Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
&ODVVLILFDWLRQRI(OHFWULF0RWRUVa(OHFWULFDO.QRZKRZ
+RPH
3')&RXUVHV
(OHFWULFDO&RXUVHV
'RZQORDG/LEUDU\
6L]LQJ0(3(TXLSPHQW
,QVSHFWLRQ&RXUVHV
4XL]DQG$QVZHU
)ROORZ8VRQ
6HDUFK
&ODVVLILFDWLRQRI(OHFWULF0RWRUV
(/(&75,&$//,%5$5<
(OHFWULFDO'HVLJQ&ULWHULD
(OHFWULFDO:RUNV0HWKRG6WDWHPHQWV
0DQXIDFWXUHUV/LVWVIRU(OHFWULFDO
3URGXFWV
(OHFWULFDO'UDZLQJ'HWDLOV
,QWKHSUHYLRXVWRSLF(OHFWULFDO0RWRUV%DVLF&RPSRQHQWV,H[SODLQHGWKHFRQVWUXFWLRQDQGEDVLF
FRPSRQHQWVRIWKHPDLQPRWRUW\SHVRIPRWRUV$&DQG'&PRWRUV
7RGD\,ZLOOH[SODLQWKHGLIIHUHQWW\SHVLQHOHFWULFPRWRUVZRUOGDVIROORZV
0DLQ7\SHVRI0RWRU
(/(&75,&$
(OHFWULFPRWRUVDUHEURDGO\FODVVLILHGLQWRWZRFDWHJRULHVDVIROORZV
$&0RWRUV
2QOLQH&DOF
IRU1HHGIRU
'&0RWRUV
3')&2856(6
(OHFWULFDO&DOFX
:LWKLQWKRVHWZRPDLQFDWHJRULHVWKHUHDUHVXEGLYLVLRQVDVVKRZQLQWKHEHORZLPDJH
1)3$6LP
(OHFWULFDO/RDG(VWLPDWLRQ&RXUVH
,(&
$Q,QWURGXFWLRQWR+HDWLQJ
9HQWLODWLRQDQG$LU&RQGLWLRQLQJ
+9$&6\VWHPV
([FHO6SUHDGV
6\VWHP'HVLJ
$Q,QWURGXFWLRQWR/LJKWLQJ'HVLJQ
(OHFWULFLDQ
$Q,QWURGXFWLRQWR(OHFWULFDO0RWRU
%DVLFV
/RUHVFR2QOLQH
(/(&75,&$/%22.6
/3,2QOLQH(
(OHFWULFDO%RRNV 'HVLJQ*XLGHV
([FHO6SUHD
V\VWHP'HVLJ
&RGHRI3UDFWLFHIRU(QHUJ\
(IILFLHQF\RI(OHFWULFDO,QVWDOODWLRQV
*XLGHIRUHOHFWULFDOGHVLJQHQJLQHHUV
0DLQWHQDQFH0DQDJHU
V*XLGHWR
3RZHU4XDOLW\
3RZHU4XDOLW\ 8WLOL]DWLRQ*XLGH
(QJLQH$SSOLFDWLRQDQG,QVWDOODWLRQ
*XLGH
QRV([FH
9ROWDJH'
0RWRU7\SHV
1RWHV5HFHQWO\ZLWKWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIHFRQRPLFDODQGUHOLDEOHSRZHUHOHFWURQLFFRPSRQHQWVWKHUHDUH
QXPHURXVZD\VWRGHVLJQDPRWRUDQGWKHFODVVLILFDWLRQVRIWKHVHPRWRUVKDYHEHFRPHOHVVULJRURXVDQG
PDQ\RWKHUW\SHVRIPRWRUKDYHDSSHDUHG2XUFODVVLILFDWLRQRIPRWRUVZLOOEHFRPSUHKHQVLYHDVFDQDV
SRVVLEOH
)LUVW'&PRWRUV
QRV2Q
(OHFWULFDO'HP
IRU1RQ'
(OHFWULFDO/
'ZHOOLQJ8QLWV
(OHFWULFDO/
'ZHOOLQJ8QLWV
/LTXLG&RROHG*HQVHW$SSOLFDWLRQ
0DQXDO
9LVXDO,QWHULRU
09'HVLJQ 7HFKQLFDO*XLGH
7KH/LJKWLQJ
09$SSOLFDWLRQFDWDORJXH
KWWSZZZHOHFWULFDONQRZKRZFRPFODVVLILFDWLRQRIHOHFWULFPRWRUVKWPO
&ODVVLILFDWLRQRI(OHFWULF0RWRUVa(OHFWULFDO.QRZKRZ
*(/LJKWLQJ$V
(OHFWULFDODQG7UDIILF(QJLQHHULQJ
0DQXDO
6LHPHQV6HO
6HOHFWLYH&R
(/(&75,&$/62)7:$5(
(OHFWULFDO6RIWZDUH3URJUDPV
6HOHFWLYHFRRUG
5LHVJR6RIWZDUH)RU3HUIRUPLQJ7KH
5LVN$VVHVVPHQW6WXG\
3RZHU)DFWR
6WULNH5LVN9IRUSHUIRUPLQJWKH
5LVN$VVHVVPHQW6WXG\
$FFX6LQH
'&PRWRUV
5$3$/6RIWZDUHIRUSHUIRUPLQJWKH
5LVN$VVHVVPHQW6WXG\
(ULFR*(06RIWZDUH3URJUDPIRU
(DUWKLQJ&DOFXODWLRQV
9LVXDO3URIHVVLRQDO(GLWLRQ6RIWZDUH
3ULQWWKH5HVXOWVE\8VLQJWKH
3ULQW(GLWRU
9LVXDO3URIHVVLRQDO(GLWLRQ6RIWZDUH
,QVHUWLQJ&DOFXODWLRQ3ODQHV
9LVXDO3URIHVVLRQDO(GLWLRQ6RIWZDUH
,QVHUWLQJ/XPLQDLUHV
9LVXDO3URIHVVLRQDO(GLWLRQ6RIWZDUH
6WDUWLQJ6WHSV
9LVXDO3URIHVVLRQDO(GLWLRQ6RIWZDUH
&KHFNLQJWKH'HIDXOW6HWWLQJV
9LVXDO3URIHVVLRQDO(GLWLRQ6RIWZDUH
8QGHUVWDQGLQJWKH3URJUDP
,QWHUIDFH
&DOFX/X[6RIWZDUH0DLQ:LQGRZ
DQG%DU0HQXV
&DOFX/X[6RIWZDUH&KHFNLQJ7KH
'HIDXOW6HWWLQJV
&DOFX/X[6RIWZDUH([DPSOHIRU
/LJWKLQJGHVLJQRIDQ2IILFH
1(0$0RW
'&SRZHUV\VWHPVDUHQRWYHU\FRPPRQLQWKHFRQWHPSRUDU\HQJLQHHULQJSUDFWLFH+RZHYHU'&PRWRUV
KDYHEHHQXVHGLQLQGXVWULDODSSOLFDWLRQVIRU\HDUV&RXSOHGZLWKD'&GULYH'&PRWRUVSURYLGHYHU\SUHFLVH
FRQWURO'&PRWRUVFDQEHXVHGZLWKFRQYH\RUVHOHYDWRUVH[WUXGHUVPDULQHDSSOLFDWLRQVPDWHULDO
KDQGOLQJSDSHUSODVWLFVUXEEHUVWHHODQGWH[WLOHDSSOLFDWLRQVDXWRPRELOHDLUFUDIWDQGSRUWDEOH
HOHFWURQLFVLQVSHHGFRQWURODSSOLFDWLRQV
$GYDQWDJHVRI'&PRWRUV
,WLVHDV\WRFRQWUROWKHLUVSHHGLQDZLGHUDQJHWKHLUWRUTXHVSHHGFKDUDFWHULVWLFKDVKLVWRULFDOO\
EHHQHDVLHUWRWDLORUWKDQWKDWRIDOO$&PRWRUFDWHJRULHV7KLVLVZK\PRVWWUDFWLRQDQGVHUYRPRWRUV
KDYHEHHQ'&PDFKLQHV)RUH[DPSOHPRWRUVIRUGULYLQJUDLOYHKLFOHVZHUHXQWLOUHFHQWO\H[FOXVLYHO\
'&PDFKLQHV
7KHLUUHGXFHGRYHUDOOGLPHQVLRQVSHUPLWDFRQVLGHUDEOHVSDFHVDYLQJZKLFKOHWWKHPDQXIDFWXUHURI
WKHPDFKLQHVRURISODQWVQRWWREHFRQGLWLRQHGE\WKHH[DJJHUDWHGGLPHQVLRQVRIFLUFXODUPRWRUV
7UDQVIRUPHU+
7UDQVIRUPHU
*(7UDQVIRU
,QWHUQDO/
6LHPHQV/
*()L[WXUH
'LVDGYDQWDJHVRI'&PRWRUV
6LQFHWKH\QHHGEUXVKHVWRFRQQHFWWKHURWRUZLQGLQJ%UXVKZHDURFFXUVDQGLWLQFUHDVHV
GUDPDWLFDOO\LQORZSUHVVXUHHQYLURQPHQW6RWKH\FDQQRWEHXVHGLQDUWLILFLDOKHDUWV,IXVHGRQ
DLUFUDIWWKHEUXVKHVZRXOGQHHGUHSODFHPHQWDIWHURQHKRXURIRSHUDWLRQ
6SDUNVIURPWKHEUXVKHVPD\FDXVHH[SORVLRQLIWKHHQYLURQPHQWFRQWDLQVH[SORVLYHPDWHULDOV
5)QRLVHIURPWKHEUXVKHVPD\LQWHUIHUHZLWKQHDUE\79VHWVRUHOHFWURQLFGHYLFHV(WF
5HVLGHQWLDO
6SUHDGVK
5HVLGHQWLD
'&PRWRUVDUHDOVRH[SHQVLYHUHODWLYHWR$&PRWRUV
5HVLGHQWLD
&DOFX/X[6RIWZDUH3DUW)RXU
7KXVDOODSSOLFDWLRQRI'&PRWRUVKDYHHPSOR\HGDPHFKDQLFDOVZLWFKRUFRPPXWDWRUWRWXUQWKHWHUPLQDO
FXUUHQWZKLFKLVFRQVWDQWRU'&LQWRDOWHUQDWLQJFXUUHQWLQWKHDUPDWXUHRIWKHPDFKLQH7KHUHIRUH'&
PDFKLQHVDUHDOVRFDOOHGFRPPXWDWLQJPDFKLQHV
&DOFX/X[6RIWZDUH3DUW)LYH
7\SHVRI'&PRWRUV
6LHPHQV9ROWD
,(&0RWR
&DOFX/X[6RIWZDUH3DUW6L[
&DOFX/X[6RIWZDUH3DUW6HYHQ
'LIIHUHQW0
/LJKWQLQJ3UR
,'6SHF6RIWZDUH
'LIIHUHQW0
',$/X[/LJKWLQJ6RIWZDUH3URJUDP
%OXH9HUVLRQ
GLIIHUHQW0H
',$/X[/LJKWLQJ6RIWZDUH3URJUDP
5HG9HUVLRQ
',$/X[,QGRRU/LJKWLQJ&DOFXODWLRQV
0HQX2SWLRQV
&RQGXFWRU$PD
8VLQJ1(&
&RQGXFWRU$PS
8VLQJ1(
KWWSZZZHOHFWULFDONQRZKRZFRPFODVVLILFDWLRQRIHOHFWULFPRWRUVKWPO
&ODVVLILFDWLRQRI(OHFWULF0RWRUVa(OHFWULFDO.QRZKRZ
+2:72
/RFDWLQJR
3URWHFWLRQ
:ULWH7HFKQLFDO6SHFLILFDWLRQVIRU
/LJKWQLQJ3URWHFWLRQ6\VWHPV
+RZWR6HOH
'HWHUPLQH7KH1XPEHU2I'RZQ
&RQGXFWRUVRI/36
6HOHFWLQJWKH
3URWHFWLRQIRU
3HUIRUP1HHGIRU/LJKWQLQJ3URWHFWLRQ
&DOFXODWLRQVE\'LIIHUHQW0HWKRGV
6L]LQJ2YHUFXUU
3HUIRUP*URXQGLQJ&DOFXODWLRQVE\
'LIIHUHQW0HWKRGV
&DOFXODWLRQRI7
6L]H(DUWKLQJ&RQGXFWRUV8VLQJ1(&
7DEOHV
(OHFWULFDO'HP
IRU1RQ'
6L]H(DUWKLQJ&RQGXFWRUV8VLQJ%6
(OHFWULFDO'HP
6HOHFWWKH%HVW(DUWKLQJ6\VWHP
(OHFWULFDO'HP
&DOFXODWH9ROWDJH'URSDVSHU86
DQG(XURSHDQ0HWKRGV
&DOFXODWLR
8VH1(&$QQH[%7DEOHVLQ
&RQGXFWRU$PSDFLW\&DOFXODWLRQV
(OHFWULFDO'HV
3HUIRUP&RQGXFWRU$PSDFLW\
&DOFXODWLRQV8VLQJ1(&XQGHU
(QJLQHHULQJ6XSHUYLVLRQ0HWKRG
(OHFWULFDO'HV
3HUIRUP&RQGXFWRU$PSDFLW\
&DOFXODWLRQV8VLQJ1(&6HFWLRQ
7DEOHV
7\SHVRI'&PRWRUV
(OHFWULFDO/RDG
6L]H2YHUFXUUHQW3URWHFWLRQ'HYLFHV
&DOFXODWHWKH7RWDO'HPDQG(OHFWULFDO
/RDGIRU1RQ'ZHOOLQJ%XLOGLQJV
(OHFWULFDO/RD
7KH'&PRWRUVDUHGLYLGHGPDLQO\WR
(OHFWULFDO/RDG
(OHFWULFDO/RDG
$%UXVK'&PRWRUV
6LQJOH/LQH'
+RZWRZULWH
&DOFXODWHJHQHUDOXVHUHFHSWDFOHV
ORDGLQDGZHOOLQJXQLW
&DOFXODWH0D[LPXP3HUPLVVLEOH
1XPEHU2I/LJKWLQJ)L[WXUHV2Q$
*HQHUDO/LJKWLQJ%UDQFK&LUFXLW
(OHFWULFDO'
(OHFWULFDO'HV
&DOFXODWH7UDFN/LJKWLQJ/RDG
(OHFWULFDO'HV
&DOFXODWH7KH0LQLPXP1XPEHU2I
*HQHUDO/LJKWLQJ%UDQFK&LUFXLWV)RU
$Q\%XLOGLQJ
(OHFWULFDO'HV
&DOFXODWH*HQHUDO/LJKWLQJ%UDQFK
&LUFXLW/RDG)RU$Q\%XLOGLQJ
&KHFNOLVWIRU(
&DOFXODWH6LJQ$QG2XWOLQH%UDQFK
&LUFXLWV/RDG
&DOFXODWH6KRZ:LQGRZ/LJKWLQJ
/RDG
&DOFXODWH7KH0LQLPXPQXPEHURI
UHFHSWDFOHEUDQFKFLUFXLWVIRUEDQNRU
RIILFHEXLOGLQJV
%UXVK'&PRWRUV
(/(&75,&
&DOFXODWHWKH0D[LPXPDOORZDEOH
QXPEHURIUHFHSWDFOHVRQDEUDQFK
FLUFXLWLQDGZHOOLQJXQLW
KWWSZZZHOHFWULFDONQRZKRZFRPFODVVLILFDWLRQRIHOHFWULFPRWRUVKWPO
&KHFNOLVWIRU(
&ODVVLILFDWLRQRI(OHFWULF0RWRUVa(OHFWULFDO.QRZKRZ
(VWLPDWH3UHOLPLQDU\/RDG%\8VLQJ
$UHD0HWKRG
(VWLPDWH3UHOLPLQDU\/RDG%\8VLQJ
7KH%XLOGLQJ$UHD0HWKRG
(VWLPDWH3UHOLPLQDU\/RDG%\8VLQJ
6SDFH%\6SDFH0HWKRG)XQFWLRQDO
$UHD0HWKRG
$SSOLFDWLRQV
%UXVKHG'&PRWRUVDUHZLGHO\XVHGLQDSSOLFDWLRQVUDQJLQJIURPWR\VWRSXVKEXWWRQDGMXVWDEOHFDUVHDWV
$GYDQWDJHV
%UXVKHG'&%'&PRWRUVDUHLQH[SHQVLYHHDV\WRGULYHDQGDUHUHDGLO\DYDLODEOHLQDOOVL]HVDQGVKDSHV
&KHFNOLVWIRU/LT
&KHFNOLVWVIRU+
&KHFNOLVWVIRU
&RPPLVVLRQLQJ
&RQVWUXFWLRQ
'HVLJQ2XWGRRU/LJKWLQJ%\8VLQJ
,VROX['LDJUDP0HWKRG
'HVLJQ2XWGRRU/LJKWLQJ%\8VLQJ
7KH%HDP/XPHQ0HWKRG$V3HU,(6
2Q/LQH(
'HVLJQ2XWGRRU/LJKWLQJ%\8VLQJ
7KH%HDP/XPHQ0HWKRG$V3HU&,(
&RXUVH/LJK
3URWHFWLRQ6
'HVLJQ2XWGRRU/LJKWLQJ%\8VLQJ
3RLQW%\3RLQW0HWKRG
&RXUVH/LJKWQ
/LJKWQLQJ3URWH
'HVLJQ,QWHULRU/LJKWLQJ%\8VLQJ%\
8VLQJ4XLFN(VWLPDWH&KDUWV
&RXUVH((
'HVLJQ,QWHULRU/LJKWLQJ%\8VLQJ
:DWW3HU6TXDUH)HHW0HWKRG
&RXUVH((%
'HVLJQ,QWHULRU/LJKWLQJ%\8VLQJ
3RLQW%\3RLQW0HWKRG
&RXUVH((%
'HVLJQ,QWHULRU/LJKWLQJ%\8VLQJ7KH
=RQDO&DYLW\/XPHQ0HWKRG
&RXUVH((%
%XLOG3UHOLPLQDU\6LQJOH/LQH'LDJUDP
/LNH3URIHVVLRQDOV
%UXVKHG'&PRWRU&RQVWUXFWLRQ
&RXUVH((
0DNH$3UHOLPLQDU\'HVLJQ/LNH
3URIHVVLRQDOV
$OO%'&PRWRUVDUHPDGHRIWKHVDPHEDVLFFRPSRQHQWVDVWDWRUURWRUEUXVKHVDQGDFRPPXWDWRU
&RXUVH/LJKW
:ULWH(OHFWULFDO'HVLJQ&ULWHULD/LNH
3URIHVVLRQDOV
6SHFLI\7KH5HTXLUHG7\SH2I
*HQHUDO8VH5HFHSWDFOHV)RU(DFK
$UHD,Q$'ZHOOLQJ8QLW
'LVWULEXWH*HQHUDO8VH5HFHSWDFOH
/RDGV,Q$'ZHOOLQJ8QLW
6WDWRU
7KHVWDWRUJHQHUDWHVDVWDWLRQDU\PDJQHWLFILHOGWKDWVXUURXQGVWKHURWRU7KLVILHOGLVJHQHUDWHGE\HLWKHU
SHUPDQHQWPDJQHWVRUHOHFWURPDJQHWLFZLQGLQJV
&RXUVH/LJKWLQJ
IRU/LJKWLQJ
&RXUVH0RWRU
5RWRU
&RXUVH(/(9
(OHYDWRUV(V
6HOHFW5HFHSWDFOH5DWLQJ)RU$
%UDQFK&LUFXLW,Q$'ZHOOLQJ8QLW
&RXUVH+9$&
+HDWLQJ9
&RQGLWLRQLQ
&217$&7)250
&RXUVH(3(
1DPH
&RXUVH('
(PDLO
&RXUVH30
0HVVDJH
5RWRU$UPDWXUH
&RXUVH(&
1DWLRQDOH
&RXUVH/9
6HQG
7KHURWRUDOVRFDOOHGWKHDUPDWXUHLVPDGHXSRIRQHRUPRUHZLQGLQJV:KHQWKHVHZLQGLQJVDUH
HQHUJL]HGWKH\SURGXFHDPDJQHWLFILHOG7KHPDJQHWLFSROHVRIWKLVURWRUILHOGZLOOEHDWWUDFWHGWRWKH
RSSRVLWHSROHVJHQHUDWHGE\WKHVWDWRUFDXVLQJWKHURWRUWRWXUQ$VWKHPRWRUWXUQVWKHZLQGLQJVDUH
FRQVWDQWO\EHLQJHQHUJL]HGLQDGLIIHUHQWVHTXHQFHVRWKDWWKHPDJQHWLFSROHVJHQHUDWHGE\WKHURWRUGRQRW
RYHUUXQWKHSROHVJHQHUDWHGLQWKHVWDWRU7KLVVZLWFKLQJRIWKHILHOGLQWKHURWRUZLQGLQJVLVFDOOHG
FRPPXWDWLRQ
KWWSZZZHOHFWULFDONQRZKRZFRPFODVVLILFDWLRQRIHOHFWULFPRWRUVKWPO
&ODVVLILFDWLRQRI(OHFWULF0RWRUVa(OHFWULFDO.QRZKRZ
%UXVKHVDQG&RPPXWDWRU
&RPPXWDWRU([DPSOH
6HJPHQWVDQG%UXVKHV
KWWSZZZHOHFWULFDONQRZKRZFRPFODVVLILFDWLRQRIHOHFWULFPRWRUVKWPO
&ODVVLILFDWLRQRI(OHFWULF0RWRUVa(OHFWULFDO.QRZKRZ
+RZWKH&RPPXWDWRU:RUNV
+RZWKH&RPPXWDWRU:RUNV
$VWKHURWRUWXUQVWKHFRPPXWDWRUWHUPLQDOVDOVRWXUQDQGFRQWLQXRXVO\UHYHUVHSRODULW\RIWKHFXUUHQWLW
JHWVIURPWKHVWDWLRQDU\EUXVKHVDWWDFKHGWRWKHEDWWHU\
7\SHVRI%'&PRWRUV
7\SHVRI'&PRWRUV
7KHGLIIHUHQWW\SHVRI%'&PRWRUVDUHGLVWLQJXLVKHGE\WKHFRQVWUXFWLRQRIWKHVWDWRURUWKHZD\WKH
HOHFWURPDJQHWLFZLQGLQJVDUHFRQQHFWHGWRWKHSRZHUVRXUFH7KHVHW\SHVDUH
3HUPDQHQW0DJQHW
6KXQW:RXQG
KWWSZZZHOHFWULFDONQRZKRZFRPFODVVLILFDWLRQRIHOHFWULFPRWRUVKWPO
&ODVVLILFDWLRQRI(OHFWULF0RWRUVa(OHFWULFDO.QRZKRZ
6HULHV:RXQG
&RPSRXQG:RXQG
6HSDUDWHO\H[FLWHG'&PRWRU
8QLYHUVDO0RWRU
6HUYR0RWRUV
$3HUPDQHQW0DJQHW
3HUPDQHQW0DJQHW0RWRU
$SHUPDQHQWPDJQHW'&30'&PRWRULVDPRWRUZKRVHSROHVDUHPDGHRXWRISHUPDQHQWPDJQHWVWR
SURGXFHWKHVWDWRUILHOG
$GYDQWDJHV
6LQFHQRH[WHUQDOILHOGFLUFXLWLVQHHGHGWKHUHDUHQRILHOGFLUFXLWFRSSHUORVVHV
6LQFHQRILHOGZLQGLQJVDUHQHHGHGWKHVHPRWRUVFDQEHFRQVLGHUDEOHVPDOOHU
:LGHO\XVHGLQORZSRZHUDSSOLFDWLRQ
)LHOGZLQGLQJLVUHSODFHGE\DSHUPDQHQWPDJQHWVLPSOHFRQVWUXFWLRQDQGOHVVVSDFH
1RUHTXLUHPHQWRQH[WHUQDOH[FLWDWLRQ
'LVDGYDQWDJHV
6LQFHSHUPDQHQWPDJQHWVSURGXFHVZHDNHUIOX[GHQVLWLHVWKHQH[WHUQDOO\VXSSRUWHGVKXQWILHOGVVXFK
PRWRUVKDYHORZHULQGXFHGWRUTXH
7KHUHLVDOZD\VDULVNRIGHPDJQHWL]DWLRQIURPH[WHQVLYHKHDWLQJRUIURPDUPDWXUHUHDFWLRQHIIHFWV
6RPH30'&PRWRUVKDYHZLQGLQJVEXLOWLQWRWKHPWRSUHYHQWWKLVIURPKDSSHQLQJ
%6KXQW:RXQG
KWWSZZZHOHFWULFDONQRZKRZFRPFODVVLILFDWLRQRIHOHFWULFPRWRUVKWPO
&ODVVLILFDWLRQRI(OHFWULF0RWRUVa(OHFWULFDO.QRZKRZ
6KXQW:RXQG0RWRU
6KXQWZRXQG%UXVKHG'&6+:'&PRWRUVKDYHWKHILHOGFRLOLQSDUDOOHOVKXQWZLWKWKHDUPDWXUH
7KHVSHHGLVSUDFWLFDOO\FRQVWDQWLQGHSHQGHQWRIWKHORDGDQGWKHUHIRUHVXLWDEOHIRUFRPPHUFLDO
DSSOLFDWLRQVZLWKDORZVWDUWLQJORDGVXFKDVFHQWULIXJDOSXPSPDFKLQHWRROVEORZHUVIDQVUHFLSURFDWLQJ
SXPSVHWF
$GYDQWDJHV
7KHFXUUHQWLQWKHILHOGFRLODQGWKHDUPDWXUHDUHLQGHSHQGHQWRIRQHDQRWKHUDVDUHVXOWWKHVH
PRWRUVKDYHH[FHOOHQWVSHHGFRQWURO
/RVVRIPDJQHWLVPLVQRWDQLVVXHLQ6+:'&PRWRUVVRWKH\DUHJHQHUDOO\PRUHUREXVWWKDQ30'&
PRWRUV
6SHHGFDQEHFRQWUROOHGE\HLWKHULQVHUWLQJDUHVLVWDQFHLQVHULHVZLWKWKHDUPDWXUHGHFUHDVLQJ
VSHHGRUE\LQVHUWLQJUHVLVWDQFHLQWKHILHOGFXUUHQWLQFUHDVLQJVSHHG
'LVDGYDQWDJHV
6KXQWZRXQG%UXVKHG'&6+:'&PRWRUVKDYHGUDZEDFNVLQUHYHUVLQJDSSOLFDWLRQVKRZHYHU
EHFDXVHZLQGLQJGLUHFWLRQUHODWLYHWRWKHVKXQWZLQGLQJPXVWEHUHYHUVHGZKHQDUPDWXUHYROWDJHLV
UHYHUVHG+HUHUHYHUVLQJFRQWDFWRUVPXVWEHXVHG
&6HULHV:RXQG
6HULHV:RXQG0RWRU
6HULHVZRXQG%UXVKHG'&6:'&PRWRUVKDYHWKHILHOGFRLOLQVHULHVZLWKWKHDUPDWXUH7KHVHPRWRUVDUH
LGHDOO\VXLWHGIRUKLJKWRUTXHDSSOLFDWLRQVVXFKDVWUDFWLRQYHKLFOHVFUDQHVDQGKRLVWVHOHFWULFWUDLQV
FRQYH\RUVHOHYDWRUVHOHFWULFFDUVEHFDXVHWKHFXUUHQWLQERWKWKHVWDWRUDQGDUPDWXUHLQFUHDVHVXQGHU
ORDG
$GYDQWDJHV
7KHWRUTXHLVSURSRUWLRQDOWR,VRLWJLYHVWKHKLJKHVWWRUTXHSHUFXUUHQWUDWLRRYHUDOORWKHUGF
PRWRUV
KWWSZZZHOHFWULFDONQRZKRZFRPFODVVLILFDWLRQRIHOHFWULFPRWRUVKWPO
&ODVVLILFDWLRQRI(OHFWULF0RWRUVa(OHFWULFDO.QRZKRZ
'LVDGYDQWDJHV
$GUDZEDFNWR6:'&PRWRUVLVWKDWWKH\GRQRWKDYHSUHFLVHVSHHGFRQWUROOLNH30'&DQG6+:'&
PRWRUVKDYH
6SHHGLVUHVWULFWHGWR530
,WPXVWEHDYRLGHGWRUXQDVHULHVPRWRUZLWKQRORDGEHFDXVHWKHPRWRUZLOODFFHOHUDWH
XQFRQWUROODEO\
'&RPSRXQG:RXQG
&RPSRXQG:RXQG0RWRU
&RPSRXQG:RXQG&:'&PRWRUVDUHDFRPELQDWLRQRIVKXQWZRXQGDQGVHULHVZRXQGPRWRUV
&:'&PRWRUVHPSOR\ERWKDVHULHVDQGDVKXQWILHOG7KHSHUIRUPDQFHRID&:'&PRWRULVDFRPELQDWLRQ
RI6:'&DQG6+:'&PRWRUV&:'&PRWRUVKDYHKLJKHUWRUTXHWKDQD6+:'&PRWRUZKLOHRIIHULQJEHWWHU
VSHHGFRQWUROWKDQ6:'&PRWRU
,WLVXVHGLQ$SSOLFDWLRQVVXFKDV5ROOLQJPLOOVVXGGHQWHPSRUDU\ORDGVKHDY\PDFKLQHWRROVSXQFKHVHWF
$GYDQWDJHV
7KLVPRWRUKDVDJRRGVWDUWLQJWRUTXHDQGDVWDEOHVSHHG
'LVDGYDQWDJHV
7KHQRORDGVSHHGLVFRQWUROODEOHXQOLNHLQVHULHVPRWRUV
(6HSDUDWHO\H[FLWHG'&PRWRU
6HSDUDWHO\H[FLWHG'&PRWRU
,QDVHSDUDWHO\H[FLWHG'&PRWRUWKHILHOGFRLOVDUHVXSSOLHGIURPDQLQGHSHQGHQWVRXUFHVXFKDVDPRWRU
JHQHUDWRUDQGWKHILHOGFXUUHQWLVXQDIIHFWHGE\FKDQJHVLQWKHDUPDWXUHFXUUHQW7KHVHSDUDWHO\H[FLWHG
KWWSZZZHOHFWULFDONQRZKRZFRPFODVVLILFDWLRQRIHOHFWULFPRWRUVKWPO
&ODVVLILFDWLRQRI(OHFWULF0RWRUVa(OHFWULFDO.QRZKRZ
'&PRWRUZDVVRPHWLPHVXVHGLQ'&WUDFWLRQPRWRUVWRIDFLOLWDWHFRQWURORIZKHHOVOLS
)8QLYHUVDO0RWRU
8QLYHUVDO0RWRU
7KHXQLYHUVDOPRWRULVDURWDWLQJHOHFWULFDOPDFKLQHVLPLODUWR'&VHULHVPRWRUGHVLJQHGWRRSHUDWHHLWKHU
IURP$'RU'&VRXUFH7KHVWDWRU URWRUZLQGLQJVRIWKHPRWRUDUHFRQQHFWHGLQVHULHVWKURXJKWKHURWRU
FRPPXWDWRU7KHVHULHVPRWRULVGHVLJQHGWRPRYHODUJHORDGVZLWKKLJKWRUTXHLQDSSOLFDWLRQVVXFKDV
FUDQHPRWRURUOLIWKRLVW
*6HUYR0RWRUV
6HUYR0RWRUV
6HUYR0RWRUVDUHPHFKDQLFDOGHYLFHVWKDWFDQEHLQVWUXFWHGWRPRYHWKHRXWSXWVKDIWDWWDFKHGWRDVHUYR
ZKHHORUDUPWRDVSHFLILHGSRVLWLRQ6HUYR0RWRUVDUHGHVLJQHGIRUDSSOLFDWLRQVLQYROYLQJSRVLWLRQFRQWURO
YHORFLW\FRQWURODQGWRUTXHFRQWURO
KWWSZZZHOHFWULFDONQRZKRZFRPFODVVLILFDWLRQRIHOHFWULFPRWRUVKWPO
&ODVVLILFDWLRQRI(OHFWULF0RWRUVa(OHFWULFDO.QRZKRZ
6HUYR0RWRUV&RPSRQHQWV
$VHUYRPRWRUPDLQO\FRQVLVWVRID'&PRWRUJHDUV\VWHPDSRVLWLRQVHQVRUZKLFKLVPRVWO\D
SRWHQWLRPHWHUDQGFRQWUROHOHFWURQLFV
6HUYR0RWRUV$SSOLFDWLRQV
1RWHWKHVHWRSLFVDERXW0RWRUVLQWKLVFRXUVH((%HJLQQHU
VHOHFWULFDOGHVLJQFRXUVHLVDQLQWURGXFWLRQ
RQO\IRUEHJLQQHUVWRNQRZJHQHUDOEDVLFLQIRUPDWLRQDERXW0RWRUVDQG3XPSVDVDW\SHRI3RZHUORDGV
%XWLQRWKHUOHYHOVRIRXUHOHFWULFDOGHVLJQFRXUVHVZHZLOOVKRZDQGH[SODLQLQGHWDLOWKH0RWRUDQG
3XPSV/RDGVFDOFXODWLRQV
<RXPLJKWDOVROLNH
&ODVVLILFDWLRQRI
(OHFWULF0RWRUV
3DUW7ZR
&ODVVLILFDWLRQRI
(OHFWULF0RWRUV
3DUW)LYH
KWWSZZZHOHFWULFDONQRZKRZFRPFODVVLILFDWLRQRIHOHFWULFPRWRUVKWPO
&ODVVLILFDWLRQRI
(OHFWULF0RWRUV
3DUW)RXU
&ODVVLILFDWLRQRI
(OHFWULF0RWRUV
3DUW7KUHH
(OHFWULFDO0RWRUV
%DVLF&RPSRQHQWV
&ODVVLILFDWLRQRI(OHFWULF0RWRUVa(OHFWULFDO.QRZKRZ
/LQNZLWKLQ
16comments:
<DVD 1RYHPEHUDW30
WKDQNVIRUGHWDLOHGLQIR
%DOGRU6LQJOH3KDVHPRWRUV
5HSO\
$EGHOUDKPDQ6DOHK 'HFHPEHUDW$0
3/=ZHZDQWGDWDDERXWQDPHSODWH
5HSO\
$EGHOUDKPDQ6DOHK 'HFHPEHUDW$0
:KDW
VWKHPDLQGLVDGYDQWDJHRILQGXFWLRQPRWRUV""
5HSO\
$OL+DVVDQ
'HFHPEHUDW30
WR$EGHOUDKPDQ6DOHK
, ZLOO SRVW DQ DUWLFOH DERXW KRZ WR UHDG WKH PRWRU QDPHSODWH GDWD LQ WKH QHZ FRXUVH PRWRU DGYDQFHG
FRXUVHMXVWNHHSIROORZLQJ
5HSO\
$OL+DVVDQ
'HFHPEHUDW30
WR$EGHOUDKPDQ6DOHK
WKHPDLQGLVDGYDQWDJHRILQGXFWLRQPRWRUVDUH
1RWHDV\WRKDYHYDULDEOHVSHHGFRQWURO
5HTXLUHVDYDULDEOHIUHTXHQF\SRZHUHOHFWURQLFGULYHIRURSWLPDOVSHHGFRQWURO
0RVWRIWKHPUXQZLWKDODJJLQJSRZHUIDFWRU
5HSO\
WDUHNBDEXNKDGUD -DQXDU\DW30
5HSO\
VKDNHHODKPHG 0D\DW30
ZKHUHLVDFPRWRUSDUW"
5HSO\
5HSOLHV
$OL+DVVDQ
-XQHDW$0
3OHDVHYLVLWWKH0RWRUFRXUVH
VPDLQSDJHDW
KWWSZZZHOHFWULFDONQRZKRZFRPFRXUVHPRWRULQWURGXFWLRQWRKWPO
\RXZLOOILQGDOOWKHDUWLFOHVUHJDUGLQJ$&PRWRUV
5HSO\
)HUGRXVLEQNDGHU -XO\DW$0
ZHOORUJDQL]HGOHFWXUHVKHHWUHDOO\DZHVRPHDUWLFOH
ZZZPURVXSSO\FRP
5HSO\
KWWSZZZHOHFWULFDONQRZKRZFRPFODVVLILFDWLRQRIHOHFWULFPRWRUVKWPO
&ODVVLILFDWLRQRI(OHFWULF0RWRUVa(OHFWULFDO.QRZKRZ
KDQVUDM -XO\DW$0
1LFHSDJHWKQNVVLULOLNHLW
5HSO\
KDQVUDM -XO\DW$0
1LFHSDJHWKQNVVLULOLNHLW
5HSO\
KDULWKDSHUHUD 2FWREHUDW$0
ZRRRRRRRRRRRZWKDQN]]]]]]]]]]]]]]LWKLQNLWLVJRRGIRUHYHU\RQH
5HSO\
5HSOLHV
+XVVHLQ8VPDQ 1RYHPEHUDW$0
WQ[
5HSO\
,QGXVWULDO7UDLQLQJ 0DUFKDW$0
*UHDWUHVRXUFH
5HSO\
5RQH\:LOVRQ 0D\DW$0
+H\QLFHSRVWPDQ7KDQNVIRULQFUHGLEOHLQIR
YDULDEOHIUHTXHQF\GULYHVFDQDGD
5HSO\
DQNLWODOODO 2FWREHUDW$0
1LFHH[SODQDWLRQDEXW7\SHVRIPRWRUEDVLFIRUDOOEUDQFKHVRIDQHQJLQHHULQJ
5HSO\
(QWHU\RXUFRPPHQW
&RPPHQWDV
3XEOLVK
*RRJOH$FFRXQW
3UHYLHZ
/HDYHDFRPPHQWWRKHOSDOOIRUEHWWHUXQGHUVWDQGLQJ
&ODVVLILFDWLRQRI(OHFWULF0RWRUV3DUW
7ZR
+RPH
(OHFWULFDO0RWRUV%DVLF&RPSRQHQWV!!
6XEVFULEHWR3RVW&RPPHQWV$WRP
KWWSZZZHOHFWULFDONQRZKRZFRPFODVVLILFDWLRQRIHOHFWULFPRWRUVKWPO
&ODVVLILFDWLRQRI(OHFWULF0RWRUVa(OHFWULFDO.QRZKRZ
-RLQWKLVVLWH
ZLWK*RRJOH)ULHQG&RQQHFW
$OUHDG\DPHPEHU"6LJQLQ
1(:$57,&/(6
+2:72-2,12856,7("
3238/$5$57,&/(
(OHFWULFDO:DWHU+HDWHUV3RZHU5DWLQJ&DOFXODWLRQV3DUW7ZR
&ODVVLILFDWLRQRI(OHFWULF0RWRUV
(OHFWULFDO:DWHU+HDWHUV3RZHU5DWLQJ&DOFXODWLRQV3DUW2QH
(OHFWULFDO0RWRUV%DVLF&RPSRQHQWV
(OHFWULFDO5XOHVDQG&DOFXODWLRQVIRU$LU&RQGLWLRQLQJ6\VWHPV
3DUW)LYH
(OHFWULFDO:LULQJ'LDJUDPVIRU$LU&RQGLWLRQ
7ZR
(OHFWULFDO5XOHVDQG&DOFXODWLRQVIRU$LU&RQGLWLRQLQJ6\VWHPV
3DUW)RXU
(OHFWULFDO:LULQJ'LDJUDPVIRU$LU&RQGLWLRQ
2QH
(OHFWULFDO5XOHVDQG&DOFXODWLRQVIRU$LU&RQGLWLRQLQJ6\VWHPV
3DUW7KUHH
(OHYDWRUV7\SHVDQG&ODVVLILFDWLRQ3DUW7
&ODVVLILFDWLRQRI(OHFWULF0RWRUV3DUW7ZR
(OHFWULFDO5XOHVDQG&DOFXODWLRQVIRU$LU&RQGLWLRQLQJ6\VWHPV
3DUW7ZR
%DVLF(OHYDWRU&RPSRQHQWV3DUW7ZR
(OHFWULFDO:LULQJ'LDJUDPVIRU$LU&RQGLWLRQLQJ6\VWHPV3DUW
7KUHH
%DVLF(OHYDWRU&RPSRQHQWV3DUW2QH
(OHFWULFDO:LULQJ'LDJUDPVIRU$LU&RQGLWLRQLQJ6\VWHPV3DUW
7ZR
(OHFWULFDO:LULQJ'LDJUDPVIRU$LU&RQGLWLRQ
7KUHH
,QYLWH\RXUIULHQGVRQ)DFHERRN
(OHFWULFDO:LULQJ'LDJUDPVIRU$LU&RQGLWLRQLQJ6\VWHPV3DUW
2QH
5HVLGHQWLDO/RDG&DOFXODWLRQ6SUHDGVKHHW
(OHFWULFDO.QRZKRZ
(OHFWULFDO5XOHVDQG&DOFXODWLRQVIRU$LU&RQGLWLRQLQJ6\VWHPV
3DUW2QH
/LNH3DJH
NOLNHV
&RS\5LJKW#(OHFWULFDO.QRZKRZ3ULYDF\3ROLF\
KWWSZZZHOHFWULFDONQRZKRZFRPFODVVLILFDWLRQRIHOHFWULFPRWRUVKWPO