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1
( 1)
.
1.
1.1 -
1.2
1.2.1
1.2.2.
1.3
1.3.1
1.3.2
1.3.3
1.3.4 RAID
1.3.5
1.3.6
1.3.7
, .
.
2
. .
3
1. :
(Dinamic Random Access
Memory - DRAM) (Static Random Access Memory - SRAM) .
,
, ( -) SRAM,
DRAM-.
2.
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t ( ) V
( - ).
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133 (5,25")
89 (3,5")
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1000 1600 1000 1600
720
1200 720 1440
231
233 380 343 558
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3,8
3,8
5,3
5,3
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100 100 65
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Pentium Pentium Pro -
, Pentium - 8 , Pentium Pro
256 - 512 .
, -
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.
. (Dinamic
Random Access Memory - DRAM) (Static Random Access Memory - SRAM) .
,
, ( -) SRAM,
DRAM-.
(RAM - Random Access Memory -
) (ROM - Read-Only Memory) .
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;
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(Dual In-line Package - ) SIP
(Single In-line Package - ), , , SIMM (Single In line
Memory Module - ). SIMM
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; 30- ("") 72-("") ,
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(UMA - Upper Memory Area).
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XMS ( - eXtended Memory Area);
EMS ( -Expanded Memory).
XMS (eXtended Memory Specification)
(extended Memory Manager).
, ,
, Extended
, Expanded , .
EMS (Expanded Memory Specification) . Co
Expanded Memory .
, , . ,
EMS, , Expanded Memory
(EM) .
EMM386.EXE (Expanded Memory Manager)
QEMM.
.
() .
64- 1024 1088
( , : - High Memory Area),
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Many - - );
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1.
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1,2; 1,44
65-100
150
/
250-4000
8-20
500-3000
/
20-230
20
500-2000
/
Floptical
20,8
65
100-300
/
VHD
120-240
65
200-600
/
CD-ROM
250-1500
15-300
150-1500
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120-1000
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150-1500
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128-1300
15-150
300-1000
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SS/SD - (Single Sides), (Single Density);
SS/DD - , (Double Density);
DS/SD - (Double Sides), ;
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.
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(IBM, 1973 .), 30 30 ,
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1995 .:
5000 ( 1995 .-850 );
7200 ./;
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5,25" (133 ) 1,8" (45 ). 25
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30%.
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, (physical, low-level formatting).
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.
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,
.
AT Attachment (ATA),
Integrated Device Electronics (IDE), 1988 . IBM PC/AT,
504 (
" - - ": 16 * 1024
* 63 * 512 = 504 = 528 482 304 )
5-10 /.
Fast ATA-2 Enhanced IDE (EIDE), (
) , ,
(Logic Block Address LBA), 2500
16 /. EIDE
, CD-ROM, . BIOS EIDE
.
ATA ATA-2
Small Computer System Interface ( ): SCSI SCSI-2.
: ( Fast Wide SCSI-2
SCSI-3 40 /),
( 7 .) . :
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CD - .
"-". CD-ROM "-"
.
.
CD-ROM 250 1,5
, 30 300 ,
150 1500 /.
- (CD-R - CD Recordable)
(CD-E - CD Erasable) ,
, 1996 . CD
;
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CD-ROM.
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( WORM - Continuous Composite Write Once
Read Many) ,
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20,8 ;
(VHD - Very High Density) -
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t=0,001 - 0,004
-
t=0,002 - 0,005
- t=0,07 - 0,1
t=0,07 - 0,2
-
t=7-30
V=500-3000 /
t=50-100
CD-ROM
-
V=40-100 /
t=15-300
V=150-1500 /
. : - , - , - , ;
1 = 103 =106 =109-.