,
Um = 380 V, Im = 1,6 A th cn thay i mch nh th no?
33. Thit k mt mch iu khin qut trn chy nhiu tc vi Um = 220, P = 80W?

VII. Mch bin i ngun DC DC cng sut

34. Nu chc nng ca b iu chnh in p kiu gim p?
35. Mch phn hi c tc dng g? Khi no cn s dng?
36. Trong s hnh 10.2, nu chc nng ca cc bin tr P1, P2, P3? Chc nng ca t C1, C2?
37. Trong s hnh 10.3, nu chc nng ca MOSFET? in p ng ra c iu khin bng
phng php no?
38. So snh rng xung ca ti v rng xung iu khin MOSFET?
39. Nu cc ng dng b DC DC cng sut trong thc t?
VIII. Mch bin tn
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40. Bin tn l g? Nu cc ng dng ca bin tn trong thc t? Bin tn thng kt hp vi thit

b no iu khin ng c trong cng nghip?
Bin tn l thit b bin i ngun in c in p v tn s c nh khng th chnh
c, thnh ngun in c in p v tn s chnh c theo yu cu s dng nng
lng.
Nguyn l hot ng ca bin tn
Nguyn l c bn lm vic ca b bin tn cng kh n gin. u tin, ngun in
xoay chiu 1 pha hay 3 pha c chnh lu v lc thnh ngun 1 chiu bng phng.
Cng on ny c thc hin bi b chnh lu cu diode v t in. Nh vy, h s
cng sut cosphi ca h bin tn u c gi tr khng ph thuc vo ti v c gi tr
t nht 0.96. in p mt chiu ny c bin i (nghch lu) thnh in p xoay
chiu 3 pha i xng. Cng on ny hin nay c thc hin thng qua h IGBT
(transistor lng cc c cng cch ly) bng phng php iu ch rng xung
(PWM). Nh tin b ca cng ngh vi x l v cng ngh bn dn lc hin nay, tn
s chuyn mch xung c th ln ti di tn s siu m nhm gim ting n cho ng
c v gim tn tht trn li st ng c.

H thng in p xoay chiu 3 pha u ra c th thay i gi tr bin v tn s

v cp tu theo b iu khin. Theo l thuyt, gia tn s v in p c mt quy lut
nht nh tu theo ch iu khin. i vi ti c m men khng i, t s in p tn s l khng i. Tuy vy vi ti bm v qut, quy lut ny li l hm bc 4. in
p l hm bc 4 ca tn s. iu ny to ra c tnh m men l hm bc hai ca tc
ph hp vi yu cu ca ti bm/qut do bn thn m men cng li l hm bc
hai ca in p.
Hiu sut chuyn i ngun ca cc b bin tn rt cao v s dng cc b linh
kin bn dn cng sut c ch to theo cng ngh hin i. Nh vy, nng lng
tiu th xp x bng nng lng yu cu bi h thng.
Ngoi ra, bin tn ngy nay tch hp rt nhiu kiu iu khin khc nhau ph
hp hu ht cc loi ph ti khc nhau. Ngy nay bin tn c tch hp c b PID v
thch hp vi nhiu chun truyn thng khc nhau, rt ph hp cho vic iu khin
v gim st trong h thng SCADA.
ng dng ca bin tn
1. Ph ti c m mem thay i (iu ha trung tm, bm cp nc, bm qut
mt,... ).
2. ng c lun chy non ti m khng th thay ng c c th phi lp thm bin
tn.
3. -Ngnh Giy Bao b (My Xeo Giy, My Ct)
-Ngnh Xi Mng Thp Ha Cht
-Ngnh Nha ( My p, My Thi, My n, Trng Mng)
6

-Ngnh Dt Si Nhum
-Ngnh Thc Phm & Dc Phm
-Ngnh Nc v Nc Thi
-Ngnh lnh, HVAC
-Ngnh G
-Thang my Cn Trc

41. Nu cc loi bin tn theo s pha, cu trc, phng php iu khin, loi ngun?
42. Bin tn ngun dng l g? Bin tn ngun p l g?
43. i vi bin tn gin tip, khi no s dng mch chnh lu c iu khin, khi no s dng
mch chnh lu khng iu khin?
44. i vi bin tn gin tip, ti sao khi nghch lu s dng SCR c s dng t chuyn mch?
45. Nu u v khuyt im ca bin tn kiu 6 bc v bin tn kiu PWM?
46. Nu chc nng ca khi DC DC converter trong mch bin tn kiu 6 bc hnh 11.5? Nu
khng s dng khi ny th cc thng s trn ti c thay i khng? Ti sao?
47. Tn s in p ng ra trong mch bin tn kiu 6 bc hnh 11.5 thay i bng cch no?
48. Mi qua h gia tn s v in p V/f trong mch bin tn kiu 6 bc hnh 11.5 thay i nh
th no? Ti sao?
49. Trong mch bin tn kiu PWM, tn s v in p ng ra thay i bng cch no?
50. Trong mch bin tn kiu PWM hnh 12.1, khi nghch lu s dng SCR c khng? Ti
sao?
--------------------------------------------------Ht----------------------------------------------------

NI DUNG BO CO THC HNH IN T CNG SUT

A. Tr li 50 cu hi nh km.
B. Nu cc ng dng trong thc t lin quan ti in t cng sut (hnh thc
t, s mch, nguyn l hot ng..)?
C. Gii thch nguyn l hot hot ng ca 1 loi bin tn: ABB, Siemens,
Omron, Panasonic, Lenz, JPS, Mitshubishi, Toshiba, Fuji, Hitachi,..(s
khi, s kt ni, 15 thng s ci t, cc bc iu khin.
Download ti liu hng dn bng ting Anh trn internet dch v bin
tp li)