Вы находитесь на странице: 1из 10



-RVp0DUtD%HOOLGR0RULOODV8VRPpGLFRGHODFDUQHKXPDQDHQ(VSDxD(O&DWREOHSDV

6HSDUDWDGHODUHYLVWD(O&DWREOHSDV,661
SXEOLFDGDSRU1yGXOR0DWHULDOLVWDQRGXORRUJ
LPSUHVDHOPLpUFROHVGHGLFLHPEUHGHGHVGH
KWWSZZZQRGXORRUJHFQSKWP


ElCatoblepasnmero81noviembre2008pgina16

Uso mdico de la carne humana en Espaa


Jos Mara Bellido Morillas
Sobre su uso plenamente consciente y amparado en la prescripcin facultativa emanada de fsicos o
albitares judos, cristianos o musulmanes

KWWSZZZQRGXORRUJHFQSKWP





-RVp0DUtD%HOOLGR0RULOODV8VRPpGLFRGHODFDUQHKXPDQDHQ(VSDxD(O&DWREOHSDV

(O/LEURGHOFDYDOOHURdLIDUUHFRJHXQDGHWDOODGDHLQWHUHVDQWHYHUVLyQGHOFXHQWRGHOMRYHQTXHGLFHWHQHUFLHQ
DPLJRV\DOTXHVXSDGUHTXHOHGLFHTXHpOVyORWLHQHXQPHGLRDPLJR\GHODSUXHEDDODTXHVRPHWHDORVFLHQ
DPLJRVVLPXODQGROOHYDUHOFDGiYHUGHXQHQHPLJRTXHHQUHDOLGDGHVXQSXHUFR$TXtHOSDGUHHOKLMR\HOPHGLR
DPLJR VH VLHQWDQ D XQD PLVPD PHVD SDUD FRPHUVH FRFKR \ DVDGR DO HQHPLJR ILQJLGR \ HO KLMR GHVSXpV GH
DOJXQDV UHVLVWHQFLDV OHV VRUSUHQGH GLFLHQGR QXQFD FRPt FDUQH TXH WDQ ELHQ PH VXSLHVVH FRPR HVWD^`
$ODUPDGR HO SDGUH SURFXUD GHVHQJDxDUOR SUHYLQLpQGROH GH TXH PX\ FUXHO FRVD VHUtD \ FRQWUD QDWXUD HO KRPEUH
FRPHUFDUQHGHKRPEUHQLDXQFRQIDPEUH(OKLMROHDJUDGHFHODLQIRUPDFLyQ\OHGLFHTXHVLODFDUQHGHHQHPLJR
DVt PH VXSLHUD FRPR HVWD FDUQH TXH DTXt FRPHPRV QR TXHGDUD KRPEUH GH TXLHQ QR FREGLFLDVVH FRPHU \ SRU
HVWRTXHDJRUDPHGH[LVWHVDERUUHVFHUp\RPiVODFDUQHGHOKRPEUH
4XL]i HVWH SDUHFLGR GHO FHUGR FRQ OD FDUQH KXPDQD VLUYLHUD D ORV MXGtRV SDUD MXVWLILFDU ODV OH\HV GH SXUH]D
0DLPyQLGHVDSHVDUGHOLJDUODVOH\HVGHSXUH]DFRQHO7HPSOR 0LQHK7RUDK7XPDW2NHOLP \GHFLWDUOD
IUDVHGH*DOHQRTXHFRQVLGHUDDOFHUGRODFDUQHPiVEHQHILFLRVDGHWRGRVORVDQLPDOHVTXHFDPLQDQVREUHFXDWUR
SDWDV 'H SURELV SUDYLVTXH DOLPHQWRUXP VXFFLV    WDPELpQ FLWD DTXHOOD TXH OD FRQVLGHUD OD PiV SDUHFLGD D OD
KXPDQD 'HDOLPHQWRUXPIDFXOWDWLEXV ORTXHSXHGHVHUODFDXVDGHVXVDOXELOLGDG\DOPLVPRWLHPSRGHVX
LQFRQYHQLHQFLD PRUDO 'H KHFKR HO SURSLR *DOHQR 'HVLPSOLFLXPPHGLFDPHQWRUXP    FXHQWD HO FDVR GH ORV
KXpVSHGHVGHXQDWDEHUQDTXHGHVFXEULHURQGHGRVKXPDQRVHQVXSODWR^`(OWySLFRGHOWDEHUQHURVLQHVFU~SXORV
HVDEXQGDQWtVLPRHQQXHVWUDVOHWUDV\HVSHFLDOPHQWHHQ4XHYHGRSHURQRQRVGHWHQGUHPRVDTXtVREUHHVWHWHPD
VLQRHQRWURDUWtFXORGHGLFDGRDODDQWURSRIDJLDHQ(VSDxDFRQILQHVQRPpGLFRVVLQRPHUDPHQWHJDVWURQyPLFRV
%DVWHGHFLUSRUDKRUDTXH&LUR%D\RHVWDEDGHDFXHUGRFRQ*DOHQR^`
7DPSRFR QRV GHGLFDUHPRV D UHJLVWUDU HO FRQVXPR DFFLGHQWDO R LQYROXQWDULR GH FDUQH KXPDQD VLQR TXH
KDEODUHPRVGHVXXVRSOHQDPHQWHFRQVFLHQWH\DPSDUDGRHQODSUHVFULSFLyQIDFXOWDWLYD\DVHDHPDQDGDGHItVLFRV
RDOEpLWDUHVMXGtRVFULVWLDQRVRPXVXOPDQHV
(V EDVWDQWH LQGLFDWLYD GH OD IUHFXHQFLD GH HVWH XVR OD SURSLD H[LVWHQFLD GH OD SDODEUD FDURPRPLD R FDUQH
PRPLD ^`FRQODYDULDQWH0LKDPXPLDPXPLDGLVROXWD^` HQHVWRUDTXHVHHQWLHQGH -XDQ-RVp'RPHQFKLQDVH
UHFUHDHQHOYRFDEORUHODFLRQDQGRODVSUHPLVDVJDOpQLFDVFRQHOPRGHUQRFRQFHSWRGHRSRWHUDSLD^`
7DPELpQHOIUDLOHGHJOXWHODWHULFLRVRFRQXVFR
PL[WXUDRSRWHUiSLFDGHVXSURSLRLQWHOHFWR
/RVpGHOHMDVWLHUUDVYLHQHODSDODEUDPDUUDQR
TXHORVHWLPyORJRVWLHQHQSRUFRVDSURKLELGD
DXQTXHHO6DQHGUtQVHSURQXQFLDSRUORV
VXFXOHQWRVSHUQLOHVGHO,QPXQGR
KDUWRPiVJXVWRVRVDOSDODGDUTXHODFDURPRPLD
GH(JLSWR

'HVGH OXHJR SDUD QDGLH HUD XQ PLVWHULR OD SURFHGHQFLD \ QDWXUDOH]D GH OD FDURPRPLD (Q ODV $QGDQoDV H
YLDMHVGH3HUR7DIXUVHOHH
eSDUWLPRVGHO&D\URp\HQGRSRUDTXHOODVDUHQDVPXHUWDVGHO(J\SWRFRQPX\JUDQGHWUDEDMRpJUDQGHSHOLJUROD
FDORUWDQJUDQGHTXHGXGDEDRQEUHGHSRGHUORVRIULU(QHVWDVDUHQDVGL]HQTXHVHID]HODPRPLDTXHHVFDUQHGH
RQEUHVTXHPXHUHQDOOtpFRQODJUDQVHTXHGDWQRQSRGUHVoHQPDVFRQVXPLpQGRVHDTXHOKXPLOORUDGLFDOTXHGDOD
SHUVRQDHQWHUDpVHFDWDOTXHVHSXHGHPROHU^`

(QXQDQyQLPR/LEURGHDVWURORJtDGHILQDOHVGHO;9RSULQFLSLRVGHO;9,EDVWDQWHPHMRULQIRUPDGRTXH
ODoLEGDGGH$OH[DQGULDHVXQDoLEGDGJUDQGHULEHUDGHODPDUHHVXQDGHODVoLEGDGHVPDUDYLOORVDVGHOPXQGR
TXHD\PXFKDPDVREUDGHED[RGHWLHUUDFXHYDVODEUDGDVGHERYHGDPXFKDV PX\JUDQGHV DQFKDVTXHSDVDQ
GHODVXQDVDODVRWUDV QRQSXHGHQHQWUDUGHQWURVLQRQFRQPXFKDOXQEUHGHFDQGHODVHSXHGHQLUGRVOHJXDV
WUHVGHED[RGHVWDVFXHYDV IDOODQDOODGHQWURWDOODoDVGHODWRQ GHPDUPROGHILJXUDVGHDQLPDOHVGHFDPHOORV
GHYDFDV GHEHVWLDVILHUDV GHDYHV GHRPQHVRWURVLVHIDOODHQHOODVWKHVRURVHVFRQGLGRV PXFKDVVHSXOWXUDV
GHPDUPRO GHDUDQEUH DXQDOJXQDVGHRUR HQFDGDVHSXOWXUDXQRPQHPXHUWR HVWDWDOFRPRHOGLDTXHIXH\
KWWSZZZQRGXORRUJHFQSKWP





-RVp0DUtD%HOOLGR0RULOODV8VRPpGLFRGHODFDUQHKXPDQDHQ(VSDxD(O&DWREOHSDV

SXHVWR DOJXQRVD\TXHWLHQHQHOFXHURVHFRSHJDGRFRQHOKXHVR ODJUDVDGHOFRUULGRHQODVHSXOWXUDHGHVWDV


IXHVDVVDFDQODPRPLDTXHHVXQDHVSHoLDGHTXHVHVLUYHQORVoLUXMDQRVHQODVFXUDVGHODVTXHEUDGXUDV RWUDV
FRVDV HQDOJXQDVIXHVDVVHIDOODQFROODUHVGHSODWD GHSLHGUDVSUHoLRVDV RUR SODWDTXHWHQLDFDGDXQRGH
DTXHOORVPXHUWRVVHJXQGHOJUDGRGHFDGDXQR(HVWDHVFULSWRHQODPDVGHODVVHSXOWXUDVHQOHWUDVJULHJDVHVWH
HVIXODQRUH\ HVWHHVIXODQRFRQGH ELYLRWDQWRVDQQRV^`

0RPLDVHJLSFLDVGH(O)D\XPGHOSHUtRGRJUHFRUURPDQR
/DPHMRUSDUWHGHOODVHVODFDEHoD
VHJ~Q/ySH]GH$\DOD
3HURQRQRVyOR(JLSWRSURGXFHPRPLDV)UDQFLVFR/ySH]GH*yPDUDHVFULEHGHORVLQGLRV
6RQPHQWLURVRVODGURQHVFUXHOHVVRPpWLFRVLQJUDWRVVLQKRQUDVLQYHUJHQoDVLQFKDULGDGQLYLUWXG6HS~OWDQVH
GHED[RODWLHUUD\DOJXQRVHPEDOVDPDQHFKiQGROHVXQOLFRUGHiUEROHVRORURVtVVLPRVSRUODJDUJDQWDRXQWiQGRORV
FRQJRPDVHQODVLHUUDVHFRQVHUYDQLQILQLWRWLHPSRFRQHOIUtR\DVVtD\PXFKDFDUQHPRPLD^`

3DUD-RmRGH6RXVDODPRPLDYLHQHGH$UDELD
$PXPLDHPWRGRR2ULHQWHKHDSDUWHFDUQRVDGRFRUSRKXPDQRTXHVLFDHQWHUUDGRQDVDUrDVGD$UDELDGH]HUWD
TXDQGRRV0DKRPHWDQRVYD}iSHUHJULQDoD}GH0HFFDTXHSRUFDXVDGRVJUDQGHVHUHSHQWLQRVYHQWRVTXHVH
OHYDQWmR QDTXHOOHV VLWLRV ILFD} PXLWRV HQWHUUDGRVH DKL VH PLUUD} H QD YROWD GD SHUHJULQDoD} RV DFKD} Mi
GHVFREHUWRV SRU RXWURV YHQWRV FRQWUDULRV 'HVWDV SDUWHV FDUQRVDV TXH RUGLQDULDPHQWH VmR DV FR[DV GDV SHUQDV
XVD}RV0HGLFRV2ULHQWDHVGHVID]HQGRKXPDSHTXHQDSRUoD}HQDJXDPRUQDHDGD}DEHEHUSDUDDVTXpGDVH
SL]DGXUDVTXHKHUHPHGLRPXLWRHIILFD]^`

)HLMRRKDEODQGRGHODV0XPLDV(J\SFLDFDVGDFXHQWDGHTXH
8QRV GLFHQ TXH ORV iUDEHV OD SXVLHURQ HQ HVVH FUpGLWR *HQWH WDQ HPEXVWHUD PHUHFH SRFR R QLQJ~Q DVVHQVR
HVSHFLDOPHQWHVLORVTXHDFUHGLWDURQODPXPLDKDFtDQWUiILFRGHHOOD2WURVGLFHQTXHXQPpGLFRMXGtRPDOLFLRVDR
LUULVRULDPHQWHIXHDXWRUGHTXHHVWLPiVVHPRVHVWDGURJD3HRUHVHVWHFRQGXFWRTXHHOSULPHURSHURFRPRWDOYH]
VXFHGHORGHVDOXWHPH[LQLPLFLVQRVWULVODH[SHULHQFLDGHEHGHFLGLUODTXHVWLyQ^`

KWWSZZZQRGXORRUJHFQSKWP





-RVp0DUtD%HOOLGR0RULOODV8VRPpGLFRGHODFDUQHKXPDQDHQ(VSDxD(O&DWREOHSDV

&RPRYHPRVQRSLHQVD)HLMRRTXHPX\FUXHOFRVDVHUtD\FRQWUDQDWXUDHOKRPEUHFRPHUFDUQHGHKRPEUH
VLHVWDFDUQHDPRMDPDGDVHSUXHEDEHQHILFLRVD(OPD\RUSUREOHPDHVODDGXOWHUDFLyQ
3HURORSHRUTXHKDLHQODPDWHULDHVTXHODPXPLDOHJtWLPDHVWRHVODHJ\SFLDFDQRVHKDOODMDPiVHQQXHVWUDV
ERWLFDV$VVtORWHVWLILFDQHO0DWKLRORVREUH'LRVFyULGHV\/HPHULHQVX7UDWDGR8QLYHUVDOGHGURJDVVLPSOHV (VWH
~OWLPRGLFHTXHODTXHVHQRVYHQGHHVGHFDGiYHUHVTXHORVMXGtRV \WDPELpQDFDVRDOJXQRVFKULVWLDQRV GHVSXpV
GHTXLWDUOHVHOFHOHEUR\ODVHQWUDxDVHPEDOVDPDQFRQP\UUDLQFLHQVRD]tEDUEHW~QGH-XGHD\RWUDVGURJDV^`

'HVGH OXHJR ORV MXGtRV IXHURQ WDQ SDUWLGDULRV GH OD FDUQH GH KRPEUH FRPR GHWUDFWRUHV GH OD GHO FHUGR
HVSHFLDOPHQWH <RVHI $EUDKDP LEQ :DTDU GH 7ROHGR 'RQ $EUDKDP HO $OIDTXt  TXH OD UHFRPLHQGD FRQWLQXDPHQWH
SDUD ORV KDOFRQHV ( VL XLHUHQ TXH DQ HQVDQJRVWDPLHQWR GH IXHOJR SRU DSHUWDPLHQWR GH ORV SHFKRV WRPHQ GH OD
PRPLDHGHVOtDQODFRQROLRGHOLOLRHPH]FOHQFRQHOORXQSRFRGHPDQWHFDSRUGHVOHUHXQSRFRGROLRGDOLFLPtQH
GHERORDUPpQLFRHVtPHMRUDUHQFRQHVWR^`6LQRGHQOHVFDUQHGHPXUHVSHTXHQQRVRFDUQHGHFDEUDRVL
QR WRPHQ GH OD PXPLD WDQWD TXDQWD HQWHQGLHUHQ TXH DYUiQ PHVWHU H GHVIiJDQOD FRQ ROLR GDOLFLPtQ R FRQ RO\R
GDOQDUJH]^` ( WRPHQ GH OD PXPLD SHVR GXQD VHVPD GXQ GLQHUR GH SODWD H GHO EROR DUPpQLFR SHVR GXQD
WHUFLDG
XQGLQHURGHSODWDHPH]FOHQHVWDVPHOH]LQDVFRQSHVRGHGRVGLQHURVGHSODWDGHDJXDGHODUHJDOL]DTXH
GL[LHPRVHDWtELHQORHIiJDQJHOREHXHUHGp[HQODVHVWDUTXDQWRXQRUDHGHVSXpVFpXHQODV^`6LQRWRPHQGHO
HVFRULD GHO ILHUUR H GH OD FHQL]D GH ODV IRMDV GH ODV DXHOORWDV H GHO EROR DUPpQLFR H GH OD PXPLD WDQWR GH OR XQR
FRPRGHORiOHPXpODQORFRQDJXDOXYLDRFRQDJXDFRUULHQWHFODUDHIDJDQWUDJDUG
HOORDODVDXHVPHQRUHVSHVR
GXQD VHVPD GXQ GLQHUR GH SODWD^` 6L QR SyQJDQODV HQ ORJDUHV OyEUHJRV SRU WDO TXH VH QRQ GHEDWDQ H
GHVSXpV WRPHQ GHO EROR DUPpQLFR H GH OD PXPLD GH FDGD XQR SHVR GXQD VHVPD GXQ GLQHUR GH SODWD H GHO
RUSLPHQWDPDULHOORSHVRGXQJUDQRGHWULJR(PXpODQORHPp]FOHQORHSyQJDQORHQXQSHGDoXHORGHFDUQHSLFDGDH
GpQJHOR D ODV DXHV PHQRUHV H D ODV PD\RUHV VHJXQG VX JXLVD^` ( TXDQGR OHV DFDHoLHU TXH VH OHV
GHVFR\XQWHQORVSLFRVPpWDQOHVHQDTXHOORVORJDUHVGHVFR\XQWDGRVGHODPXPLDRGHOHQJUXGRGHOHXDGXUDHVL
VH OHV FUHEDQWDUH DOJR HQ ORV SLFRV ~QWHQJHORV FRQ XQJHQWR GH OLOLR R GH HQHOGR R FRQ RWUR XQJHQWR TXDOTXLHU
TXHVHDFDOLHQWHVHJXQGHVWRV^`
(O'DQFXV5H[HQVXWUDGXFFLyQFDVWHOODQDUHFRPLHQGD4XDQGRRXLHUHODJRWDHQODFDEHoD HQODVUUHQHV
FRQQRoHU OR DV TXHV QRQ SXHGH EDFLU D OH[RV  WRPD OD PXPLD  ORV SHORV GH OD OLHEUH  GDJHOR D FRPHU FRQ OD
FDUQHGHOJDWRL[GLDV VVLQRORFDPLDUHHVVVDQR^`(OFDQFLOOHU3HUR/ySH]GH$\DODUHFRPLHQGDOOHYDUVLHPSUH
PHGLFLQDV SDUD ORV KDOFRQHV HPSH]DQGR SRU 0Y\ EXHQD PXPLD TXH HV OD PDV SUHoLRVD PHGHoLQD SDUD ORV
TXHEUDQWDPMHQWRV GHO IDOFRQ TXH SXHGH VHU  HV IHFKD GH FDUQH GH KRPEUH FRQIDoLRQDGD  OR PHMRU GHOOD HV OD
FDEHoD^` (O 0RGR GH PHOHoLQDU ODV DYHV GH ILQDOHV GHO ;9, R SULQFLSLRV GHO ;9,, LQVLVWH &XDQGR HO DYH
KXYLHUHJRWDHQODFDYHoDRHQODVUHQHVFRQRFHUORDVTXHQRSXHGHEDWLUOHMRVWRPDPRPLDRORVSHORVGHODOLHEUH
H GiVHOR D FRPHU FRQ OD FDUQH GHO JDWR H VL QR UHVLIDUH HV VDQR^` )DGULTXH GH =~xLJD \ 6RWRPD\RU WRPD ODV
PLVPDVSUHFDXFLRQHVTXH/ySH]GH$\DOD
7RPDFDUQHPRPLDTXHWLHQHQORVERWLFDULRV\ODSH]\OD]DUDJDWRQD\ODVLPLHQWHGHODVXHOGDPHQRVVLPLHQWH
GHPDVWXHU]R<GHVSXpVGHPROLGRWRPHQGHODFDUQHPRPLDSHVRGHXQUHDOGHODVXHOGDPHQRUSHVRGHODPLWDG
GHODVLPLHQWHGHOPDVWXHU]RODFXDUWDSDUWH\GHVXHOGDFRORUDGDWDQWRFRPRGHODVXHOGDPHQRUTXHVSHVRGH
PHGLRUHDO\M~QWHQVHWRGRVHVWRVSROYRV\WpQJDORVHOFD]DGRUHQXQVDTXLWRGHEDOGUpVSRUTXHQRWRPHQKXPLGDG
QLVHVDOJDQFRPRVHVDOGUtDQVLHQOLHQ]RORWUD[HVHQ\WUi\DORVVLHPSUHFRQVLJRSDUDODVVHPHMDQWHVQHFHVLGDGHV
SRUTXHHVSROYRPX\DSUREDGRSDUDVROGDUFXDOTXLHUDTXHEUDGXUDGHODVDYHV^`

KWWSZZZQRGXORRUJHFQSKWP





-RVp0DUtD%HOOLGR0RULOODV8VRPpGLFRGHODFDUQHKXPDQDHQ(VSDxD(O&DWREOHSDV

3OiFLGDLPDJHQGHO&DQFLOOHU'RQ3HUR/ySH]GH$\DOD
GHVFDQVDQGRHQODFDSLOODGHOD9LUJHQGHO&DEHOOR
HQHOPRQDVWHULRGH4XHMDQDODYD
3HURQDWXUDOPHQWHQRWRGRTXHGDHQDOEHLWHUtD\HQGDUGHFRPHUGHODFDEH]DGHXQHJLSFLRDODVDYHVGH
SUHVD /D PRPLD HVWi MXVWLILFDGD HQ PHGLFLQD SRU DXWRULGDGHV FRPR *XLGR GH &DXOLDFR^` *RUGRQLR FRPR
WUDWDPLHQWR FRQWUD ODV DOPRUUDQDV SRU HMHPSOR ^` \ *LOEHUWR TXLHQ D VX YH] VH DPSDUD HQ OD DXWRULGDG GH
$YLFHQD^`(QHO7HVRURGHODPHGLFLQDGHOD&RORPELQDVHOHH-WHPHOoXPRGHORVSXHUURVFRQODVDO FRQHO
DOELQ FRQHODOPH]WDTXH FRQODVDQJUHGHGUDJRQ FRQODPXPLD FRQHODJPLGRQ FRQODVFODUDVGHORV
KXHXRVWRGRVHFRDODVRPEUD PROLGD FHUQLGR SROXRVIHFKR HFKDGRRHPSOODVWUDGRVREUHODODJDUHVWDQD
ODVDQJUHGHODVODJDV^`HQHO7UDWDGRGHSDWRORJtD(ODFXUDSRUODPDODFRQSOLVLRQIULDHVFRQODVPHOH]LQDV
FDOLHQWHVVRWLOHV ODVYLDQGDVDWDOHV EHYDHOEXHQYLQRGHEXHQRORU WRPHODPXPLD KXHODRORUHVFDOLHQWHV
XQWHORVSHFKRVFRQROLRQDUGLQR IDJDHQSODVWRHQORVSHFKRVFRQVDQGDORV FRVW MXQoD JLURIOH IRMDVGH
PLUWR  OR TXHO VHPHMD^` $GHPiV GHPXHVWUD TXH OD PRPLD HV LJXDO GH EXHQD SDUD KXHVRV GH KDOFRQHV \
KRPEUHV
5HoHEWDGHHQSODVWRSDUDWRGDFDLGDRIHULGD PDFKXFDPLHQWRTXDQGRVDOOLHUHGHQGHVDQJUHRQRQVDOLHUHWRPD
GRVRQoDVGHPXPLD DUUR]OODYDGRPROOLGR DOXQEUHGHIHEUDWXUUDGRGHFDGDXQRGRVDXUHRVERORDUPHQLFR
VLHWHDXUHRVOODFDPRQGDGDGHVXVIXVWHVTXDWURRQoDVUXLEDUEDURGRVRQoDVDoDIUDQRQoD PHGLDPLUUDPHGLD
RQoD DUVHQLFR GRV RQoDV FDVWRU  DOIROYD  UXELD GH FDGD XQR XQD RQoD D\XQWHQOR WRGR PROOLGR  oHUQLGR
DPDVHQORFRQDJXDGHJDUYDQoRVUHPRMDGRV FXQSODFRQHOORORVOORJDUHVGRORULGRV HVPX\ERQR^`

7DPELpQDSDUHFHHOSRUWHQWRVRLQJUHGLHQWHHQOD6XPDGHODIORUGHFLUXJtDGH)HUQDQGRGH&yUGRED^`3HUR
VLQGXGDVHOOHYDODSDOPDHVWDUHFHWDGH-HUyQLPR6RULDQR
$]H\WHPDUDXLOORVRSDUDORVSDUDOLWLFRVLQXHQFLRQSURSULD7RPDUD\]HVGHOLULRFDUGHQR\GHDULVWKRORVWULDUHGRQGD
FDGD GRV RQoDV GH FRQVXHOGD PD\RU GH FDPHGUHRV GH LXD DUWKHWLFD \ GH LXD PXVFDGD GH \HUXD SDUDOLVLV GH
SLPSLQHODGHUXGD\GHVHOXLDGHFDGDTXDOYQPDQRMRGHED\DVGHODXUHO\GHKHQHEURFDGDVH\VGUDJPDVGH
IORUHV GH FDQWKLXHVVR \ GH URPHUR FDGD YQ SXxR \ PHGLR GH JDODQJD GH ]HGRDULD \ GH JLQJLEUH GH FODXRV GH
JLORIHGHQXH]HVGHHVSHFLDV\GHFDQHODFDGDWUHVGUDJPDVGHOLJQRDORHVYQDRQoDGHHQFLHQVR\GHDOPDVWLJD
FDGDGLH]GUDJPDVGHP\UUKDGHD]LXDUKHSDWLFRGHVDUFRWRODGHEGHOLGHJDOEDQR\GHVDQJUHGHGUDJRFDGD
RQoD\PHGLDGHODEGDQRHVFRJLGRGHHVSLJDVLOGHPXPLDVLVHKDOODUHORTXHHVGHFDUSREDOVDPRGHDoDIUDQGH
JRPDDUDELJD\GHHVWRUDTXHVOLTXLGRVFDGDTXDWURGUDJPDVGHFDVWRUHRPHGLDRQoDGHJRPDHOHPPLGRVRQoDV
GH GLDFKLORQ LUHDGR WUHV RQoDV GH DJXDUGLHQWH WUHV RQoDV GH DOPL]TXH PHGLD GUDJPD GH WUHPHQWLQD ERQLVVLPD
WDQWRFRPRSHVDUHWRGRORGLFKR7RGRHVWRPH]FODGRSRQJDVHHQDOTXLWDUDGHYLGULR\VDTXHVHHOD]H\WHHOTXDOVH
JXDUGDUDHQYQYDVRGHYLGULRELHQDWDSDGR(VWDQHIILFD]TXHWRGRVORVTXHFRQHOVHKDQYQWDGRHORULJHQGHORV
QHUXLRV\ODVSDUWHVSDUDOLWLFDGDVFXUDURQPX\ELHQ(QWUHHOORVIXH3HGUR$QGUHVGH2OXMDKRPEUHSULQFLSDO\ULFR
SDUDHOTXDOVHKL]RODSULPHUDYH]HVWHD]H\WH^`

(Q OD PHGLFLQD DFWXDO OD XWLOL]DFLyQ GH PDWHULDO KXPDQR HQ PHGLFLQD HV DOJR IUHFXHQWH \ TXH D QDGLH
KWWSZZZQRGXORRUJHFQSKWP





-RVp0DUtD%HOOLGR0RULOODV8VRPpGLFRGHODFDUQHKXPDQDHQ(VSDxD(O&DWREOHSDV

HVFDQGDOL]D HQ HO FDVR GH ODV WUDQVIXVLRQHV \ ORV WUDQVSODQWHV $OJR PX\ GLVWLQWR HV VX HPSOHR FRPR PDWHULD
SULPD HQ OD LQGXVWULD IDUPDFpXWLFD 1R HV OR PLVPR XQ WUDQVSODQWH TXH OD HODERUDFLyQ GH XQ SURGXFWR D EDVH GH
VHUHVKXPDQRV\HVRDSHVDUGHTXHORVyUJDQRVKXPDQRVWDPELpQVHKDQFRQYHUWLGRHQXQREMHWRGHFRPHUFLR
LOHJDO\GHWHVWDEOHSRUVXSXHVWRSHURUHDO\SUHVHQWH
,QYHQWRVFRPRODVYHQGDVFRQFROiJHQRKXPDQRGH6KPXHO6KRVKDQGHOD8QLYHUVLGDG+HEUHDGH-HUXVDOpQ
VHDVLPLODQDHVWDFRQFHSFLyQGHOKRPEUHFRPRPDWHULDSULPD6LQHPEDUJRSXHGHQFRQVLGHUDUVHD~QXQDIRUPD
GHWUDQVSODQWH
3HURTXpVHSXHGHVHQWLUDOOHHUXQWH[WRFRPRHVWH"
&ROiQGRVHHQWUHODFHQVXUDTXHLPSHUDVREUHORVPHGLRVFKLQRVHVWRVGtDVDSDUHFLyHQODSUHQVDQDFLRQDOXQD
QRWLFLDFRQXQWLWXODUVRUSUHQGHQWH/D3ROLFtDGHVFXEUHXQDIiEULFDGHFDGiYHUHV(OPDFDEURKDOOD]JRVHSURGXMR
HQ ;LDRJXVKDQ XQ SHTXHxR SXHEOR GH OD SURYLQFLD GH /LDRQLQJ DO QRUGHVWH GHO SDtV (Q HVWH PtVHUR YLOORUULR ORV
DJHQWHVHQFRQWUDURQPiVGHFDGiYHUHVDOLQHDGRVHQORTXHIXHUDXQDH[SORWDFLyQGHJDQDGR>@<HVTXHOD
VLQLHVWUD HPSUHVD GH FDSLWDO H[WUDQMHUR \ GHQRPLQDGD 'DQGRQJ 6FLHQFH  $UW 7HFKQRORJ\ VH HQFDUJDED GH
PDQXIDFWXUDUFDGiYHUHVFRQILQHVFLHQWtILFRV\PpGLFRV7DQRVFXURFDVRKDYXHOWRDOHYDQWDUODVVRVSHFKDVTXHVH
FLHUQHQVREUHQXPHURVDVILUPDVGHFRVPpWLFRVWDQWRFKLQDVFRPRLQWHUQDFLRQDOHVDFXVDGDVGHXWLOL]DUODSLHOGHORV
IDOOHFLGRVSDUDREWHQHUHOFROiJHQRFRQHOTXHVHHODERUDQODVFUHPDVGHEHOOH]DIHPHQLQDV>@/RVUHVSRQVDEOHV
GHODSODQWDGHVFXELHUWDHQ;LDRJXVKDQQRGHEHUiQKDFHUIUHQWHDUHVSRQVDELOLGDGHVSHQDOHV^`

7HOHYLVLyQ (VSDxROD FRPXQLFy WDQ IHVWLYR GHVFXEULPLHQWR OOHYDQGR HO SHVR GH OD QRWLFLD VREUH OD DXVHQFLD GH
FRQWUROHVVDQLWDULRVSDUDODFDUQHGHUHR\ODSRVLEOHWUDQVPLVLyQGHHQIHUPHGDGHVDWUDYpVGHORVFRVPpWLFRV\
GLRXQPHQVDMHWUDQTXLOL]DGRUGHODVDXWRULGDGHVGLFLHQGRTXHHVWDHUDDOWDPHQWHLPSUREDEOH
(QWUH ODV DXWRULGDGHV FRPXQLWDULDV &DWKHULQH 6WLKOHU IRUPXOy OD VLJXLHQWH SUHJXQWD DO &RQVHMR Q  +
 
(OPDUWHVGHVHSWLHPEUHGHHOSHULyGLFR7KH*XDUGLDQLQIRUPDEDGHTXHXQDHPSUHVDFKLQDGHFRVPpWLFD
XWLOL]D SLHO GH FDGiYHUHV GH DMXVWLFLDGRV SDUD GHVDUUROODU SURGXFWRV GH EHOOH]D GHVWLQDGRV D OD YHQWD HQ (XURSD
$JHQWHV GH GLFKD HPSUHVD KDQ VHxDODGR D ORV SRVLEOHV FOLHQWHV TXH HVWiQ GHVDUUROODQGR XQ FROiJHQR SDUD
WUDWDPLHQWRVGHODELRV\GHDUUXJDVDSDUWLUGHSLHOGHSUHVRVDMXVWLFLDGRV/RVDJHQWHVGLFHQTXHDOJXQRVGHORV
SURGXFWRV IDEULFDGRV SRU OD HPSUHVD VH KDQ H[SRUWDGR DO 5HLQR 8QLGR \ PX\ SUREDEOHPHQWH D RWURV (VWDGRV
PLHPEURV GH OD 8(  \ TXH OD XWLOL]DFLyQ GH SLHO GH FRQGHQDGRV HV DOJR WUDGLFLRQDO \ TXH QR KD\ SRU TXp
HVFDQGDOL]DUVH/RVPpGLFRV\ORVSROtWLFRVGLFHQTXHHVWHGHVFXEULPLHQWRSRQHGHUHOLHYHORVSHOLJURVGHULYDGRV
GHO FUHFLHQWH Q~PHUR GH SHUVRQDV TXH WUDWDQ GH PHMRUDU VX DVSHFWR 'HMDQGR GH ODGR ODV FRQVLGHUDFLRQHV GH
FDUiFWHU pWLFR H[LVWH WDPELpQ XQ ULHVJR SRWHQFLDO GH LQIHFFLyQ $ OD YLVWD GH HVWDV DODUPDQWHV UHYHODFLRQHV TXp
WLHQH LQWHQFLyQ GH KDFHU HO &RQVHMR SDUD LQWURGXFLU QRUPDWLYDV GHVWLQDGDV D FRQWURODU ORV WUDWDPLHQWRV FRVPpWLFRV
FRPRHOFROiJHQR\DSRQHUILQDHVWHFRPHUFLRDWUR]"

5HFLELyODUHVSXHVWDGHTXHGHFRQIRUPLGDGFRQHODUWtFXORGHO7UDWDGR&(~QLFDPHQWHOD&RPLVLyQSXHGH
SUHVHQWDU SURSXHVWDV OHJLVODWLYDV HQ HVH iPELWR FRQ OR TXH UHPLWLy OD PLVPD SUHJXQWD D OD &RPLVLyQ GH OD TXH
UHFLELyODVLJXLHQWHUHVSXHVWD Q+ 
/D&RPLVLyQVHVLHQWHFRQVWHUQDGDSRUODLQIRUPDFLyQTXHDYDQ]DVX6HxRUtDVHJ~QODFXDOODSLHOSURFHGHQWHGH
ORV FXHUSRV GH UHRV HMHFXWDGRV SRGUtD XWLOL]DUVH SDUD GHVDUUROODU SURGXFWRV FRVPpWLFRV GH YHQWD HQ (XURSD (Q
SULPHUOXJDUODOHJLVODFLyQFRPXQLWDULDQRFRQVLGHUDTXHHOFROiJHQRKXPDQRSDUDHOWUDWDPLHQWRGHORVODELRV\ODV
DUUXJDV VHD XQ SURGXFWR FRVPpWLFR /D &RPLVLyQ GHVHD VHxDODU LJXDOPHQWH TXH HQ WRGR FDVR OD OHJLVODFLyQ
FRPXQLWDULD SURKtEH HO XVR GH FpOXODV WHMLGRV \ SURGXFWRV GH RULJHQ KXPDQR SDUD OD IDEULFDFLyQ GH SURGXFWRV
FRVPpWLFRVGHELGRDOULHVJRGHWUDQVPLVLyQGHHQIHUPHGDGHVLQIHFFLRVDV3RUFRQVLJXLHQWHHVWRVSURGXFWRVHQWUDQ
HQHOiPELWRGHDSOLFDFLyQGHOD'LUHFWLYDVREUHWHMLGRV\FpOXODV/D8QLyQ(XURSHDDGRSWyHVWD'LUHFWLYDHQHOPHV
GH PDU]R GHO DxR SDVDGR \ HQ HOOD VH HVWDEOHFH OD FDOLGDG \ ORV UHTXLVLWRV GH VHJXULGDG TXH GHEHQ FXPSOLU ORV
WHMLGRV \ FpOXODV GH RULJHQ KXPDQR (VWD 'LUHFWLYD QR SHUPLWH SUiFWLFDV FRPR ODV GHVFULWDV HQ ORV PHGLRV GH
FRPXQLFDFLyQSDUDREWHQHUFROiJHQRSDUDIDEULFDUSURGXFWRVGHEHOOH]D/D'LUHFWLYD &( JDUDQWL]DTXHHO
FUHFLHQWHQ~PHURGHSDFLHQWHVTXHVRQWUDWDGRVFRQWHMLGRV\FpOXODVHQ(XURSDSXHGDQFRQILDUHQODVHJXULGDG\OD
KWWSZZZQRGXORRUJHFQSKWP





-RVp0DUtD%HOOLGR0RULOODV8VRPpGLFRGHODFDUQHKXPDQDHQ(VSDxD(O&DWREOHSDV

EXHQDFDOLGDGGHGLFKDVVXVWDQFLDV

&RPRYHPRVODPD\RUSUHRFXSDFLyQHVODWUDQVPLVLyQGHHQIHUPHGDGHV\ODVDOXGGHORVSDFLHQWHVHXURSHRV
3RGUtDYHUVHFRPRXQDDFWLWXGKLSyFULWDGHODVDXWRULGDGHVHXURSHDVHOFRQGHQDUHOFRPHUFLRGHPDWHULDOKXPDQR
VLQ FRQWURO VDQLWDULR \ QR FRQGHQDU HO FRPHUFLR FRQ XQ SDtV VLQ QLQJ~Q WLSR GH FRQWURO HQ QLQJ~Q VHQWLGR \ TXH
PDQWLHQH XQD UHSURGXFFLyQ FRQVWDQWH GHO ~OWLPR GH ORV &XDWUR HVWDGLRV GH OD FUXHOGDG GH :LOOLDP +RJKDUW /D
FRQVWHUQDFLyQGHOD&RPLVLyQHVPX\UHODWLYD
'HVGHHOSXQWRGHYLVWDPpGLFRFRPRTXHUtD)HLMRROR~QLFRTXHLPSRUWDHVVLORVSURGXFWRVVLUYHQRQR
'HVGH HO SXQWR GH YLVWD GH ODV OH\HV GHO PHUFDGR XQ HYHQWXDO PDO HVWDGR GH OD PHUFDQFtD HV XQ SUREOHPD
PHQRU6tTXHHVXQYHUGDGHURSUREOHPDHODEDVWHFLPLHQWR\SURGXFFLyQ6LVHFRQVLGHUDQORVFDGiYHUHVKXPDQRV
XQD PDWHULD SULPD \ XQ SDtV WLHQH XQD PDQHUD LQVWLWXFLRQDOL]DGD GH REWHQFLyQ \ H[SORWDFLyQ GH HVH UHFXUVR VyOR
QHFHVLWDDVXPLUXQRVFRQWUROHVGHFDOLGDGDFHSWDGRVLQWHUQDFLRQDOPHQWHSDUDSRQHUVHDODFDEH]DGHOPHUFDGR
'HVGH HO SXQWR GH YLVWD GH XQ 0LQLVWHULR GH 6DOXG GH FXDOTXLHU QDFLyQ OR TXH LPSRUWD HV H[FOXVLYDPHQWH OD
VDOXG GH VXV FLXGDGDQRV 3HUR GHVGH HO GHO *RELHUQR HQ VX FRQMXQWR DO PHQRV HQ (XURSD LQWHUHVD WDPELpQ VX
WUDQTXLOLGDGPRUDO
4XH ODV ERWLFDV HVSDxRODV VLJDQ FRQVHUYDQGR FDUQH GH KRPEUH HQ VXV WDUURV GHSHQGH H[FOXVLYDPHQWH GH OD
LQJHQLRVDFRPSDJLQDFLyQGHHVWRVSXQWRVGHYLVWD
1RWDV
^` $QyQLPR /LEUR GHO FDYDOOHUR dLIDU HG GH -XDQ 0DQXHO &DFKR %OHFXD 8QLYHUVLGDG GH =DUDJR]D =DUDJR]D
IROY
^` &IU (OLQRU /LHEHU 0DLPRQLGHV WKH 0HGLFDO +XPDQLVW HQ $UWKXU +\PDQ FRRUG  0DLPRQLGHDQ 6WXGLHV
<HVKLYD8QLYHUVLW\1XHYD<RUNSiJVSiJ
^` (QWUH QXPHURVDV DYHQWXUDV TXH QR KD\ DTXt VLWLR SDUD FRQWDU \ TXH SHUWHQHFHQ HQ UHDOLGDG DO GRPLQLR
OLWHUDULRGHOVHxRU%D\RRFXUULyOHVTXHHQXQUDQFKRGHLQGLRVTXHKDEtDWHQLGRXQHQFXHQWURJXHUUHURODYtVSHUD
IXHURQREVHTXLDGRVFRQXQDFDUQHDVDGD0iVWDUGHXQMHVXLWDDOTXHYLVLWDURQHQODVSUR[LPLGDGHVOHVDQXQFLy
TXH KDEtDQ FRPLGR FDUQH KXPDQD GH ODV YtFWLPDV GH OD HVFDUDPX]D &XDQGR OH SUHJXQWDURQ FyPR VDEtD
FRQWHVWy %D\R VROHPQHPHQWH 7HQtD XQ OLJHUR VDERU D FHUGR 3tR %DURMD 'HVGHOD~OWLPDYXHOWDGHOFDPLQR
0HPRULDV%LEOLRWHFD1XHYD0DGULGSiJV
^` $QyQLPR ,QYHQWDULR \ WDVDFLyQ GH OD ERWLFD GHO GRFWRU $SROLQDULR 9HOi]TXH] >@ HG GH 0DULDQR 0DURWR
&25'(0DGULG
KWWSZZZQRGXORRUJHFQSKWP





-RVp0DUtD%HOOLGR0RULOODV8VRPpGLFRGHODFDUQHKXPDQDHQ(VSDxD(O&DWREOHSDV

^`-XDQ$ORQVR\GHORV5X\]HVGH)RQWHFKD'LH]SULYLOHJLRVSDUDPXMHUHVSUHxDGDVHGGH-XDQ03XULILFDFLyQ
=DEtD/DVDOD$UFR/LEURV0DGULG
^`-XDQ-RVp'RPHQFKLQD'pGDOR HG GH $PHOLD GH 3D] 0DGULG &DVWDOLD&RPXQLGDG GH 0DGULG 0DGULG 
SiJ
^`3HUR7DIXU$QGDQoDVHYLDMHVGH3HUR7DIXU,PSUHQWDGH0LJXHO*LQHVWD0DGULGSiJV
^`$QyQLPR/LEURGHDVWURORJtDHGGH0DUtD7HUHVD+HUUHUD0DUtD1LHYHV6iQFKH]8QLYHUVLGDGGH6DODPDQFD
6DODPDQFDIROY
^` )UDQFLVFR /ySH] GH *yPDUD /D SULPHUD SDUWH GH OD +LVWRULD QDWXUDO GH ODV ,QGLDV HG GH ,UPD &DEDOOHUR
0DUWtQH]8QLYHUVLGDGGH6DODPDQFD6DODPDQFDIRO
^` -RmR GH 6RXVD 9HVWLJLRV GD OLQJXD DUDELFD HP 3RUWXJDO RX /H[LFRQ HW\PRORJLFR GDV SDODYUDV H QRPHV
SRUWXJXH]HVTXHWHPRULJHPDUDELFD$FDGHPLD5HDOGDV6FLHQFLDV/LVERD
^`%HQLWR-HUyQLPR)HLMRR\0RQWHQHJUR7KHDWURFUtWLFRXQLYHUVDORGLVFXUVRVYDULRVHQWRGRJpQHURGHPDWHULDV
SDUD
GHVHQJDxR
GH
HUURUHV
&25'(
0DGULG

SiJ


;;9

KWWSZZZILORVRILDRUJEMIEMIWKWPWSW
^`%HQLWR-HUyQLPR)HLMRR\0RQWHQHJURORFFLW
^` $EUDKDP LEQ :DTDU 0RDPtQ /LEUR GH ORV DQLPDOHV TXH FD]DQ HG GH $QWKRQ\ - &iUGHQDV +LVSDQLF
6HPLQDU\RI0HGLHYDO6WXGLHV0DGLVRQ&25'(0DGULGIROY
^`2SFLWIROY
^`2SFLWIROU
^`2SFLWIROU
^`2SFLWIROY
^`2SFLWIROU
^` $QyQLPR 'DQFXV 5H[ (VF 9,, HG GH -RVp 0DQXHO )UDGHMDV 5XHGD +LVSDQLF 6HPLQDU\ RI 0HGLHYDO
6WXGLHV0DGLVRQIROU
^` 3HUR /ySH] GH $\DOD /LEUR GH OD FDoD GH ODV DYHV %/ $GG  HG GH -RVp 0DQXHO )UDGHMDV 5XHGD
+LVSDQLF6HPLQDU\RI0HGLHYDO6WXGLHV0DGLVRQIROY
^`$QyQLPR0RGRGHPHOHoLQDUODVDYHVHGGH-RVp)UDGHMDV5XHGD&DwUHO0DGULGSiJ
^`)DGULTXHGH=~xLJD\6RWRPD\RU/LEURGHFHWUHUtDGHFD]DGHD]RUHGGH'iPDVR*XWLpUUH]$UUHVH6RFLHGDG
GH%LEOLyILORVHVSDxROHV0DGULGSiJV
^`'HOVDOLPLHQWRGHODPDGUL] GHOORQJDRQ6HDIRPHQWDGRFRQYLQRVWLSWLFR GHVSXHVVHDSROXRUL]DGRFRQOD
SROXRUD GH OD UD\V FRQVXHOGH PDVWLFH LQ SOXV VDQJXL GUDJRQLV EROL DUPHQLFR PXPLD PLUUD QXFLV FLSUHVVL
EDODXVWLDUXP DOXPLQH FHUXVHLQPLQXV GHDTXHOPHVPRSROXRFRQORVEODQFRVGHORVKXHXRVVHDIHFKR
HPSODVWR $QyQLPR 7UDGXFFLyQ GHO 7UDWDGR GH FLUXJtD GH *XLGR GH &DXOLDFR 0DGULG %1 , HG GH 0DUtD
7HUHVD+HUUHUD\0DUtD(VWHOD*RQ]iOH]GH)DXYH+LVSDQLF6HPLQDU\RI0HGLHYDO6WXGLHV0DGLVRQIRO
U
KWWSZZZQRGXORRUJHFQSKWP





-RVp0DUtD%HOOLGR0RULOODV8VRPpGLFRGHODFDUQHKXPDQDHQ(VSDxD(O&DWREOHSDV

^` $QyQLPR *RUGRQLR %10 , HG GH -RKQ &XOL \ &\QWLD :DVLFN +LVSDQLF 6HPLQDU\ RI 0HGLHYDO 6WXGLHV
0DGLVRQ  ( V\ HO YRPLWR IXHUH SRU YOFHUD YVH HVWD SRFLRQ 5HoHSWD PLUUD VDUFDFROD PRPLD DOPDVWLFD
HQFLHQVR>@DQDRQoDMYLQREXHQRGRVOLEUDVVHDWRGRFR]LGR WRPRGHOORQRFKH PDxDQDHQFDGDYH]RQoD
M  PHGLD  FRPXQPHQWH IDEODQGR HQ WRGR YRPLWR DSURXHFKD HVWH SROXR V\ ORV SXVLHUHQ HQ HO JRXLHUQR TXH
FRPLHUHVREUHODVDOPRUUDQDV6LHVWDVYOFHUDVIXHUHQKXPLGDVDJXRVDVYHQLQRVDVTXDVLVDQLRVDVHVWRQFHV
IDJDQWDOYQJXHQWR5HoHSWDOLWDUJLURRQoDPHGLDFDWLDPLDGHRUR GHSODWD DOXD\DOGHODXDGR DORHODXDGR
 DOPDVWLFD  HQFLHQVR  VDUFDFROD  ODV FRQFKDV GHODV RVWLDV  DJDOODV  EDODXVWLDV  PRPLD
ERODUPHQLFR5HoHSWDPLUUD PRPLD QXH]GHDFLSUHV DOPDVWLFD HQFLHQVR DJDOODV oXPDTXHDQD
VHD WRGR IHFKR SROXRV  PHWDQOR ( HQ TXDOTXLHU PDQHUD TXH VDOLHUH IXPHQWHQOR SULPHUR  GHVSXHV YQWHQOR
GHVSXHVHFKHORVSROXRVHQFLPD5HoHSWDIDXDLQXHUVDTXHHQHOYXOJDUGHORVSURXLQFLDOHVVHOODPDQEHQDGXV
 ODV WUHV FRQVXHOGDV  OD FRUUHKXHOD  OODQWHQ  TXLQTXH QHUXLD YLVFR TXHUFLQR>@ DQD 0DQLSXOR M URVDV
HQFLHQVR DOPDVWLFD PXPLD VDQJUHGHGUDJRHPDWKLWLVERODUPHQLFRDQDGUDPDMJUDQRVGHDUUD\KDQ
oXPDTXH DQD RQoD PHGLD PDVWXHUoR GUDPDV LM DJDOODV GUDPDV LLM 6HD WRGR FR]LGR HQ DJXD GH OOXXLD
DxDGDQ SROXRV GH OLHEUH TXHPDGRV FRQ WRGR  DoXFDU OR TXH DEDVWDUH  VHD IHFKR D[DURSH GHO TXDO YVDUD
PDxDQD WDUGHIROY
^`$QyQLPR7UDGXFFLyQ GHO /LEUR GH UHFHWDV GH *LOEHUWR 0DGULG %LEOLRWHFD 3DODFLR  HG GH 0DUtD 7HUHVD
+HUUHUD \ 0DUtD (VWHOD *RQ]iOH] GH )DXYH +LVSDQLF 6HPLQDU\ RI 0HGLHYDO 6WXGLHV 0DGLVRQ  LWHQ GL]H
DEL]HQD WRPD PRPMD TXH HV FDUQH GH RPPH  HQoLHQVR  DOPDVWLFD VDQJUH GH GUDJRQ WRGR SRU \JXDO SHVR
PXHOHORWRGRHVWRHQYQR GHVSXHVWRVWDORYQSRFR PHVFODORFRQDoXFDUSDQ GDORDEHXHUDOSDoLHQWHSRUOD
PDQQDQDHVWULQHSRUIXHUWHTXHVHDHOIOX[R
^` $QyQLPR 7HVRUR GH OD PHGLFLQD 7HVRUR GH ORV UHPHGLRV  6HYLOOD &RORPELQD  HG GH 0DUtD 7HUHVD
+HUUHUD0DUtD(VWHOD*RQ]iOH]GH)DXYH+LVSDQLF6HPLQDU\RI0HGLHYDO6WXGLHV0DGLVRQIROU
^`$QyQLPR7UDWDGRGHSDWRORJtDHGGH0DUtD7HUHVD+HUUHUD8QLYHUVLGDGGH6DODPDQFD6DODPDQFDIRO
U
^`2SFLWIROU
^`(DODSRVWUHTXDQGRIXHUHFRFKRSRQ\HODORHHODPXPLDHODVDQJUHGHGUDJRHGH[DORFRFHUDWDQWRD
PDQVRIXHJRIDVWDTXHVDOJDODXPLGDGWRGD(VLTXLVLHUHVSURYDUTX
HVFRFKRSRQXQDJRWDGHOORHQXQDORVD
H VL TXLVLHUHV SURYDU HVWH JORULRVR HQSODVWR VREUH XQ RMR TXHEUDGR GH XQ FDQ ELHQ OLJDGR TXH HQ HVSDoLR GH 9,
RUDV VHUD HO RMR VROGDGR >@ ( TXDQGR OR TXLVLHUHV SRQHU HVWH HQSODVWR GDOH FDGD PDxDQD D EHYHU GHVWRV
SROYRVWRPDPXPLDRQoD,SLPLHQWDQHJUD\HQFLHQVRHERODUPHQLFRHVDQJUHGHGUDJRHSHGUDVDQJHQDULD
DQLRQoDHPHGLDWLHUUDVLQJLODWDHJHQJLEUHHFDQHODDQLRQoDV,,7RGRVHKDPROLGRHFHUQLGR)HUQDQGRGH
&yUGRED6XPDGHODIORUGHFLUXJtDHGGH-RVp,JQDFLR3pUH]3DVFXDO7R[RXWRV0DGULGSiJV
(HVWRIHFKRPDQGDID]HUHVWHHQSODVWRWRPDJDQELYDTX
HVFDOYLYDRQoDV,,,DOPDVWLFDRQoDGRVPXPLD
RQoDV,,HVDQJUHGHGUDJRRQoDV,,WLHUUDVLJLODWDRQoDPHGLDSiJ
^`-HUyQLPR6RULDQR/LEUR GH H[SHULPHQWRV PpGLFRV IiFLOHV \ YHUGDGHURV HG GH 0DUtD 7HUHVD +HUUHUD 0DUtD
(VWHOD*RQ]iOH]GH)DXYH+LVSDQLF6HPLQDU\RI0HGLHYDO6WXGLHV0DGLVRQIRO
^` 3DEOR 0 'tH] ,QYHVWLJDQ HO XVR GH FDGiYHUHV HQ &KLQD SDUD KDFHU FUHPDV HQ /D 9HUGDG $OEDFHWH
YLHUQHVGHMXQLRGH1DWXUDOPHQWHVHWUDWDGHXQDFRUUHVSRQVDOtDUHGLVWULEXLGD\ODFUyQLFDVHHQFXHQWUD
HQPXFKRVRWURVSHULyGLFRV(OWLWXODUUHFXHUGDODOLWHUDWXUDGHFRUGHO\ORVURPDQFHVGHFLHJRGHOVLJOR;,;VREUH
ORVVDFDXQWRVJDOOHJRV\GHPiV VDFDPDQWHFDV SHUR FRPR HVWRV VH UHILHUH D KHFKRV UHDOHV (V XQD YHUGDG
LQQHJDEOHTXHDOJXQDVJHQWHVHQ(VSDxDFUHtDQHQORVSRGHUHVFXUDWLYRVGHOXQWRGHPR]DFRPRSODVPDOD
&RQGHVD GH 3DUGR %D]iQ HQ VX FXHQWR 8Q GHVWULSDGRU GH DQWDxR SXEOLFDGR HQ HQHUR GH 
SDUDGyMLFDPHQWH HQ /D (VSDxD 0RGHUQD FIU WE (PLOLD 3DUGR %D]iQ 'H VLJOR D VLJOR  
$GPLQLVWUDFLyQ0DGULGSiJ 3HURHOFDVRPiVGHVWDFDEOHSRUVXVSUHVXSXHVWRVSVHXGRPpGLFRV TXH
UHFXHUGDQ OD LGHD UHQDFHQWLVWD GH OD OHSUD TXH VyOR SXHGH FXUDUVH FRQ VDQJUH GH LQIDQWHV XVDGD SRU (UDVPR
FRPRHMHPSORGHVLWXDFLyQHQODTXHHVSHRUHOUHPHGLRTXHODHQIHUPHGDG HVVLQGXGDHOFULPHQGH*iGRU FIU
-RVp 9i]TXH] 6DQWLHVWDEDQ (O FULPHQ GH *iGRU HVWXGLR DQWURSRVRFLROyJLFR HQ 5HYLVWD JHQHUDO GH
OHJLVODFLyQ \ MXULVSUXGHQFLD    SiJV  FIU (QULTXH )HUQiQGH] 6DQ] (QIHUPHGDGHV GH ODV
JOiQGXODVGHVHFUHFLyQLQWHUQD%HOWUiQ0DGULGSiJQ 
KWWSZZZQRGXORRUJHFQSKWP





-RVp0DUtD%HOOLGR0RULOODV8VRPpGLFRGHODFDUQHKXPDQDHQ(VSDxD(O&DWREOHSDV

QRGXORRUJ


KWWSZZZQRGXORRUJHFQSKWP



Вам также может понравиться