Chapter 4 Differential Relations for a Fluid Particle

271

p
p

= abx and
= aby, or: p = ab(x 2 + y 2 ) + const Ans.
x
y
2
The given velocity field, u = ay and v = bx, is an exact solution independent of a or b. It
is not, however, an irrotational flow.
Solve for

4.29 Consider a steady, two-dimensional, incompressible flow of a newtonian fluid

with the velocity field u = 2xy, v = y2 x2, and w = 0. (a) Does this flow satisfy
conservation of mass? (b) Find the pressure field p(x, y) if the pressure at point (x = 0, y = 0)
is equal to pa.
Solution: Evaluate and check the incompressible continuity equation:

u v w
+
+
= 0 = 2 y + 2 y + 0 0 Yes! Ans. (a )
x y z
(b) Find the pressure gradients from the Navier-Stokes x- and y-relations:
u
2u 2u 2u
u
u
p
u + v + w = + 2 + 2 + 2 , or:
x
y
z
x
y z
x
p
p
[ 2 xy(2 y) + ( y 2 x 2 )(2 x )] =
+ (0 + 0 + 0), or:
= 2 ( xy 2 + x 3 )
x
x

and, similarly for the y-momentum relation,

v
2v 2v 2v
v
v
p
u + v + w = + 2 + 2 + 2 , or:
x
y
z
y
y z
x

[ 2 xy(2 x ) + ( y 2 x 2 )(2 y)] =

p
p
+ (2 + 2 + 0), or:
= 2 ( x 2 y + y3 )
y
y

The two gradients p/ x and p/ y may be integrated to find p(x, y):

x 2 y2 x 4
p
dx|y = Const = 2
+ + f ( y), then differentiate:
x
4
2
p
df
df

= 2 ( x 2 y) +
= 2( x 2 y + y3 ), whence
= 2 y3 , or: f ( y) = y 4 + C
y
2
dy
dy

Thus: p = (2 x 2 y 2 + x 4 + y 4 ) + C = pa at ( x, y) = (0, 0), or: C = pa

2
Finally, the pressure field for this flow is given by

p=

p = pa

1
(2x 2 y 2 + x 4 + y 4 ) Ans. (b)
2